Biofuel ethanol，which is regarded as one of the key alternative fuels in the future，has been playing on the central stage of automotive alternative field since the 1970s. In this paper，current development of fuel ethanol worldwide，as well as R&D history and policies is presented. Fuel ethanol production routes，including chemical methods (syngas and acetic acid hydrogenation) and bio-fermentation methods (grain fermentation，non-grain feedstock fermentation and fermentation for syngas) are analyzed. Commercial challenges and key factors influencing fuel ethanol industry progress are discussed. Suggestions on promoting fuel ethanol R&D and gearing up industry growth are proposed. Non-grain fuel ethanol industry development should come from strengthening supply chain，technology evolution，accelerating demonstration and optimizing product utilization.

This paper reviewed several methods of separating and recovering BF3 complexes，including adsorption，extraction，adsorption，subsidence and cracking. SiO2 and metallofluoride can be easily produced in adsorption method，which suited to small-scale applications. In extraction method，the cheaper and less poisonous alcohols are superior to hydrofluorocarbons as the extraction reagents. Highly corrosive acids can be generated in the adsorption method；therefore，this method has been phased out. Subsidence method consumes large amounts of energy and is appropriate to small-scale applications. Four technologies of the cracking method were introduced in more detail in this paper，including flash-evaporation，flash-complexing ，distillation-phase separation and cracking-gas/liquid separation technology. The designed technology combining vacuum distillation with BF3 complexing was able to achieve high cracking rate，high BF3 separating and recovery rate.

This paper introduced research developments in heat transfer enhancement and tube fouling prevention in the rotational flow tube. New technologies mainly include tube tension，surface groove，and compound heat transfer enhancement. Tube insertion can break boundary layer and achieve online anti-scaling and descaling automatically，however it is difficult to maintain constant heat exchanger efficiency due to normal wear on the wall. Surface groove can achieve heat transfer enhancement in and out of the tube，it also has relatively low fluid resistance，but the manufacturing process is complex. Compound heat transfer enhancement has high heat transfer capacities and the advantages of various heat transfer technologies，and its overall performances can be higher than one kind of technique. Thus compound heat transfer enhancement can be a prospective technology for future applications.

In order to discuss the characteristics of the flow field in the Multiple impinging stream reactor，the flow field of the two nozzles opposed imping stream reactor and four nozzles opposed imping stream reactor under the different conditions were simulated by Fluent software. The import velocities were set as 5 m/s、10 m/s、15 m/s、20 m/s and 25 m/s. The simulation results showed that the average of flow velocity and the fluctuation of pressure increased to 4.1 times and 16.2 times，and the velocity gradient and the average of amplitude of pressure increased to 5.0 times and 25.4 times when the import velocity increased from 5 m/s to 25 m/s. The comparison of the two reactors indicated that greater average of velocity gradient and higher average of volatility of pressure were generated in the four nozzles opposed imping stream reactor. Both values were 1.2 times of that in the two nozzles opposed imping stream reactor，indicating that both shear force field and pulsation were more powerful in the four nozzles opposed imping stream reactor，more favorable for turbulent mixing within the reactor.

An experiment of pyrolysis for oil shale sludge from Huadian and Wangqing at certain heating rates (5 ℃/min，10 ℃/min，20 ℃/min，40℃/min) was conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer. And pyrolysis mechanism of oil shale sludge was investigated by analyzing through the gas separation characteristics. Results showed that three stages were involved in the process of oil shale sludge pyrolysis. First stage characterized moisture and lightweight components dissolution (20—180 ℃ ); in the second stage (180—360 ℃），was that heavy components volatilized steadily，which was research focus of the dynamics；in the third stage (360—600 ℃) semicoke carbonized and mineral substances reduced in weight. Researches showed that K2CO3 could effectively reduce the temperature of oil sludge’s pyrolysis and improve production rate of oil. However，Al2O3 not only had no obvious catalysis on the pyrolysis of oil shale sludge but also inhibited the process. The generated organic macromolecular degraded due to heat，resulting in the break of carbon-carbon bond of macromolecules’ side chain and the production of smaller molecules paraffin and unsaturated hydrocarbon. In the condition of low pressure and high temperature，the chain scission tended to happen at the end of carbon chain，causing the number of smaller molecule hydrocarbon to increase.

Using air as gas working fluid and with liquids of different surface tensions （pure water，0.01% SDS solution，0.5% SDS solution，ethanol） as working fluids，a visualization experiment was conducted to study the split of annular flow through a T-junction with a rectangular cross section （100 μm×800 μm）. The results showed that the liquid preferentially enters the side branch. Liquid taken off mainly concentrated in 0.25—0.65 and gas taken off mainly concentrated in 0.1—0.8. The rate of increase of liquid taken off become bigger with increase of gas taken off. It was found that the liquid taken off of annular flow decreases with an increase of superficial liquid velocity at a certain superficial gas velocity. When the superficial liquid velocity is certain，there is very little effect of inlet gas flow rate on the liquid taken off. We also found that the decrease in liquid surface tension make the liquid taken off increase. When the present data were compared to those from other diameter junctions，it is seen that the phase split characteristics of the annular flow is very dependent on pipe size.

Pressure swing distillation process with heat integration was proposed for separation of the ethanol-toluene mixture because of its pressure sensitivity. Vapor-liquid equilibria（VLE）data for the toluene-ethanol mixture were measured using a VLE recirculating still. The experimental data verified that NRTL model can be successfully applied to VLE prediction of this system. The optimum simulation was performed using the RadFrac pattern of Aspen Plus and NRTL equation，aiming at minimizing the energy consumption at fixed purities of ethanol and toluene. Due to relatively low boiling point of ethanol-toluene mixture，high-low pressure columns were selected. The optimal process parameters such as the total number of theoretical plate，reflux ratio，feeding position，operating pressure and circulating ratio were specified by using optimizing analysis. The obtained purities and the yields of the products were more than 99.9%. The results showed that pressure swing distillation process with heat integration can save 49% of energy compared with traditional pressure swing distillation.

Based on Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model，the gas-liquid co-current flow of the sieve tray type packing was simulated by CFX. The simulation results showed that the pressure loss through single sieve tray agreed well with the manufacturer,s performance data under smaller kinetic energy factor. The characteristics of velocity and pressure distribution in the flow field were analyzed and the results showed that the mixing of gas and liquid attributed to entrainment by jets；the pressure at the bottom of packing decreased due to vortex and the pressure on the top increased because of jet impinging. The study of pressure drop of sieve tray type packing with various structures indicated that the sieve tray hole diameters and the liquid flow rates were important factors of pressure drop. With smaller hole diameters the influence of liquid flow rate on pressure drop was stronger. When projection of upper floor sieve holes intersected with lower floor sieve holes reduced the pressure drop of single sieve tray effectively. When the liquid flow rate increased，two packing pressure drop curves of various distances between sieve trays intersected at one point. When the gas flow rate was lower than the intersection point，the distance between trays became narrower and the pressure drop on the tray increased. The results showed the opposite while the gas flow was higher than the intersection point.

This research focused on the investigation of comprehensive heat transfer enhancement performances of the tube inserted with helical blade rotors with grooves. A 60% Glycerin solution was used as tube-side working fluid in transition region. In order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results，plain tube validation experiments were carried out with the Reynolds numbers ranging from 2800 to 6200. Meanwhile，the effects of rotor diameters on heat transfer enhancement performance of the rotors were investigated. The results showed that the Nusselt number of the rotors inserted tube was about 60%—200% higher than that of the plain tube under the same Reynolds numbers condition；the friction factor of the rotors inserted tube was about 16%—32% higher than that of the plain tube；the PEC values were obtained between 1.56 and 2.79. In addition，the Nusselt number，friction factor and PEC values of the rotors inserted tube increased with the increasing rotor diameter. This was because larger diameters of the rotors contribute to a stronger effect of swirling and thinning the boundary layer.

Experiments of nucleate pool boiling heat transfer and physical properties of aqueous solutions were conducted with different surfactant additives，which included two ionic surfactants，sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS）and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTAB），and two nonionic surfactants，Triton X-114 and Triton X-100. The influences of molecular structures and physical properties of surfactant additives on boiling heat transfer were investigated. The results showed that the boiling heat transfer enhancements were related to the molecular weight and ionic natures of surfactants. The boiling heat transfer coefficients of ionic surfactant SDS and CTAB solutions showed an inverse molecular weight dependence presented as h～M ?0.22，but no such relationships for the nonionic surfactants. Under the same dynamic surface tensions and heat flux，the differences of boiling heat transfer characteristics of SDS and CTAB solutions were mainly affected by molecular weight and contact angle，and Triton X-114 and Triton X-100 solutions were affected by concentrations，EO group numbers，and cloud point and dynamic viscosity.

Azeotropic distillation technology was used to treat industrial mixed-alcohol wastewater coming from ammonia synthesis. Using this technology and taking a feasible azeotropic agent，the distillation experiment of 1-propanol-water azeotrope system was conducted in batch distillation column. The operating condition of treating industrial mixed alcohol waste water was optimized. The results indicated that using this technology and taking cyclohexane as azeotropic agent，1-propanol in raw material could be purified from 20%～40% to ≥95%，and cycloihexane entrainer at the tower top could be purified to ≥97%. This technology greatly reduced equipment investment and energy consumption. The experimental results showed that using azeotropic distillation for separation of 1-propanol - water azeotrope system could be reliable and practicable.

Shale oil condensation and recovery by oil washing in China has not been developed and applied successfully，so an oil washing technology for condensation and recovery of oil-gas from oil shale retorting was proposed and process simulation was conducted by using software PRO/II. Simulation results showed that the proposed oil washing process was effective for shale oil condensation and recovery，and oil-gas was separated into gas，gasoline，diesel，and heavy oil. However bottom temperature of oil washing tower was low and heat recovery was limited. For improving energy matching and enhancing heat recovery，system optimization was conducted in this study. Heat recovery rate was improved by 14.63% and high grade heat energy was obtained after process optimization. Energy matching was also more reasonable. The optimal value of gasoline reflux flow rate of 3100 kg/h in oil washing tower was recommended by analyzing simulation results.

Research progress and production routes of aromatics from biomass are reviewed. Several promising representative processes，such as Bio-AromaticsTM developed by Anellotech which produces BTX by catalytic pyrolysis，BioFormingTM developed by Virent which produces BTX by catalysis of sugars and the process developed by Gevo which produces PX from bio-based isobutanol. Characteristics of above mentioned processes are analyzed，such as source of raw materials，process flow，process condition etc. Compared with production cost of traditional naphtha cracking process，production cost and economics of bio-aromatic processes are discussed. Bio-AromaticsTM process is most cost effective. Future research on bio-aromatics should focus on improvement of utilization efficiency of biomass and yield and selectivity of aromatics，and development of newly catalyst and reactor fit for conversion of biomass.

Nowadays，energy shortage and environmental pollution are the focus concerns in the world. As a clean energy，hydrogen energy has gained growing interest in recent years. Studies on thermo-chemical treatment and utilization of biomass have been extensively conducted，because it is an effective method for hydrogen-rich gas production. In this paper，the current status of studies on biomass pyrolysis and gasification is reviewed. The influences of different pyrolysis and gasification techniques，raw material characteristics，heat source types，reaction conditions，gasification agents and catalysts on hydrogen-rich gas production are discussed. The application and catalytic mechanism of catalysts in biomass pyrolysis and gasification are summarized. The main problems facing biomass pyrolysis and gasification for hydrogen-rich gas production are searching for catalysts with high efficiency and long life，and solving their deactivation problem by improving catalytic environment or pyrolysis/gasification techniques.

Hydrogen production coupled with the electrochemical treatment of organic wastewater at the anode was investigated. Phenol，glucose，starch were used to investigate the degradation of organic matter，hydrogen production，and their relationship. The results indicated that degradation of organic matter was different due to the structure and properties of organic matter and hydrogen production changed as well. Meanwhile，degradation of phenol was effective，and hydrogen production volume and rate were higher than glucose and starch. Kinetic study of phenol showed a first order model，and the reaction constants at 5 V and 10 V were 0.01498 h?1and 0.1202 h?1 respectively，which increased with the increase of voltage. These results could provide theoretical foundations for rational treatments of different organic wastewaters.

The study on palladium-catalyzed reactions is one of the frontier areas in organic synthesis chemistry. Palladium compounds，which show high activity and selectivity as catalysts in the fluorination reactions，have attracted more attentions. The main progress made in the field of palladium-catalyzed fluorination during the last decade is reviewed. Moreover，efforts in studying Pd-catalyzed organic transformations have been focused on nucleophilic fluorination，electrophilic fluorination and asymmetric reaction. In addition，the reaction conditions，selectivity，yields and mechanisms are discussed and summarized. The researches on palladium catalysts for the synthesis of aryl fluorides are also reviewed，especially，the catalytic mechanism，the reaction conditions and ligand. The reaction system for the synthesis of alkyl fluorides is briefly discussed. Moreover，the outlook for further prospect of palladium-catalyzed fluorination is given in this paper. The further research work should be focused on the investigation of reaction mechanism and the selection of catalyst ligand.

Doping of Al into the mesoporous SBA-15 material has become one of the most active study objects in the field of mesoporous materials，because it not only holds the features of original structure of mesoporous SBA-15，but also gives the material a new catalytic active site. This paper was aimed to elaborate the research progress in mesoporous Al-SBA-15 material in recent decades，to compare the differences among various synthesis methods，and to discuss the factors，such as the molar ratio of Si/Al，synthetic methods and reaction conditions，which influence the efficiency of the Al atoms incorpoarated into mesoporous framework of SBA-15 and the orders，stability and acidity of mesoporous material. Meanwhile，it is concluded that deepening the study of synthesis mechanism，optimizing the synthetic process，and using a simpler and more efficient method for the preparation of mesoporous Al-SBA -15 with fully crystalline framework and higher Al content，are among new directions of the synthesis of mesoporous Al-SBA -15.

Based on the active phase theory for transition metal sulfide catalysts，it was concluded that the performance of hydrotreating catalyst can be improved by increasing the dispersion of active species and by modifying the metal-support interaction in the preparation of hydrotreating catalyst. The improved technologies in the impregnation method，such as addition of organic additives，equilibrium deposition filtration，and slurry impregnation，and the novel preparation technologies，such as hydrothermal deposition method，in situ crystallization，and chemical vapor deposition，were reviewed. And the related research progresses were introduced. Organic additives could interact with support and metal，and then cause the morphology of metal change in the support surface. Therefore，more active type Ⅱ CoMoS phases can be formed. Hydrothermal deposition method and in situ crystallization method could employed to produce catalyst with better dispersion and higher stacking degree of active metal species.

Effects of diallyl bisphenol A(DBA) on catalyzing the thermal curing of novolac cyanate ester resin(cy-5) were studied. Thermal and mechanical properties of DBA catalyzed novolac cyanate ester resins were characterized by DSC，TG，impact performance and DMA test. The results showed that DBA can catalyze the curing reaction and toughen the cured resin with dual function，the 5% DBA-catalyzed novolac cyanate ester resin exhibits the best catalytic effect，the impact strength of the cured resin modified by 10% DBA is 7.41 kJ/m2，and the glass transition temperature and storage modulus of the cured resin modified by DBA both decrease slightly.

Mesoporous anatase metatitanic acid catalyst was prepared by water washing，caustic washing，acid washing with industrial partial titanium pulp as raw material，then applied to the esterification reaction of α-pinene to investigate the catalytic effects. The catalysts were characterized by FTIR、XRD、SEM and BET. The results showed that the optimal preparation condition was temperature 30 ℃，caustic washing pH=8.5，acid washing pH=4.0. SO42? was barely detected in the catalysts after the treatment，and all crystal form was in anatase phase without any significant change. The metatitanic acid catalyst prepared under optimal conditions has a homogeneous pore distribution，less grain agglomeration，a specific surface area of 334.82 m2/g and an average pore size of 3.96 nm. In the optimal catalysis of α-pinene by metatitanic acid，48.59% bornyl oxalate is obtained；steam distillation is employed after saponification to collected product，where the ratio of borneol to isoborneol reaches 59.27∶37.07.

As a new class of soluble and electroactive materials，micro/nanostructure oligoanilines are presented in this paper. The oligoaniline micro/nanostructures，such as nanofibers，microspheres，and nanoplates formed by self-assembly are discussed. Furthermore，control of nanostructures could be achieved by using the three fundamental strategies of amphiphilic assembly，template synthesis，and crystallization/precipitation. The research progress of the three fundamental strategies for micro/nanostructure oligoanilines is reviewed. The advantages and possible drawbacks are discussed. The development trends of the self-assembly of the micro/nanostructure oligoanilines are proposed：a general simple method for self-assembly of oligoaniline micro/nanostructures with well-defined and controlled morphologies， a way to improve their optoelectronic properties and maintain the relatively high stability at the same time.

Due to its structural anisotropy，novel physical and chemical properties，and multifunctionality，layered double hydroxides (LDHs) has been widely used in the field of materials science. Focusing on the study in recent years on thin-film materials based on LDHs，the paper is aimed to summarize the basic forces of the thin-film material produced by layer-by-layer self-assembly method (such as electrostatic adsorption，hydrogen bonding，etc.)，and to expound LDHs assembled with inorganic molecules (montmorillonite，manganese dioxide，graphene，etc.)，organic molecules (such as poly (vinyl alcohol)，fluorescent dyes，polystyrene sulfonate，etc.) and so on. Applications of thin film on light，electricity，catalysis，biology-inorganic materials are also discussed in detail. With the basic research on preparation，chemical composition and the main forces for assembling in depth，as well as the functionality and practical application of the LBL technology being mature，the thin-film materials based on LDHs via LBL method have a profound impact in many fields including materials，chemical，biological，and other high-tech areas.

Protein-based bioplastics (PBBs)，as a novel family of biodegradable plastics，have attracted increasing attentions thanks to their noticeable advantages in that they could be biodegraded completely and used by consumers in an environmentally friendly manner. However，PBBs are prone to be brittle under stress and their mechanical properties are inferior to their synthetic counterparts，which severely limits the commercialization of PBBs. Fortunately，numerous methods have been applied to overcoming these obstacles and have been found to be，in most cases，effective and successful. This paper summarizes four methodologies for improvement of mechanical properties of PBBs，namely protein denaturation，biofiber reinforcement，blends with synthetic/natural degradable polymers，and nanocomposites. Firstly，different factors influencing protein denaturation are analyzed，including pH value，addition of urea，inorganic salt，and cross-linking agents. Then，both the efficiency of mechanical properties improvement by incorporating natural plant fiber into protein matrix and the related fiber dispersion and compatibility between them are introduced. Next，the reinforcement efficiency of nano-sized fillers (nano whiskers/crystals，layered silicates，carbon nanotubes or grapheme) for mechanical enhancement is introduced. Finally，the future research trends are presented：① Controllable design of PBBs with combined and balanced properties such as biodegradable and mechanical properties，and the extension of service life；② Value-added applications with desired functions，and ③ Exploring new protein resources.

The dispersion mechanism of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles in quartz sand was studied. Influences of porous medium，flow rate on transport were also investigated. The results showed that dispersion mechanism of CMC modified ZVI particles followed the DLVO model. Potential barrier increment brought by electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance had positive correlation with CMC concentration，promoting the dispersion of ZVI. Zero valent iron particles modified with 500% CMC (mass ratio of CMC to ZVI) were fully dispersed as observed from SEM and light absorbance decreased by 31% in 90 minutes. Influenced by interaction energy between ZVI and quartz sand，filling medium adsorption sites and shear force，transport ability had positive correlation with CMC dosage，and increased with bigger medium size and higher fluid velocity.

Using 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole and imidazole as ligands，Zn(NO3)2 as metal salt and water as solvent，ZIFs material TIF-5Zn with GIS topology was synthesized by solvothermal method. The influence of solvent on morphology and the stability of TIF-5Zn were investigated with XRD，SEM，TG and CHN. The results showed that solvent had great influence on morphology of the samples. Water or methanol as a single solvent generated irregular shaped aggregates of micro or nanocrystals，while based on the mixed solvent of aqueous ammonia (NH3?H2O) and methanol (CH3OH)，highly ordered TIF-5Zn could be obtained. This multi-level microspheres consisted of ordered assembly of numerous submicron particles.

By one-pot technique，the copolymerization of styrene with ethylene promoted by CpTiCl3/I4/Zn catalytic system to produce the star-like hydroxyl functionalized S-E block copolymers was investigated via sequential monomer addition strategy in the present of methylaluminoxane(MAO) as cocatalyst for the coordination polymerization stage. The effect of temperature，time，ethylene pressure and the ratio of Al/Ti in mol on the polymerization performance was discussed. Independently from the feed composition，basic S-E block copolymer was obtained，together with aPS，from which the former was separated by solvent extraction. The CHCl3-soluble product was determined by GPC，DSC，and 13C NMR. The DSC result showed that the copolymer featured a glass transition temperature (Tg= 84 ℃) which attributed to the Tg of aPS domain and melting temperature (Tm=112 ℃) which attributed to the Tm of PE domain. The block structure of the aPS-b-PE copolymer was further confirmed by 13C NMR，these results indicated that the PS segment was amorphous and the PE one was crystalline.

Synthetization of nicotine imprinted polymer (MIP)-derivatized silica monolithic column was carried out based on in situ polymerization on the surface of macroporous silica gel-chemically modified as the matrix. Structural characterization was performed by FTIR，SEM，and the total pores and microspores volume were measured though size exclusion chromatography. In HPLC system，chromatographic condition was tested. Frontal analysis was utilized for producing absorption isotherm for the MIP monolithic column. Additionally，adsorption thermodynamic behavior of the MIP was studied. The result showed that selectivity factors of nicotine were 4.31 and 2.95 relative to 8-hydroxyquinoline and pyridine respectively，and the optimized chromatographic conditions was pH=7.5. Freundlich model was shown better than Langmuir model to describe isotherm adsorption behavior of MIP monolith toward nicotine with a heterogeneity index of 0.841. Thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous exothermic process for the adsorption of template on the MIP monolithic column.

One-step polymerization was adopted to synthesize the rigid polyurethane foam. Effect of content of DABCO8154 on foaming time，apparent density，thermal stability and mechanical properties of RPUF product was studied. With increasing DABCO8154 loading，compression strength and bending strength of the product decreased，foaming time decreased，density increased first then decreased，and thermal stability increased.

Metabolic flux analysis can effectively predict the metabolic status of microorganism and guide the process of biosynthesis. It has been successfully applied in many fields. This paper summarizes the applications of three techniques of metabolic flux analysis in the field of industrial biotechnology，which were respectively based on material balance，isotope tracer techniques and genome-scale network. The advantages and limitation of these technologies are presented. Further the application of the two types of flux analysis techniques based on material balance and isotope tracer in the field of enzyme synthesis is discussed. The possible problem of the application of metabolic flux analysis in complex metabolites system is pointed out. At last，the paper indicates that how to bring the information，such as signal transduction，transcription regulation into metabolic network will become the future focus of metabolic analysis in enzyme synthesis.

Mannitol，which is the main component of brown algae，was utilized in this study to produce butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum (ATCC 824). Plackett-Burman (P-B) and Box-Behnken designs were adopted to optimize the fermentation conditions. Ten factors，including beef extract，yeast extract，tryptone，ammonium acetate，KH2PO4，MgSO4?7H2O，FeSO4?7H2O，size of inoculum，fermentation temperature and initial pH，were considered to affect butanol production in the Plackett-Burman (P-B) design. The result demonstrated that fermentation temperature，initial pH and concentration of ammonium acetate were the most critical factors，and optimal fermentation conditions were 37.3℃，pH 6.38 and 2.82 g/L of ammonium acetate according to the Box-Behnken design. A mathematical model was established and used to predict the maximum butanol yield of 8.47 g/L. The result of verification experiment showed that the maximum butanol yield reached 8.52±0.55g/L under the optimum conditions，which showed that the statistical method was a useful tool for butanol production from mannitol in the optimization.

In this article，various synthesis routes and research results for glyphosate are introduced. The aminoacetic acid route and the iminodiethanoic acid route of glyphosate are reviewed in details. The IDA-air (oxygen) catalytic oxidation route using hydrocyanic acid as raw materials is the most advanced synthesis route for glyphosate and used widely abroad owe to the low price of hydrocyanic acid. In China，there is no appropriate source of hydrocyanic acid so far，the aminoacetic acid-dialkyl phosphite route still is the main synthesis routes and the IDA route for glyphosate is the second，but the IDA route will become the most primary route as soon as the production technology of hydrocyanic acid gets breakthrough in the future. At last，some new synthesis routes for glyphosate with atom economy are introduced briefly，such as biological catalysis method and photochemical method，which are expected to get breakthrough in the future.

Fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts are novel surfactants, which exhibit some unusual physico-chemical properties, such as high surface activity, high thermally chemical stability, hydro-oleophobicity. The synthesis methods of cationic fluorinated surfactants are reviewed and categorized according to the characteristics of different molecular structures. Especially the surfactants with some specific functions, such as diallyl, hydroxyl, gemini and amino groups, are presented. Their applications in phase transfer catalyst, supercritical carbon dioxide additive, metal corrosion inhibitor, foam extinguishing agent, textile finishing agent, and antibacterial agent are discussed. The current problems and developing trends of fluorinated quaternary ammonium surfactants are analyzed and prospected.

Research progress of synthesis and application of chiral Gemini surfactants was reviewed. According to the kind of chiral resourse，advances in the synthesis of chiral Gemini surfactants derived from tartaric acids，amino acids，alkyl glucosides and rosins were summarized. The properties of chiral Gemini surfactants were introduced，such as high surface activity，biocompatibility，biodegradability and stereoselectivity. Then，the effects of chiral carbon atoms on self-assembling of chiral Gemini surfactant which needed to be investigated further were presented. The prospects for its applications in chiral mesoporous material，drug carrier and micellar catalysis were also proposed.

Sucrose laurate was synthesized under 40 kHz ultrasonic irradiation using sucrose and methyl laurate as raw materials and anhydrous potassium carbonate as catalyst .Effects of reaction time，molar ratio of sucrose to methyl laurate，DMSO amount and amount of catalyst on monoester yield were investigated. According to the Box-Benhnken design，the response surface methodology with 3 factors and 3 levels was used to set up a quadratic polynomial regression equation for the monoester yield as function of above three factors. The optimum conditions were obtained as follows：molar ratio of sucrose to methyl laurate 3.7∶1，DMSO amount 7.9mL and amount of catalyst 12.8%. Under these conditions，monoester yield was 68.16%.

In order to overcome technical bottleneck of hydroamination，the influences of catalyst dosage，m(NH3)/m(polyether)，reaction time，temperature and pressure on the conversion of one-pot synthesis of polyether amine by the supercritical method were investigated. The results showed the suitable reaction conditions：catalyst dosage 7.5%，m(NH3)/m(polyether)=1.5，7.5 h，160 ℃， 1.0 MPa. The products was characterized with NMR. The development of this technology will provide strong basis for continuous production instead of traditional batch production.

Previous achievements on CO2 chemical utilization are reviewed，including CO2 catalytic hydrogenation，ammonification and esterification reaction. The mechanism and catalysts of CO2 hydrogenation reaction are discussed. The synthesis conditions as well as the application of CO2 esterification reaction products are expounded. A novel synthetic method for the preparation of cyanuric acid by CO2 and NH3 is presented in this article. The significance of CO2 chemical utilization to its emission reduction is also explored，and its study trends are prospected. The industrialization of CO2 catalytic hydrogenation and esterification reaction cannot be realized in short term. Through ammonification，synthesizing cyanuric acid with CO2 has the broad prospects for development.

In anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater，real-time monitoring of anaerobic bacteria morphologic change and distribution in the sludge，and process control are important to increase wastewater treatment efficiency. This paper presented the developments of monitoring technologies processing this area. Determination of conventional indicators of reactor start-up，monitoring methods of bacterial communities’ morphology and molecular biology monitoring technologies were stated. The differences in accuracy and sensitivity among the three methods were summarized and compared. Combining the traditional monitoring methods with molecular biology techniques and transferring the target of fluorescent probe to the surface of cell membrane were also suggested as possible improvements. Furthermore，the application prospects of molecular biology techniques in the monitoring fields of anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater were proposed.

The treatment technologies of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash have mainly two categories：solidification/stabilization and extraction separation. The solidification/ stabilization technology mainly includes cement solidification，thermal treatment，chemical stabilization，and hydrothermal treatment. The characteristics of each technology was reviewed and compared in this paper. The extraction separation technology mainly includes biological/chemical extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. The cement solidification has the advantage of low cost，but the increase of solidification body volume can be a big concern. The thermal treatment technology does not increase the solidification body volume，but it has a high energy consumption and cost. The chemical stabilization technology is highly stable，synchronous solidification of several heavy metals is a challenge for this technology. The reaction conditions for biological/chemical extraction are relatively mild，but this technology is not cost effective either. The recycling of heavy metals can be achieved in the supercritical fluid extraction technology which requires high operational conditions and equipment maintenance. Considering the moderate requirements on operation and equipment maintenance and the high level of harmless and product recycling，the hydrothermal treatment technology could have a greater potential for future applications in the treatment of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash.

The mesh size of 75 μm of micro-dispersion rotating disc column was used to purify wet-process phosphoric acid with the system of TBP+kerosene/phosphoric acid/water. The effects of rotate speed，volume flow，phase ratio on the extraction and re-extraction of phosphoric acid with the content of 55% were studied. Results showed that the extraction rate increased with the increase of rotate speed and phase ratio，and decreased with the increase of volume flow. Under the optimum conditions of rotate speed of 250 r/min，volume flow of 56.62 L/(m2?min)，phase ratio of 4，and the extraction rate can be as high as 55%. The re-extraction rate was improved with the improvement of rotate speed，fell with the raise of phase ratio and volume flow. Under the best re-extraction conditions of rotate speed of 300r/min，volumetric flow of 56.62 L/(m2?min) phase ratio of 6，the re-extraction rate could be up to 85%. Non-dimensional expression for the volumetric mass transfer coefficient can be expressed asKXa=1.53×10?3p?0.28135Fr0.344493W/D，and the simulation matched the experimental results. The application of this model could provide a good experimental basis for industrial scale-up design and optimization.

Polypropylene matrix composites (PPMC) filled with recycled fiberglass powder (RFGP) from waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) were prepared by melt blending method in this research. The effects of surface modification，size fraction and content of the RFGP on the mechanical properties of the PPMC were investigated based on the results of mechanical properties and impact fracture surface morphologies of the PPMC. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of the PPMC can be significantly improved by adding the RFGP pretreated with KH-550 silane as a coupling reagent into polypropylene. And the PPMC with coarse fraction of the RFGP showed better mechanical properties than PPMC with fine fraction. Moreover，the increment of mechanical properties of the PPMC increased with the increase of RFGP content in the beginning and then decreased. When the modified RFGP content was 30% and the size fraction was 180—450 μm，the maximum increment of flexural modulus，flexural strength，tensile strength and impact strength of the PPMC was 68.4%，31.2%，25.9% and 41.4%，respectively.

A non-woven membrane bioreactor (NWMBR) was established to treat bathing wastewater. The experimental results showed that COD，BOD5，LAS，NH3-N and turbidity in effluent were less than 20 mg/L，3 mg/L，0.3mg/L，0.5 mg/L and 0.5 NTU，respectively under conditions of the loading=0.64 kgCOD/(m3?d)，MLSS=5 g/L，HTR=6.3 h and membrane flux=13 L/(m2?h). A loose cake layer formed with the weight of 9.3 g/m2 after NWMBR stable run fifty days at 13 L/(m2?h) conditions. A dense cake layer consisting of carboxylic acid，proteins，polysaccharides and inorganic crystalline formed under the condition of membrane flux=18 L/(m2?h). Various chemical reagents and cleaning methods were examined to prevent membrane fouling. And the backwash style using sodium hypochlorite performed better than other reagents in the prevention of membrane fouling. This method could recover 98% water flux and restore the average pore size from 8.25 μm to 47.2 μm.

Polymer flooding technique has become an important method of enhanced oil recovery. But the application of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) in oilfield meets many environmental problems. Based on water analysis and biodegradability analysis of HPAM-containing wastewater，improved biodegradability of wastewater was achieved. Laboratory simulation treatment of wastewater was performed by the “flotation-up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB)-hydrolysis acidification- immobilized microorganism reactor” integrated process. There were two parts in simulation experiment，one was static，and the other was dynamic. After 2 d static biochemical treatment，the degradation ratio of HPAM in wastewater was up to 89.7%. And in dynamic simulation experiment，after 2 d treatment，the degradation ratio of HPAM was up to 88.65%，that of oil was 99.40%，that of COD was 93.40%. HPAM degradation products were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that HPAM was transformed from bigger molecules into smaller molecules and acylamino group in HPAM was transformed into carboxyl group.

Increase of magesium ion and removal of impurity ions were achieved through adding basic magnesium carbonate to the laterite nickel acid leaching wastewater and using the difference between hydrolysis pH values of metal ions at ambient temperature. The influence of pH value，reaction time and standing time on the concentration of ions was investigated. The optimal conditions were as follows：pH value 6.5，reaction time 5h，standing time 3h. Under those conditions，the content of magnesium ion increased by 7.6% and the removal rates of iron ion，aluminum ion，calcium ion and nickel ion were 99.85%，99.9%，28.57%，and 35.8%，respectively. Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate was obtained by vacuum concentration，crystallization，separation and drying of purified treated wastewater，the purity of the product was more than 98%，which satisfied the requirement of HG/T 2680—95.

Biological process is an economical and effective method for the treatment of phenol wastewater，and the phenol in wastewater can be removed quickly by immobilized microorganisms. The final immobilization method，PVA freeze-thaw method，has been chosen by comparing several immobilization methods. The main study were conducted on polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）membrane concentration，entrapped bacteria concentration on PVA biofilm；and the PVA concentration is selected as 10% and the amount of bacteria is 4%. After the activation of immobilization bacteria， the degradation ability of immobilization bacteria was compared with the free bacteria on phenol，the results showed that the degradation rate of phenol on PVA biofilm is much higher than that of free of bacteria in different temperatures and pHs. XA05embed PVA freeze-thaw method is an effective method to treat phenol wastewater.

The catalyst SLC-S supplied from Shanghai Leader Catalyst Company Limited was industrially tested at SINOPEC SABIC Tianjin Petrochemical Company Limited. The activity，hydrogen sensitivity，copolymerization performance of the catalysts and the influence of the reduction ratio over them was studied. The bulk density，average size，fluidization density of the polymers was tested. The items above were compared with homebred catalysts of the same kind. The result was that the performances of SLC-S were better than the homebred catalysts of the same kind and the responses of the reduction ratio were not sensitive. The properties of the products was also tested，and it indicated that the products are of high quality.