Abstract: The treatment technologies of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash have mainly two categories：solidification/stabilization and extraction separation. The solidification/ stabilization technology mainly includes cement solidification，thermal treatment，chemical stabilization，and hydrothermal treatment. The characteristics of each technology was reviewed and compared in this paper. The extraction separation technology mainly includes biological/chemical extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. The cement solidification has the advantage of low cost，but the increase of solidification body volume can be a big concern. The thermal treatment technology does not increase the solidification body volume，but it has a high energy consumption and cost. The chemical stabilization technology is highly stable，synchronous solidification of several heavy metals is a challenge for this technology. The reaction conditions for biological/chemical extraction are relatively mild，but this technology is not cost effective either. The recycling of heavy metals can be achieved in the supercritical fluid extraction technology which requires high operational conditions and equipment maintenance. Considering the moderate requirements on operation and equipment maintenance and the high level of harmless and product recycling，the hydrothermal treatment technology could have a greater potential for future applications in the treatment of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash.

Key words: municipal solid waste incineration, fly ash, heavy metal, hydrothermal treatment, municipal solid waste incineration, fly ash, heavy metal, hydrothermal treatment

摘要： 系统介绍了垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术和最新研究成果，阐述了垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术一般可分为固化/稳定化技术和分离萃取技术两大类。其中固化/稳定化技术主要为水泥固化、热处理、化学药剂稳定化及水热处理技术；分离萃取技术主要为生物/化学提取和超临界流体萃取技术。分析了各项技术的优缺点，认为：水泥固化技术成本低，但增容过大；热处理技术有一定的减容效果，但能耗成本过高；化学药剂稳定化技术稳定化程度高，但较难实现多种重金属的同步固化；生物/化学提取技术反应条件温和，但成本较高；超临界流体萃取技术虽能有效实现重金属的回收利用，但其对设备要求过高；而水热处理技术的反应条件虽对设备有一定要求，但其无害化程度高，而且反应产物可以再利用。最后指出，水热法应该是未来具有较大应用潜力的飞灰处理方法。

关键词: 垃圾焚烧, 飞灰, 重金属, 水热法, 垃圾焚烧, 飞灰, 重金属, 水热法