Abstract: Fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts are novel surfactants, which exhibit some unusual physico-chemical properties, such as high surface activity, high thermally chemical stability, hydro-oleophobicity. The synthesis methods of cationic fluorinated surfactants are reviewed and categorized according to the characteristics of different molecular structures. Especially the surfactants with some specific functions, such as diallyl, hydroxyl, gemini and amino groups, are presented. Their applications in phase transfer catalyst, supercritical carbon dioxide additive, metal corrosion inhibitor, foam extinguishing agent, textile finishing agent, and antibacterial agent are discussed. The current problems and developing trends of fluorinated quaternary ammonium surfactants are analyzed and prospected.

Key words: fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts, surfactants, textile finishing agent, foam extinguishing agent, fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts, surfactants, textile finishing agent, foam extinguishing agent

摘要： 含氟季铵盐表面活性剂是一类具有高表面活性、高耐热稳定性、高化学稳定性和憎水、憎油等特殊性能的新型表面活性剂。本文系统综述了含氟季铵盐表面活性剂的合成路线和方法，并按照其不同的分子结构特点进行了分类比较，着重介绍了含二烯丙基、羟基、双子、胺基等一些特定功能基团的含氟季铵盐表面活性剂的合成和特性，并阐述了其在相转移催化剂、超临界CO2助剂、金属腐蚀抑制剂、泡沫灭火剂、织物整理剂、抗菌剂等方面的应用。最后，分析了含氟季铵盐表面活性剂目前存在的问题及对其发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 含氟季铵盐, 表面活性剂, 织物整理剂, 泡沫灭火剂, 含氟季铵盐, 表面活性剂, 织物整理剂, 泡沫灭火剂