To replace petrochemical products，coal is processed into a clean，efficient energy. The conversion is an important strategy for solving the gap between petroleum supply and demand，realizing coal cleaning utilization and guaranteeing energy security. In this paper，the heating mechanism，typical features and advantages of microwave are described. Research progress of microwave pyrolysis technology for coal is reviewed. A new possible route for processing coal by grade and clean utilization is proposed. Compared to other pyrolysis technologies，microwave pyrolysis technology could produce better coal tar，which is more suitable for producing chemical products as well as gasoline and diesel fuel. Coal gas produced by microwave has higher purity and is rich in hydrogen and methane. Microwave pyrolysis technology could be integrated with electric power plant or steel works，which is favorable to high-efficiency utilization of resources. Combining microwave pyrolysis with existing petroleum refineries，could optimize processing and utilization of products.

With the great advantages，such as mild operating condition，less or no residual organic solvent and controllable particle size distribution and morphology of products，supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process for particle formation has been widely employed in drug delivery systems (DDS). The fundamental theory，compositions of apparatus and classification for particle formation technology based on SAS process were briefly introduced in this paper. Then the developments of particle formation technology and its apparatus based on SAS process，including the GAS，ASES，SEDS，SEDS-PA，SpEDS，SAS-EM，SAS-IJ，continuous RESS and RESAS processes，were summarized and addressed in more detail with respect to developments of technologies，improvements of nozzle，combinations of technologies and collections of products. The possible solutions for the existing problems such as the agglomeration of particles，difficulty in products collections，and failure in making full use of apparatus，were proposed. Finally，the prospect of development about basic theory in particle formation technology and improvements in apparatus based on SAS process were also presented from two aspects：development of mathematical model and scale-up of SAS process.

The research progress of liquid-liquid two-phase flow in microchannels in recent years was reviewed from flow patterns，mass transfer and application. The observation and design of flow regimes and the examination of the effects of various factors on the flow patterns are two major parts in the study of liquid-liquid two-phase flow pattern. However，the universal flow regime and flow pattern transition lines have not been proposed. The methods of the liquid-liquid two-phase mass transfer research consist of experimental study and numerical simulation. Both methods mainly focus on the research of droplet flow，slug flow and parallel flow. And compared with the qualitative research, the quantitative research of mass transfer is relatively scarce. The application of liquid-liquid two-phase flow is mainly used in the extraction，material synthesis，biological crystallization，etc. Furthermore，the further research of liquid-liquid two-phase ?ow patterns，mass transfer and application were prospected. And in order to promote the industrialization process of liquid-liquid two phase flow, we need undertake in-depth research into two aspects. One is the combination of experimental study and numerical simulation, the other is the extension of its application research.

There are many types of dangerous chemicals，which are flammable. It is difficult to extinguish once the fire starts. The characteristics of hazardous chemical fire accidents were introduced. Flammable gases，flammable liquids，flammable solids and oxidizing substances have different flammable and explosive characteristics. These substances belong to the scope of the supervision and administration of the fire department. Fire hazard parameter test standards and characteristics of different explosive limit test standards were introduced. The fire hazard parameter test standards of flammable liquids were introduced. The scope of different flash point test standard was described. The fire hazard classification standards of flammable solids and oxidizing substances were introduced. Perspective research and standard development were also discussed.

In this paper，the decolorization is improved on the remelt syrup of brown granulated sugar by hemicarbonation method. The dosage of calcium hydroxide sodium bicarbonate and sodium polyacrylate is mainly studied. The clarification and decolorization effects are also investigated when the sodium bicarbonate is used as carbon source that replace carbon dioxide，at meanwhile，safe sodium polyacrylate is employed to replace unsafe polyacrylamide as flocculating agent. The optimal condition is determinated through orthogonal experiments. The result shows that the best clarification rate is 67.3% under the optimal condition as：Sodium Chloride dosage of 4 g/L，calcium hydroxide dosage of 7 g/L，sodium polyacrylate dosage of 0.008 g/L. The clarification and decolorization by hemicarbonation method is feasible，by which the amount of sulfurous acid can be reduced，the utilization of carbon sources can be improved，and the carbon filter mud and other environmental pollution problems can be solved.

Aiming at the drawbacks with algae solution stratify and low density algae cells in the traditional raceway pond，this research designed a V-shape transparent flow guide groove to increase the surface-to-volume ratio and guide the flow，and simulated the influence on the velocity field distribution by the surface gradient of groove，solution depths and air inlet velocity using CFD method. The results showed that in the presence of airlift with the flow guided groove，the mixing area was expanded to the areas near lateral zones on both sides of the raceway pond，and formed a vertical flow cycle between the adjacent layers. The mixing and lighting conditions of the microalgae solution were improved，and the residence time of the carbon dioxide in the solution was also increased. The optimal design parameters were tan?=0.1，d=0.3 m，vair?in=0.1 m/s. Under the optimal conditions，the velocity field distributed evenly，and the mean velocity was suitable for preventing the wall attachment effects and sediment of the algae. In addition，the equipment energy consumption was relatively low.

Compacted size，light weight，good heat transfer performances，and low operating costs have made welded plate heat exchanger increasingly recognized in the industry. Fluid flow and heat transfer in plate heat exchangers have been widely studied. The numerical simulation of double channel’s flow field plate heat exchanger was presented in this paper using software. The fin heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were obtained at different structural and operational parameters. The influences of fin height and fin spacing on heat transfer performance and flow resistance were also analyzed. The results showed the following：the velocity and temperature on the fixed cold side，heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop on the hot side increased with the hot side inlet velocity；at fixed plate spacing，the heat transfer performance was not in proportion with fin height；heat transfer performance was better at smaller fin spacing.

A nano-film with structure of tube arrays was prepared on the inner surface of titanium tube via anodic oxidization. Taking deionized water as the working fluid，the flow boiling heat transfer properties of the nanoporous surface vertical tube with electrically heated outside surface were studied at constant mass velocity employed by forced circulation. The flow boiling heat transfer coefficient correlation of the tube was obtained. Compared to the smooth tube，the flow boiling heat transfer temperature differences were lowered 30%—55%，and its boiling heat transfer coefficient could be increased 1.5—2.2 times.

2-Picoline and heat-sensitive material 2-ethanolpyridine were separated by batch vacuum distillation. The effects of feed composition and operating pressure on vacuum distillation process were also investigated. The results showed that high vacuum in the column lowering the bottom temperature ensured the feed in the reboiler against the thermal degeneration. The optimal pressure was below 4325 Pa for 2-ethanolpyridine in vacuum distillation process. The mass fraction of 2-ethanolpyridine in the reboiler could be more than 97% and the yield of 2-ethanolpyridine could be over 86% under this condition. When the pressure was 1325 Pa the mass fraction of 2-picoline in the distillate and 2-ethanolpyridine in the reboiler were both up to 98%，with yields above 85%，meeting the requirements of industrial production well.

Binary interaction parameters of the NRTL model of ethanol-water-1,3-dimethyl-imidazole dimethyl phosphate ([MMIM]+[DMP]?) system were regressed from VLE data. According to the analysis of residue curves，[MMIM]+[DMP]? was selected as the extraction agent in the extractive distillation. The optimum operating conditions were calculated through simulation：the feed of the extraction agent was 30 to 40 kg/h，reflux ratio was 0.6，the location of the raw material feed was the 23th theoretical plate，the extraction agent feed location was the 2nd theoretical plate，and the distillate product concentrations was up to 99.6%. The design and operating parameters of [MMIM]+[DMP]? for ethanol - water extractive distillation were determined through simulation，providing a theoretical basis for the commercial use of ionic liquids.

The theoretical stages of an extraction column were calculated based on the main style and structure and operation data. The model of extraction process for the system of methyl acrylate-methanol-water was built by reasonable simplification of the components in feedstocks，and the extraction process was simulated by chemical process simulation software —Aspen Plus with industrial operation data. After three-stage countercurrent extraction，the simulation results corresponded with the industrial operation data. Based on the established model，operation variables and control variables influencing the stability of industrial process were investigated，such as temperature，extraction ratio and extraction stage. Some suggestions of improving the quality of products were presented，providing a reference for improving extraction column and increasing production.

Na-ion battery is one of the possible replacements for Li-ion battery for energy storage，due to its high energy density，high safety，and low cost. In this paper，research progress of Na-ion batteries is reviewed，including preparation and electrochemical performance of positive electrodes，negative electrodes and electrolytes. Positive electrodes include oxides，phosphates. Negative electrodes include carbon based-anodes，titanium based-anodes and alloy anodes. Electrolytes include organic electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes. The advantages and limitations of materials are presented. Na-ion secondary battery could gradually replace Li-ion battery，and the present main problem is matching of different system materials.

Microscopic force between hydrate particles and agglomeration of particles are critical for steady flow of hydrate slurry. This paper investigates common equipments used in researching microscopic force and agglomeration of particles，including focused beam reflectance measurement probe，particle video microscope probe，high pressure differential scanning calorimetry and micromechanical force apparatus. Measurement with micromechanical force apparatus and theoretical study have proved that the dominant adhesion force between hydrate particles is capillary bridge force，which is the main factor causing agglomeration of particles. Force balance model is used to study agglomeration of hydrate particles and calculate critical agglomeration size. This paper also summarizes agglomeration mechanisms of hydrate particles proposed by prior researchers with emphasis on physical model of contact induced-shear limited mechanism which is based on population balance model. This mechanism can well describe dynamics process of hydrate particles agglomeration. Further research and definition of microscopic forces between hydrate particles and agglomeration will have great significance for oil and natural gas transportation，and confirming influence of anti-agglomerant on natural gas hydrate particles agglomeration will be a focus of future research.

An ionic liquid is attractive by its low or negligible vapor pressure，catalytic ability，and strong dissolving power. The application prospect of ionic liquids in biodiesel synthesis is increasingly interested in recent years. Particular attention has been paid to the roles of ionic liquids in biodiesel synthesis，the capability of ionic liquids as solvents，the ability of ionic liquids as catalysts for producing biodiesel and the recyclability of ionic liquids. Interdisciplinary research shall be supported in the field of non-aqueous phase enzymatic reaction and ionic liquids medium engineering for the mass transfer problem of enzymatic process in ILs reaction systems and recycling of the ionic liquid.

Biodiesel derived from transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil has a good application prospect as a renewable energy. To analyze and evaluate the compatibility of Jatropha curcas L. biodiesel and its blends of petroleum diesel with materials which were used in transportation，storage and application，interactions between eight materials (four types of rubbers and four types of plastics) and Jatropha curcas L. biodiesel-0#diesel were analyzed. The results showed that acid value and viscosity of fuels met national standards after immersion for 28—56 days. Fluorine rubber showed a good compatibility with the fuels，its weight and hardness changed a little，the increase rate of thickness was less than 18.00%，and the decrease rate of tensile strength was less than ?22.00%. On the contrary，chloroprene rubber，EPDM rubber and butadiene acrylonitrile rubber were incompatible with the fuels for a long time. The changes of thickness and weight of four types of plastics were small，and their mechanical properties showed good stability.

Sulfur compounds of RFCC diesel oil were removed by using H2O2-formic acid as oxidant and DMF as extractant. The effects of oxidation time，oxidation temperature，H2O2 dosage and formic acid dosage on desulfurization efficiency were studied. The effect of dispersant Span-80 on desulfurization efficiency of oxidation with H2O2-formic acid were also investigated. The optimal oxidation conditions of H2O2-formic acid-Span-80 were mass fraction of Span-80 dispersant 2.0%，volume fraction of H2O2 oxidant 36%，volume fraction of formic acid 32%，oxidation temperature 60 ℃，oxidation time 50 min. Desulfurization rate was increased from 85.58% to 98.27% by Span-80 dispersant. The sulfur content of RFCC diesel fuel could be lowered from 12500 mg/L to 216 mg/L. According to GC analysis，the removals of thiophene，benzothiophene and its derivatives were almost complete，and further efforts are needed to remove dibenzothiophene and its derivatives.

Catalytic pyrolysis inherits advantages of conventional steam cracking and fluidized catalytic cracking，and shows good feed adaptability and high yields of light olefins. Processing technologies have been researched for a wide range of petroleum feedstocks. This paper summarizes the advances in catalytic pyrolysis. ZSM-5 zeolite，thermodynamic equilibrium limitation and kinetic reaction conditions are important influence factors and research interests for catalytic pyrolysis. Catalyst study is still the key point in developing catalytic pyrolysis processes，and thermodynamics and kinetics are effective methods to study reaction behavior.

This is a summary on progress in the preparation of supported nanoscale metal catalysts via supercritical fluid deposition. Taking advantage of supercritical fluids with nearly zero surface tension，gas-like diffusion coefficient，low viscosity，liquid-like high solvent efficiency and adjustability，many authors have successfully prepared the metal nanoparticles supported on porous materials. In terms of dissolution，adsorption and reduction of metal precursors during supercritical fluid deposition，recently reported achievements are summarized and discussed，especially regarding solubility，adsorption thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics. In addition，the improvement on metal utilization rate，particle size control and dispersity confronted in the fabrication of metal nanocomposites by the supercritical fluid deposition are discussed.

Several nano transition metal oxides with high catalytic activity discovered in recent years are reviewed. Nano-catalysts with different crystallographic planes or crystal types，good absorption properties，stable chemical properties，and recyclability，can be prepared by controlling reaction conditions，changing the proportion of surfactant added，and selecting different reaction pathways. The size，shape and composition of nano-catalysts are the key factors influencing their performance. Oxide catalytic reaction mechanism is discussed in order to design high catalytic activity nano-particles.

Activated carbon supported molybdenum-based catalyst (Mo/AC) is a novel catalyst for hydroprocessing of residuum，and the sulfidation degree determines the activity and stability of catalyst. The sulfurization behavior of Mo/AC was studied. The sulfided catalyst was characterized by means of XRD，XPS，SEM and TEM. Under the following conditions：CS2 as sulfiding agent，n-hexadecane as sulfiding medium，sulfiding temperature 350℃，sulfiding time 3 h，partial pressure of H2 6 MPa，the sulfidation degree of sulfided catalyst was up to 85%. Multilayered MoS2 phase was highly dispersed，with stacking structure of 4～6 layers and length of slabs 6～10 nm. Evaluation demonstrated that sulfided catalyst achieved a high level of conversion at high distillate selectivity with low coke yield in atmospheric residuum conversion.

Bimetallic Ni-Fe/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared from different nickel precursors of Ni(NO3)2，Ni(CH3CO2)2 and NiCl2 (denoted as Ni-Fe-N，Ni-Fe-Ac，Ni-Fe-Cl，respectively) by the impregnation method. The catalysts for CO methanation in a slurry-bed reactor were investigated using XRD，CO-TPD and H2-TPR. Ni-Fe-N showed maximal catalytic activity for CO methanation，with CO conversion of 97.2% and CH4 selectivity of 87.3%，while Ni-Fe-Cl showed a minimum activity with CO conversion of 47.3% and CH4 selectivity of 58.7%. The higher activity of Ni-Fe-N was attributed to high dispersion of NiO，interaction between Ni and Fe in bimetallic catalyst and high adsorption capacity for CO.

The research progress of carbon-coated metal oxides as electrode materials for supercapacitor is reviewed. The application status and problems of precious metal oxides (such as RuO2) and cheap metal oxides (such as of Fe3O4，SnO2，TiO2，MnO2，etc.) as electrode materials for supercapacitor are presented. Core/shell structure formed by carbon-coated cheap metal oxide resolves the problems of dissolution of metal oxide in the electrolyte，and expansion of charge and discharge volume，and proposed its application prospect in consumer electronics，aerospace and national defense technology as electrode materials for supercapacitor.

Tribological performance of magneto-rheological fluid is a key factor in the design and active control of magneto-rheological device，and also in the service performance and durability of magneto-rheological fluid.Based on the actual work condition，tribological performance should be an important indicator in the evaluation of performance. In this paper，comparison of the tribological performance of magneto-rheological fluid and electro-rheological fluid / magnetic fluid is made. The tribological performance can be improved by adding proper lubricant additives. The current tribological study of magneto-rheological fluid is reviewed. Future research directions including design of friction and wear testing apparatus，establishing relationship between rheology and friction，and active control of magneto-rheological device are proposed.

The study on aging properties of solid propellant and the prediction of its safe storage life is of great importance for the safe storage of ammunition. Research progress of aging properties of solid propellant is reviewed，including aging mechanism，influencing factors，testing methods and prediction of storage life. The cross linking of adhesives by oxidation is the main reason for aging failure. The composition，structure and mechanical properties of the propellant are the intrinsic factors and ambient temperature and humidity are external factors . Combination of analytical instruments and experiments is an effective method to shorten the experimental period and improve result accuracy. The multi-scale simulation study based on computer will be the focal point in the future.

Polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by the method of immersion-precipitation phase inversion. Casting solution consists of PSf and additive. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30，PVP-K90)，polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000，PEG-20000)，zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and propionic acid (PA) were used as additives. The concentration of the additive was 10%. The sectional structure of the polysulfone membrane with PVP-K90 is sponge-like. The membranes with other additives are like finger-like. The pure water flux of the polysulfone membrane with PVP-K30 was maximum and the rejection of BSA of the polysulfone membrane with PA was maximum. The equilibrium water content (EWC) and porosity of polysulfone membranes with polymeric additives were higher than polysulfone membranes with small molecule additives. Polysulfone membranes with polymeric additives had more closed-cell structure.

The effect of different types of acidic dopant namely，sulfuric acid （H2SO4)，dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and compounded acids (H2SO4+DBSA) on the morphology and properties of polyaniline (PANI) films polymerized on gold-plated PET substrates by cyclic voltammetry was investigated. SO42? and DBSA? could incorporate into PANI molecular chains in the polymerization progress. PANI doped with H2SO4 had high conductivity but poor stability in air，while PANI doped with macromolecules DBSA had high stability in air but poor conductivity. Compared with single acid，compounded acids doping could improve not only the characteristics of cyclic voltammogram of PANI in acid solution，but also its stability in air while maintaining high electrical conductivity of PANI.

The copper chromite black pigment (CuCr2O4) with spinel structure was successfully prepared by solid phase calcinations method at high temperature using copper oxide and chromium oxide as raw materials. The crystal structure，morphology and grain size of the CuCr2O4 were determined by XRD，SEM and the particle size analyzer respectively. The influence of processing parameters，such as the mixing process，the time of ball milling，calcination temperature and time of the precursor，on the crystal structure and grain size of the CuCr2O4 were studied in detail，and the effect of its tinting strength was systematically discussed by adding modifiers. The results show that high energy ball milling can effectively control the grain size and homogenization of particles in the pigment，and the tinting strength of pigment was greatly improved with the presence of NiO and CoO modifiers. The CuCr2O4 with strong tinting strength and particle size distribution uniformity was synthesized under the condition of ball milling for 10 minutes and calcination at 900 ℃ for 3 hours.

In this paper，hemicelluloses/carbon nanotube composite hydrogels was designed and successfully prepared via free-radical polymerization route initiated by (NH4)2S2O8-Na2SO3 redox systems. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of the MAA/HC ratio，the amount of carbon nanotubes and pH on the swelling ratio of prepared hydrogels were investigated，and the experimental data were fitted using the swelling kinetic equations. The results showed that the swelling ratio decreased with the increase of MAA/HC ratio and the amount of carbon nanotube. The swelling ratio increased as the pH value of the solutions increased (pH≤11)，and decreased when the pH was beyond 11. The entire swelling process could be described by the Schott second-order kinetics model.

Sulphobetaine is widely used in the fields of detergent，cosmetic and oil recovery because of its mildness，high interfacial activity，and strong capacity for tolerating the divalent cations，and so on. In this paper，the progress in the two-step synthesis technology of sulphobetaine using amine as raw material is discussed，four methods to produce the intermidate (tertiary amine) were described particularly，including halogenate-amination，catalytic amination of alcohols，formaldehyde hydrogenation and reductive amination of carbonyl compounds. The problem and the industrialization feasibility of each synthesis technology were discussed in terms of raw materials，yield，environmental protection property and practicalities. Besides，sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propanesulfonate and propane sultone used in the quaterisation of tertiary amine were compared in detail. It can be concluded that the further research shall be focused on the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds for its green property. 3-Chloro-2-hydroxy propanesulfonate is a good reagent for quaterisation.

N,N-didodecylethylenediamine was prepared via nucleophilic substitution by using ethylenediamine and 1-bromododecane. The effect of reaction conditions on the synthesis of N,N-didodecylethylenediamine was investigated experimentally. The results show that the yield of N,N-didodecylethylenediamine is 45.5% under the following reaction conditions：the molar ratio of 1-bromododecane to ethylenediamine was 2.4∶1，and the reaction was effected for 8 h at reflux temperature. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were characterized by FTIR，1H-NMR spectra and elemental anal. New application of N,N-didodecylethylenediamine as additives in lubricants was explored. The tribological properties of the N,N-didodecylethylenediamine as additives in PEG 400 were evaluated using a four-ball tester. The results show that the PB value of PEG 400 could be increased from 696 N to 862 N when the adding weight percent of N,N-didodecylethylenediamine is 2%.

An efficient，environmentally safe and low-cost novel water-based cleaning agent was successfully developed for the heavy oil foulant in kitchen ventilator. Based on the orthogonal experiment with 7 factors and 3 levels of L18 (37)，the optimal ingredients and their mass percentage of the cleaning agent are as follows：a certain anionic surfactant F 4%，APG 3.5%，AEO-91%，LAS 0.5%，sodium citrate 1%，triethanolamine 3%. Detergency of the cleaning agent and the commercial multi-purpose cleaning agent for kitchen were comparatively studied with dilution ratio of (0－10)∶1 at the temperatures of 10℃ and 30℃，respectively. It was found that the former has much higher decontamination rate than that of the latter，and its decontamination rate is still more than 90% with dilution ratio of 10∶1. The as-prepared cleaning agent from cheap industrial raw materials is applicable in a wide temperature range，with excellent comprehensive cleaning performance and simple preparation process，and shows a good application prospect.

The potassium ferrate is a new high efficient-green water treatment agent. In order to explore the economic and efficient preparation technique，the potassium ferrate was preparated by the oxidation reaction with calcium hypochlorite as the raw material. The influence of reaction time and temperature，the amount of calcium hypochlorite，recrystallization temperature and alkalinity on yield was investigated. The structure of potassium ferrate was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results show that the yield of potassium ferrate is more than 75% when reaction temperature is 25℃，reaction time is 40 min，ecrystallization temperature is 0℃ and the calcium hypochlorite dosage is 1.2 times to the theoretical value. Infrared spectroscopy structure characterization of the product indicated that the synthesized product is potassium ferrate，and it’s feasible that used calcium hypochlorite instead of sodium hypochlorite to preparate the potassium ferrate.

Fly ash is a solid pollutant generated during coal combustion. Utilization of fly ash would help reduce the environmental burden and enhance economic benefit. This paper reviewed the mechanism of fly ash formation in coal combustion，physical and chemical changes at high temperature. The composition，structure and morphology of fly ash were analyzed and the applications of fly ash were also discussed. Fly ash has been used as a low-cost adsorbent for adsorption of NOx，SOx，Hg，gaseous organic compounds and CO2 in flue gas，and heavy metals，P，F，organic compounds in waste water. The unburned carbon played an important role in the adsorption process and the adsorption capacity of fly ash can be remarkably increased with physical and chemical modifications. Fly ash has been proven to be a promising and high efficient adsorbent for the removal of various pollutants. Future research on fly ash for preparing molecular sieve applications in pollution control was proposed.

This study analyzed the configuration of some common high-loaded ANAMMOX reactors，and dissected merit and demerit of granular sludge bed reactors，including Granular sludge reactors (upflow anaerobic sludge bed，expanded granular sludge bed and gas-lift reactor)，biofilm reactors and hybrid anammox reactors. This paper also summarized detailed process control regulations，including operating conditions (load，reflux)，environmental factors(pH，temperature，dissolved oxygen and so on)，nutrients (the ratio of substrate，the concentration of Ca2+，inorganic carbon) inhibitors and microorganism (the source of sludge，dominant species，aggregation，biomass and the activity). The key factor of extensive application of the high-loaded ANAMMOX reactors is overcoming the barrier of complex wastewater and regulating reaction conditions at low ambient temperature.

In this work，the research progress in HCl removal technology using Ca-based sorbents was summarized. The dechlorination characteristics of various Ca-based sorbents and different methods to improve sorbent performance were introduced. The influence of Ca/Cl molar ratio，reaction temperature，particle size，reaction atmosphere on the dechlorination of Ca-based sorbents was also discussed. The research emphases should be focused on the mechanism of dechlorination reactions and the solutions to key problems，such as low dechlorination efficiency. In addition，the necessity of HCl removal was discussed in the process of biomass gasification reforming for the hydrogen production coupling with CO2 capture using Ca-based sorbents. The possible effect of HCl on cyclic CO2 capture by Ca-based sorbents was proposed. Furthermore，the competitive reaction rules and interaction mechanisms between HCl and CO2 with Ca-based sorbents and their cooperative control method should be investigated. It is significantly important to simultaneously capture CO2 and HCl in the biomass gasification reforming for hydrogen production.

Based on the fouling prevention and anti-corrosion effect of online evaluation experiment in water treatment，the influence of the electromagnetic field on fouling resistance and typical water quality parameters was investigated. The relationship between typical water quality parameters and fouling resistance was quantitatively expressed using the correlative degree analysis and balanced adjacent degree. The results showed that in the forming process of fouling on the surface of heat exchangers in electromagnetic field，conductivity，dissolved oxygen，and turbidity were higher than contrast experiments and the pH value was lower. The analysis of the variation of water quality parameters showed that the water quality parameters correlated to the fouling in electromagnetic field. Conductivity had greatest impact on the fouling resistance of the heat exchangers，and pH had the least influence. Conductivity，turbidity，dissolved oxygen were more suitable for constructing the mathematical model of water quality parameters and fouling resistance. This method provided the experimental and theoretical basis for the suitable selection of mathematical model of water quality parameters and fouling resistance，mechanism of electromagnetic anti-fouling technology and effective measures for fouling prevention.

This paper presented the dynamic simulation of an experimental facility of shell-and-tube recirculating cooling water. Under the experimental conditions of the constant water temperature and velocity，simulate the fouling situation in the stainless steel tube was simulated at the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron bacteria in recirculating cooling water system. The relevance between water quality parameters and fouling formation，such as Fe2+ concentration，COD and the total number of bacteria was obtained. The results showed that sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron bacteria were the main reasons of the fouling resistance increase. Iron bacteria provided anaerobic conditions for the breeding of sulfate-reducing bacteria，accelerating the formation of bio-fouling，and the interaction among various parameters codetermined the feature of bio-fouling. Analysis of water quality parameters showed that the concentrations of Fe2+ and sulfate directly affected the number of iron bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria，thereby affecting the amount of wall slime. In addition，pH，COD and ammonia were also closely related to other bio-fouling formation factors，such as SRB and IB breeding metabolism.

Preconditioning is an important process in the seawater desalination. Traditional seawater desalinization uses quartz sand as the filter material，which has disadvantages of low velocity jamming，and short filtration period. This paper investigated seawater filtration process using fiber ball and comet fiber filter. The results showed that turbidity of effluent was below 5.0 NTU with quartz sand particle size 0.45—0.6 mm at seawater velocity of 15 m/h. When the velocity of seawater was increased to 20 m/h，filtration period was shorted to 2 hours because of the rapid increase of head loss. At velocity of 20 m/h，stable effluent quality and the filtration cycle was as high as 50 h. With the large surface area，low resistance and large pollution-carrying capacity，fiber filter material performed more effectively in seawater purification.

In order to improve the treatment efficiency of wastewater，the functional strains were isolated and strained when glucose，soluble starch，sodium acetate，edible oil，glycine and bovine serum albumin were applied as the sole carbon and energy source，respectively. The microbial agent was constructed based on the further combination and the bioaugmentation performance of the microbial agent was investigated in the lab-scale SBRs. The dominant function strains obtained were the glucose metabolism bacteria P1 and P3，the soluble starch metabolism bacteria K2 and K4，the sodium acetate metabolism bacteria C2 and C3，the edible oil metabolism bacteria Z1 and Z2，the bovine serum albumin metabolism bacteria N1 and N3 and the glycine metabolism bacteria G1 and G4，respectively. The optimal mixing ratio of the functional flora was Z∶P∶G∶K∶N∶C=2∶3∶5∶1∶4∶2. Compared with the system without bioaugmentation SBR，removal efficiencies of COD，TOC，NH4+-N and TN in the sewage of bioaugmented system with the microbial agent and activated sludge were improved by 31.82%，16.71%，56.06% and 70.56%，respectively. The bioaugmentation technology improved significantly the performance and stability of the biochemical processing system as well as the biodiversity and the resistance to shock loadings by dosing the microbial agent.

Chromium(Ⅵ) is one of the important pollutants in water resources with strong oxidation and migration abilitys. In this paper，the performance of removing chromium(Ⅵ) and its fixation by hematite (α-Fe2O3) was studied. Addition of hematite，adsorption time，chromium(Ⅵ) solution concentration and pH value of the solution would affect the removal of Cr(Ⅵ). Adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic calculations showed that removal of chromium(Ⅵ) mainly depended on adsorption，which was surface adsorption and particle diffusion. Cr(Ⅵ) could be fixed by roasting hematite after adsorption，thus reducing its migration. No desorption occurred with roasting above 800 ℃. XRD，SEM characterization indicated?that no new phase appeared after hematite absorbed Cr(Ⅵ)，instead Cr(Ⅵ) was enclosed in hematite through surface shrinkage and densification. With maximum adsorption capacity of 4.80 mg/g and producing no secondary pollution，hematite is a kind of good environmental friendly mineral materials for fixing pollutants.

The influence of reaction time，system pH and dosage of catalyst on degradation of methylene blue in water by microwave induced oxidation of Birrnessite was studied. Reaction mechanism was determined based on powder X-ray diffraction (XRD)，infrared spectroscopy (IR) and UV-visible spectroscopy (Uv-vis). The optimum reaction conditions were：400 W microwave irradiatione of 50 mL 500 mg/L methylene blue solution with 0.1 g Birnessite for 30 min and static adsorption for 5h，achieving degradation efficiency of 99.7%. Birnessite was oxidized to form reactive MnO4? by microwave irradiation，which degraded MB into small molecules.

Supercritical water gasification of lignite and sediment (independent and co-gasification） for hydrogen production were investigated in a batch autoclave under different conditions，including different feedstocks. The effect of different mixed ratio，i.e. 1∶9，2∶8，3∶7，4∶6，5∶5，on hydrogen production were also investigated. The results indicated that the gasification of sediment is a process with a rich composition of hydrogen，high recovery of gaseous products but low gasification yields；meanwhile，the gasification of lignite is one with high carbon gasification efficiency and high gasification yields. Although the gaseous yields of lignite gasification were lower than that of sediment，it was increased to 834 mL/g under co-gasification. The obvious synergistic effect on carbon gasification efficiency and hydrogen production were observed in co-gasification process. Carbon gasification efficiency and hydrogen yield were 3.12% and 55 mL/g respectively，higher than that in terms of average value. The optimal ratio existed in co-gasification；when it is beyond 3∶7，carbon gasification efficiency declined. Therefore，co-gasification under optimal ratio not only could achieve effective sediment disposal，but also obtain high gaseous yields about 350 mL/g H2 and 113 mL/g CH4.

The utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer in the whole life of plant is only 10%—25%. By analyzing the research progress in the literatures，it indicates that the phosphorus is easily fixed in soils，including adsorption fixation and chemical reaction fixation. The amount of phosphorus fixed is determined by the content of calcium carbonate，iron oxide，aluminum oxide，clay and the initial concentration of phosphorus in soils. Most of phosphorus is fixed in adsorption fixation in early period，which lasts several hours to tens of hours. In later period，chemical reaction fixation occurs mainly and lasts a few months to a few years，which results in phosphorus unavailable to plants. The dynamics of the entire fixation period can be described by Elovich equation. For reducing the amount of phosphorus fixed，an efficient way is to reduce the concentration of phosphorus in soils. By using the fixation data from the red soil in Shenxian (in Zhejiang province，China)，together with the research data on the phosphorus uptake of cole，the release，the fixation and the plants uptake of phosphorus are quantitatively analyzed. The calculation result based on the established mathematical model indicates that the consumption amount of fertilizer can be greatly reduced and utilization efficiency can be increased by fertilizing the mixed DAP and controlled released DAP，compared with that by fertilizing DAP only.

Lead paste from spent lead-acid battery was produced by hydrometallurgy process in citric acid solution. The small size of lead citrate，the precursor of the process made it difficult to be filtered from the liquid mixture. The crystallization process of lead citrate was controlled by ultrasound. The products were characterized by means of XRD，TG-DTA and SEM before and after the treatment of ultrasound. The results indicated that morphology of lead citrate changed from crystal flakes to columnar with draw ratio about 8∶1，and the length of crystal ranged from 20 μm to 50 μm. The crystal size of lead citrate before ultrasound treatment is less than 5 μm. Therefore，ultrasound treatment can efficiently control the crystal morphology of lead citrate resulting in improvement of the filter performance of lead citrate precursor and the conversion ratio of lead paste in hydrometallurgical processes.

The vacuum residue oil produced in the vacuum distillation unit of Tahe Petrochemical meets the asphalt index requirements for the production of Grade A asphalt. The main problems in current process include low and fluctuating flash point of the vacuum residue，and excessive asphantene and heavy metal contents in gas oil fraction，affecting normal production of Grade A grade asphalt. The operating data in production of atmospheric and vacuum distillation of Tahe Petrochemical were collected and investigated. The comparison of process data and product separation accuracy between simulation and calibration was carried out by establishing a process simulation model. The flash point of vacuum residue was analyzed to solve the problem of residue being unqualified asphalt feed. Moreover，hydraulics calculation of the vacuum tower was performed by using of SULPAK3.0. The structural influences on the separation accuracy of vacuum distillation were analyzed. Prospective strategies of operation optimization in the production of Grade A asphalt were proposed.

The binder of HPU-B developed by Henan Polytechnic University is mixed into the powder of Yaojie oil shale as a binder to make 200t spherical oil shale in the company of Yaojie oil shale in Gansu，which is used to replace nubby oil shale for industrial test in Shenmu SJ quadrate furnace. The results show that furnace runs perfect，carbocoal can be scraped out from cistern easily，and the spherical oil shale can meet the requirement of Shenmu SJ quadrate furnace，but the ratio of residual oil is relatively high in carbocoal. Spherical oil shale can replace nubby oil shale for carbonization after adjusting some parameters of molding process and destructive distillation.

Process technology，supply，demand，and market price in china were reviewed. The problems on supply and demand，the main factors on market price change were analyzed. The development trend of the market is predicted. Hazard and environmental protection for PX production were analyzed. In addition，PX industry was analyzed from raw materials，process technology，supply and demand，industry distribution and the difference between regional economic development goal and the wishes of local residents. At last，some proposals were put forward for the development of domestic PX industry as diversifying raw materials and investment，promoting industrial balanced development; developing new technology; overall planning，arranging industrial plants reasonably，and establishing integrated site or industrial park; forming a global industry chain; guiding the public opinion，making decision scientifically.