Abstract: This is a summary on progress in the preparation of supported nanoscale metal catalysts via supercritical fluid deposition. Taking advantage of supercritical fluids with nearly zero surface tension，gas-like diffusion coefficient，low viscosity，liquid-like high solvent efficiency and adjustability，many authors have successfully prepared the metal nanoparticles supported on porous materials. In terms of dissolution，adsorption and reduction of metal precursors during supercritical fluid deposition，recently reported achievements are summarized and discussed，especially regarding solubility，adsorption thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics. In addition，the improvement on metal utilization rate，particle size control and dispersity confronted in the fabrication of metal nanocomposites by the supercritical fluid deposition are discussed.

Key words: supercritical fluid deposition, supported metal catalyst, dissolution, adsorption, reduction, supercritical fluid deposition, supported metal catalyst, dissolution, adsorption, reduction

摘要： 综述了近年来超临界流体沉积技术在制备负载型金属纳米催化剂方面的应用及研究进展，介绍了近年来学者们利用超临界流体特殊的溶剂化特征、近乎于零的表面张力、高扩散系数、低黏度、易调变等优势，制备负载型金属纳米催化剂的研究成果。主要从超临界流体沉积过程中金属前驱盐的溶解、吸附、还原3个方面分别进行了阐述。集中讨论了对沉积效果影响显著的溶解度、吸附热力学、扩散动力学以及还原方法等问题。此外，还针对目前超临界流体沉积技术在制备金属纳米复合材料中所遇到的提高金属利用率、颗粒尺寸控制、分散性等焦点问题进行了讨论。

关键词: 超临界流体沉积, 负载型金属催化剂, 溶解, 吸附, 还原, 超临界流体沉积, 负载型金属催化剂, 溶解, 吸附, 还原