Abstract: Fly ash is a solid pollutant generated during coal combustion. Utilization of fly ash would help reduce the environmental burden and enhance economic benefit. This paper reviewed the mechanism of fly ash formation in coal combustion，physical and chemical changes at high temperature. The composition，structure and morphology of fly ash were analyzed and the applications of fly ash were also discussed. Fly ash has been used as a low-cost adsorbent for adsorption of NOx，SOx，Hg，gaseous organic compounds and CO2 in flue gas，and heavy metals，P，F，organic compounds in waste water. The unburned carbon played an important role in the adsorption process and the adsorption capacity of fly ash can be remarkably increased with physical and chemical modifications. Fly ash has been proven to be a promising and high efficient adsorbent for the removal of various pollutants. Future research on fly ash for preparing molecular sieve applications in pollution control was proposed.

Key words: Fly ash, Flue gas treatment, Wastewater treatment, Absorbent, fly ash, flue gas treatment, wastewater treatment, adsorbent

摘要： 能源转化过程中煤炭燃烧产生大量粉煤灰，如何通过减少其对生态环境造成的负担和提高其经济效益实现粉煤灰资源化利用，已成为了国内外研究的热点。本文综述了煤粉在高温燃烧过程中经过物理和化学变化形成粉煤灰的原理，分析了粉煤灰组成、结构和形貌，阐述了其主要利用途径。重点介绍了粉煤灰作为廉价吸附剂，在脱除烟气中SOx、NOx、Hg、有机气体、CO2以及脱除废水中重金属离子、P和F及有机化合物（如酚类、农药、染料、石油烃类有机污染物）等应用。许多研究证实粉煤灰中未燃烧的炭在吸附污染物过程中起到重要作用，通过物理和化学处理改性后可明显提高粉煤灰的吸附性能。粉煤灰在烟气和废水污染物控制方面应用前景良好，利用粉煤灰制备分子筛进行污染物处理将是今后粉煤灰发展的重要方向。

关键词: 粉煤灰, 烟气治理, 污水净化, 吸附剂, 粉煤灰, 烟气治理, 污水净化, 吸附剂