Preparation of building ceramsite from food waste digestate residues, incineration fly ash and sludge biochar

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0664

Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 1039-1050.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0664

• Resources and environmental engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles

Preparation of building ceramsite from food waste digestate residues, incineration fly ash and sludge biochar

WANG Yu¹^,²(), YU Guangwei¹^,³(), LIN Jiajia¹^,², LI Changjiang¹^,⁴, JIANG Ruqing¹, XING Zhenjiao¹, YU Cheng⁵

^1.CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3.Fujian Municipal Solid Waste Resource Recovery Technology Research Center, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
^4.College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
^5.Fujian Academy of Building Research Co. , Ltd. , Fuzhou 350199, Fujian, China

Received:2022-04-14 Revised:2022-06-28 Online:2023-03-13 Published:2023-02-25
Contact: YU Guangwei

沼渣、飞灰和污泥生物炭制备建筑陶粒

王玉¹^,²(), 余广炜¹^,³(), 林佳佳¹^,², 黎长江¹^,⁴, 江汝清¹, 邢贞娇¹, 余铖⁵

^1.中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院城市污染物转化重点实验室，福建厦门 361021
^2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
^3.福建省城市固体废弃物资源化工程技术研究中心，福建厦门 361021
^4.福建农林大学生命科学学院，福建福州 350002
^5.福建省建筑科学研究院有限责任公司，福建福州 350108

通讯作者: 余广炜
作者简介:王玉(1996—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为固体废弃物资源化利用与污染物控制。E-mail：yuwang@iue.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1908904);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA23020504);福建省自然科学基金(2019J01135);福建省STS项目(2021T3069)

Abstract

Abstract:

Hydrothermal filter cake, produced from 90% food waste digestate residues and 10% incineration fly ash, was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar (DFC). The DFC was used together with sludge biochar (SSC) as raw materials for proportioning and sintering to prepare high-strength building ceramsite to realize the resource utilization of solid waste. The performance testing was according to national standard GB/T17431.1—2010. BCR morphological analysis and potential ecological risk indexes were used to assess its safety. The results showed that all the performance indicators of the building ceramsite prepared by DFC and SSC in the ratio of 25%∶75% at a sintering temperature of 1050℃ comply with the national standard GB/T17431.1—2010, including compressive strength greater than 5.85MPa (density class 900), bulk density less than 1050kg/m³, apparent density less than 2000kg/ m³, chloride content less than 0.02%, and sulphide and sulphate content less than 1%. The leaching toxicity of heavy metals was lower than the threshold values of national standard GB 5085.3—2007, and the main fraction of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb is F4 fraction, accounting for more than 70% of the total, while the potential ecological risk index indicates that the safety of heavy metals in building ceramics was high and belongs to low risk. Through economic calculation, it could be seen that every 1t of construction ceramics produced could generate an additional income of about 2000—2500CNY, so this study had a broad application market and prospect, and was also one of the effective ways to achieve the resourcefulness, reduction and harmless disposal of DR, FA and SSC.

Key words: food waste digestate residues, incineration fly ash, sludge biochar, building ceramsite, heavy metals

摘要：

以90%（质量分数）餐厨厌氧沼渣（DR）与10%（质量分数）飞灰（FA）协同水热脱水滤饼为研究对象，将其热解制备得到的沼渣生物炭（DFC）与污泥生物炭（SSC）按比例混合造粒并经高温烧结制备高强度建筑陶粒以实现废弃物资源化利用。按国家标准GB/T 17431.1—2010进行性能检测，并解析BCR形态和潜在生态风险指标，评估其安全性。结果表明，DFC与SSC按照25%∶75%比例混合造粒，在1050℃烧结温度下制备得到的建筑陶粒各项性能指标均符合国家标准GB/T 17431.1—2010，其中抗压强度大于5.85MPa（密度等级为900级），堆积密度小于1050kg/m³，表观密度小于2000kg/m³，氯化物含量低于0.02%，硫化物和硫酸盐含量低于1%；建筑陶粒中重金属浸出毒性低于国家标准GB 5085.3—2007的阈值。BCR形态分析表明Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb的主要存在形式为稳定形式残渣态（F4）态，占比均超过70%；重金属潜在生态风险指数较低，产品安全性较高，属于轻微风险。通过经济性核算可知，每生产1t的建筑陶粒将会额外产生2000~2500元左右的收益，因此本研究具有广阔的应用市场和前景，同时也是实现DR、FA、SSC三种废弃物资源化、减量化和无害化处置的有效途径之一。

关键词: 餐厨厌氧沼渣, 焚烧飞灰, 污泥生物炭, 建筑陶粒, 重金属

CLC Number:

X705

WANG Yu, YU Guangwei, LIN Jiajia, LI Changjiang, JIANG Ruqing, XING Zhenjiao, YU Cheng. Preparation of building ceramsite from food waste digestate residues, incineration fly ash and sludge biochar[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 1039-1050.

王玉, 余广炜, 林佳佳, 黎长江, 江汝清, 邢贞娇, 余铖. 沼渣、飞灰和污泥生物炭制备建筑陶粒[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 1039-1050.

Figures/Tables 12

References 39

1	国家统计局. 全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报[J]. 中国统计年鉴, 2020.
	National Bureau of Statistics. Annual report on environmental prevention and control of solid waste pollution in large and medium-sized cities[J]. China Statistical Yearbook, 2020.
2	王晓君, 温文霞, 潘松青, 等. 辅料比例对餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥及微生物特性的影响[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(6): 3215-3222.
	WANG Xiaojun, WEN Wenxia, PAN Songqing, et al. Influence of conditioner proportion on aerobic composting of food waste and microbial characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2016, 10(6): 3215-3222.
3	王蕊, 邰俊, 赵由才, 等. 餐厨垃圾资源化衍生品的堆肥中试实验[J]. 环境工程学报, 2021, 15(9): 3012-3019.
	WANG Rui, TAI Jun, ZHAO Youcai, et al. Pilot plant test of composting for food waste resource derivatives[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2021, 15(9): 3012-3019.
4	张黎阳. 餐厨垃圾厌氧消化后沼渣的好氧堆肥优化研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2020.
	ZHANG Liyang. Study on optimization of compost of food waste anaerobic digestion residue[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2020.
5	SONG Shuang, Jun Wei LIM, LEE Jonathan T E, et al. Food-waste anaerobic digestate as a fertilizer: The agronomic properties of untreated digestate and biochar-filtered digestate residue[J]. Waste Management (New York, N Y), 2021, 136: 143-152.
6	BUSTAMANTE M A, RESTREPO A P, ALBURQUERQUE J A, et al. Recycling of anaerobic digestates by composting: Effect of the bulking agent used[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013, 47: 61-69.
7	KRATZEISEN Martin, STARCEVIC Nikica, MARTINOV Milan, et al. Applicability of biogas digestate as solid fuel[J]. Fuel, 2010, 89(9): 2544-2548.
8	雷赵民, 窦学诚, 张浩, 等. 饲料中添加沼渣对猪的肥育效果及经济效益评价[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2008, 43(4): 51-54.
	LEI Zhaomin, DOU Xuecheng, ZHANG Hao, et al. Effect of biogas residue on fattening performance of pigs and its economic benefit[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2008, 43(4): 51-54.
9	李佳, 张思奇, 倪文, 等. 垃圾焚烧飞灰的固化及综合利用研究进展[J]. 金属矿山, 2019(12): 182-187.
	LI Jia, ZHANG Siqi, NI Wen, et al. Research progress on solidification and comprehensive utilization of MSWI fly ash[J]. Metal Mine, 2019(12): 182-187.
10	SUN Yuehui, LI Jiangshan, CHEN Zhen, et al. Production of lightweight aggregate ceramsite from red mud and municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash: Mechanism and optimization[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 287: 122993.
11	QIN Juan, CUI Chong, CUI Xiaoyu, et al. Preparation and characterization of ceramsite from lime mud and coal fly ash[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 95: 10-17.
12	MI Hongcheng, YI Longsheng, WU Qian, et al. Preparation of high-strength ceramsite from red mud, fly ash, and bentonite[J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(13): 18218-18229.
13	林佳佳, 邹晓燕, 王玉, 等. 污泥辅助飞灰水热-热解处置产物制备陶粒[J]. 环境工程学报, 2021, 15(8): 2730-2739.
	LIN Jiajia, ZOU Xiaoyan, WANG Yu, et al. Preparation of ceramsites with fly ash originated from sewage sludge-assisted hydrothermal coupled pyrolysis process[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2021, 15(8): 2730-2739.
14	李杰, 潘兰佳, 余广炜, 等. 污泥生物炭制备吸附陶粒[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(9): 3970-3978.
	LI Jie, PAN Lanjia, YU Guangwei, et al. Preparation of adsorption ceramsite derived from sludge biochar[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(9): 3970-3978.
15	CHEN Zhan, YU Guangwei, WANG Yin, et al. Fate of heavy metals during co-disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and sewage sludge by hydrothermal coupling pyrolysis process[J]. Waste Management (New York, N Y), 2020, 109: 28-37.
16	CHEN Zhan, YU Guangwei, ZOU Xiaoyan, et al. Co-disposal of incineration fly ash and sewage sludge via hydrothermal treatment combined with pyrolysis: Cl removal and PCDD/F detoxification[J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 260: 127632.
17	WANG Yu, YU Guangwei, LIN Jiajia, et al. Synergistic hydrothermal treatment of food waste digestate residues and incineration fly ash: Dehydration performance and heavy metals safety[J]. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, 2022, 7(8): 1797-1806.
18	王兴栋, 张斌, 余广炜, 等. 不同粒径污泥热解制备生物炭及其特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(11): 4808-4816.
	WANG Xingdong, ZHANG Bin, YU Guangwei, et al. Preparation of biochar with different particle sized sewage sludge and its characteristics[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(11): 4808-4816.
19	LI Jie, YU Guangwei, XIE Shengyu, et al. Immobilization of heavy metals in ceramsite produced from sewage sludge biochar[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 628: 131-140.
20	HUANG Huajun, YUAN Xingzhong. The migration and transformation behaviors of heavy metals during the hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 200: 991-998.
21	王玉, 余广炜, 江汝清, 等. 粒径对餐厨沼渣热解制备生物炭中磷和重金属的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(10): 5344-5353.
	WANG Yu, YU Guangwei, JIANG Ruqing, et al. Effect of particle size on phosphorus and heavy metals during the preparation of biochar from food waste biogas residue[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(10): 5344-5353.
22	Chanaka Udayanga W D, VEKSHA Andrei, GIANNIS Apostolos, et al. Insights into the speciation of heavy metals during pyrolysis of industrial sludge[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 691: 232-242.
23	岳敏, 岳钦艳, 李仁波, 等. 城市污水厂污泥制备陶粒滤料及其特性[J]. 过程工程学报, 2008, 8(5): 972-977.
	YUE Min, YUE Qinyan, LI Renbo, et al. Preparation and characterization of keramzite from municipal sewage sludge[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2008, 8(5): 972-977.
24	LI Chunxing, XIE Shengyu, WANG Yu, et al. Multi-functional biochar preparation and heavy metal immobilization by co-pyrolysis of livestock feces and biomass waste[J]. Waste Management (New York, N Y), 2021, 134: 241-250.
25	XIE Shengyu, YU Guangwei, LI Chunxing, et al. Dewaterability enhancement and heavy metals immobilization by pig manure biochar addition during hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, 26(16): 16537-16547.
26	XIE Shengyu, YU Guangwei, LI Chunxing, et al. Treatment of high-ash industrial sludge for producing improved char with low heavy metal toxicity[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2020, 150: 104866.
27	RILEY Charles M. Relation of chemical properties to the bloating of clays[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1951, 34(4): 121-128.
28	刘亚东, 杨鼎宜, 贾宇婷, 等. 超轻污泥陶粒的研制及其内部结构特征分析[J]. 混凝土, 2014(6): 65-68.
	LIU Yadong, YANG Dingyi, JIA Yuting, et al. Preparation of ultra-lightweight sludge ceramsite and analysis of its inner-structure characteristics[J]. Concrete, 2014(6): 65-68.
29	CHEN Tao, YAN Bo. Fixation and partitioning of heavy metals in slag after incineration of sewage sludge[J]. Waste Management, 2012, 32(5): 957-964.
30	WANG Xuexue, JI Guozhao, ZHU Kongyun, et al. Integrated thermal behavior and compounds transition mechanism of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash during thermal treatment process[J]. Chemosphere, 2021, 264: 128406.
31	CRANNELL Bradley S, Taylor EIGHMY T, KRZANOWSKI James E, et al. Heavy metal stabilization in municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash using soluble phosphate[J]. Waste Management, 2000, 20(2/3): 135-148.
32	NZIHOU Ange, SHARROCK Patrick. Calcium phosphate stabilization of fly ash with chloride extraction[J]. Waste Management, 2002, 22(2): 235-239.
33	杨珊珊. 城市污水处理厂污泥固化及制备陶粒初探[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2015.
	YANG Shanshan. Sewage sludge curing experiment and preparation of ceramsite[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2015.
34	XU G R, ZOU J L, LI G B. Effect of sintering temperature on the characteristics of sludge ceramsite[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 150(2): 394-400.
35	ZHAO Hailong, LIU Fang, LIU Hanqiao, et al. Comparative life cycle assessment of two ceramsite production technologies for reusing municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash in China[J]. Waste Management (New York, N Y), 2020, 113: 447-455.
36	ZHAO Lina, HU Min, MUSLIM Halimi, et al. Co-utilization of lake sediment and blue-green algae for porous lightweight aggregate (ceramsite) production[J]. Chemosphere, 2022, 287(Pt 2): 132145.
37	WANG Kuen-Sheng, CHIANG Kung-Yuh, LIN Shin-Ming, et al. Effects of chlorides on emissions of toxic compounds in waste incineration: Study on partitioning characteristics of heavy metal[J]. Chemosphere, 1999, 38(8): 1833-1849.
38	LU Peng, HUANG Qunxing, BOURTSALAS A C, et al. Review on fate of chlorine during thermal processing of solid wastes[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 78: 13-28.
39	李惠娴, 李寿德, 杨寰宇, 等. 同心聚力共谋行业绿色发展(二)——2021年陶粒产业调研报告[J]. 砖瓦, 2021(12): 51-56.
	LI Huixian, LI Shoude, YANG Huanyu, et al. 2021 ceramsite industry research report(Ⅱ)[J]. Brick-Tile, 2021(12): 51-56.

温度/℃	0∶100%	25%∶75%	50%∶50%	75%∶25%	100%∶0
1050	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1100	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1150	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC010-1050
1200	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1250	DFC00-1250	DFC25-1250	DFC50-1250	DFC75-1250	DFC100-1250
1300	DFC00-1300	DFC25-1300	DFC50-1300	DFC75-1300	DFC100-1300

温度/℃	0∶100%	25%∶75%	50%∶50%	75%∶25%	100%∶0
1050	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1100	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1150	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC010-1050
1200	DFC00-1050	DFC25-1050	DFC50-1050	DFC75-1050	DFC100-1050
1250	DFC00-1250	DFC25-1250	DFC50-1250	DFC75-1250	DFC100-1250
1300	DFC00-1300	DFC25-1300	DFC50-1300	DFC75-1300	DFC100-1300

序号	形态	实验步骤
F1	弱酸提取态	称取0.500g过100目干燥样品于50mL离心管中，加入20mL 0.11mol/L的乙酸溶液，在25℃、200r/min的条件下震荡16h后离心（8000r/min）20min，过滤、定容存于4℃保存待测
F2	可还原态	取上一步样品在75℃干燥至近干后加入20mL 0.5mol/L的氯化羟铵溶液，与上一步同样条件下震荡、离心、过滤、定容后存于4℃保存待测
F3	可氧化态	取上一步样品在75℃干燥后加入5mL 30%的H₂O₂溶液（为防止反应过于激烈，分两次加入），静置1h后在85℃条件下静置1h，然后再加入5mL H₂O₂同样在85℃条件下待近干后加入25mL浓度为1mol/L的乙酸铵溶液，与上一步同样条件下震荡、离心、过滤、定容后存于4℃保存待测
F4	残渣态	取上一步残留样品干燥后进行消解，消解过程与重金属总量测试相同

序号	形态	实验步骤
F1	弱酸提取态	称取0.500g过100目干燥样品于50mL离心管中，加入20mL 0.11mol/L的乙酸溶液，在25℃、200r/min的条件下震荡16h后离心（8000r/min）20min，过滤、定容存于4℃保存待测
F2	可还原态	取上一步样品在75℃干燥至近干后加入20mL 0.5mol/L的氯化羟铵溶液，与上一步同样条件下震荡、离心、过滤、定容后存于4℃保存待测
F3	可氧化态	取上一步样品在75℃干燥后加入5mL 30%的H₂O₂溶液（为防止反应过于激烈，分两次加入），静置1h后在85℃条件下静置1h，然后再加入5mL H₂O₂同样在85℃条件下待近干后加入25mL浓度为1mol/L的乙酸铵溶液，与上一步同样条件下震荡、离心、过滤、定容后存于4℃保存待测
F4	残渣态	取上一步残留样品干燥后进行消解，消解过程与重金属总量测试相同

C_f	单一重金属污染程度	E_r	单项潜在生态风险系数	IR	潜在生态风险程度
C_f≤1	极低	E_r≤40	低	IR≤150	轻微
1<C_f≤3	低	40<E_r≤80	中	150<IR≤300	中等
3<C_f≤6	中	80<E_r≤160	较高	300<IR≤600	较高
6<C_f≤9	较高	160<E_r≤320	高	IR>600	高
C_f>9	高	E_r>320	很高

Preparation of building ceramsite from food waste digestate residues, incineration fly ash and sludge biochar

沼渣、飞灰和污泥生物炭制备建筑陶粒

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 39

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

样品	工业分析质量分数/%			元素分析质量分数/%
样品	灰分	挥发分	固定碳	C	H	N	S	H/C	N/C
DR	53.17	45.25	1.58	17.57	2.43	2.37	1.19	1.66	0.12
FA	85.41	11.08	3.51	2.21	0.04	0.30	3.30	0.22	0.12
DFC	95.91	3.72	0.37	9.70	0.91	0.47	1.19	1.13	0.04
SSC	90.17	5.70	4.13	3.15	0.81	0.01	0.72	3.09	0.00
样品	Na₂O	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	P₂O₅	SO₃	Cl	K₂O	CaO
DR	1.16	2.22	2.5	2.19	9.50	3.67	0.78	0.56	36.53
FA	13.20	1.06	1.17	4.86	0.46	7.07	25.84	5.60	36.90
DFC	2.12	2.02	2.54	3.52	10.72	4.33	6.57	1.57	48.39
SSC	1.59	8.55	15.94	23.57	0.22	0.40	1.00	1.05	6.87

样品	Cl/%	SO₃/%
DFC00-1050	0.001	0.125
DFC00-1100	0.000	0.569
DFC25-1050	0.001	0.090
DFC25-1100	0.000	0.569
DFC25-1150	0.001	0.515
DFC50-1200	0.001	0.409
DFC50-1250	0.001	0.323
DFC75-1300	0.002	0.688
DFC100-1300	0.030	1.414

样品	重金属浸出量/mg·L^-1
样品	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb
DFC00-1050	0.003	1.060	17.572	10.971	0.040	0.000
DFC00-1100	0.361	0.033	0.304	1.129	0.078	0.000
DFC25-1050	0.003	0.857	6.257	7.988	0.033	0.000
DFC25-1100	0.135	0.229	3.057	2.989	0.102	0.000
DFC25-1150	0.058	0.291	3.142	2.350	0.106	0.000
DFC50-1200	0.051	0.122	0.464	1.362	0.042	0.000
DFC50-1250	0.010	0.053	1.636	0.883	0.033	0.000
DFC75-1300	0.614	0.074	0.172	1.042	0.114	0.000
DFC100-1300	0.483	0.004	0.000	0.014	0.008	0.000
阈值	15	5	100	100	5	5

[1]	LI Shilin, HU Jingze, WANG Yilin, WANG Qingji, SHAO Lei. Research progress in separation and extraction of high value components by electrodialysis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 420-429.
[2]	LI Zhiyuan, HUANG Yaji, ZHAO Jiaqi, YU Mengzhu, ZHU Zhicheng, CHENG Haoqiang, SHI Hao, WANG Sheng. Characterization of heavy metals during co-pyrolysis of sludge with PVC [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4947-4956.
[3]	ZHENG Xin, JIA Li, WANG Yanlin, ZHANG Jingchao, CHEN Shihu, QIAO Xiaolei, FAN Baoguo. Effect of sewage sludge mixed with coal slime on heavy metal retention characteristics [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(6): 3233-3241.
[4]	LI Weihua, WU Yinkai, SUN Yingjie, YIN Junquan, XIN Mingxue, ZHAO Youjie. Progress on evaluation methods for toxic leaching of heavy metals from MSW incineration fly ash [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2666-2677.
[5]	WANG Yu, YU Guangwei, JIANG Ruqing, LI Changjiang, LIN Jiajia, XING Zhenjiao. Adsorption of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride by biochar from food waste digestate residues [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(4): 2160-2170.
[6]	LI Jingjing, ZHAO Yao, XU Fengchi, LI Kangjian. Heavy metal leaching characteristics of porous asphalt mixture containing MSWI-BAA under different stormwater runoff flow rates [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5520-5530.
[7]	TANG Chaochun, WANG Shunteng, HUANG Congxin, FENG Wentao, RUAN Yixuan, SHI Chunjing. Research progress on adsorption of heavy metal ions in water by mesoporous metal organic framework materials [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(6): 3263-3278.
[8]	FU Jie, QIU Chunsheng, WANG Chenchen, ZHENG Jinxin, LIU Nannan, WANG Dong, WANG Shaopo, SUN Liping. Migration, transformation and risk assessment of heavy metals in municipal sludge treated by thermal hydrolysis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(4): 2216-2225.
[9]	WEN Qianmin, QIN Yongli, ZHENG Junjian, WEI Qiaoyan, ZHANG Yuanyuan, JIANG Yongrong. Research advances in the fixation of heavy metals in acid mine wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(10): 5578-5587.
[10]	HUANG Congxin, WANG Shunteng, FAN Yuying, JIAN Meipeng, TANG Chaochun, LIU Ruiping. Advance of ultrathin 2D porous nanosheets in water treatment [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(12): 6859-6875.
[11]	ZHU Zihan, CHEN Weihua, HUA Yinfeng, ZHANG Haitao, ZHAO Youcai, GUO Yanyan, DAI Shijin. Research progress and consideration on medicament stabilization of heavy metals in waste incineration fly ash [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(11): 6358-6368.
[12]	Bin XU, Changxuan HE, Yanjun HU, Linjie WANG, Yonghao ZHU, Xin QIAO. [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S2): 406-412.
[13]	Yangyang MA, Zhaoping ZHONG, Xudong LAI. Enrichment of heavy metals during coal combustion by mineral additives [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(6): 2479-2486.
[14]	Dong YU, Qing LUO, Wei SU, Liangliang WANG, Yuwei SUN, Zhongguo ZHANG. A review on research and application of electrodeposition for heavy metal wastewater treatment [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(5): 1938-1949.
[15]	Yan WANG,Ning ZUO,Yuanyuan JIANG,Fangyuan CHEN. Behavior and environmental effects of nitrogen and sulfur in sludge biochar [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(4): 1539-1549.

样品	C_f						E_r						RI
样品	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	RI
DFC00-1050	0.00	0.15	0.33	0.37	0.11	0.03	0.00	0.90	1.64	0.37	1.09	0.14	4.13
DFC00-1100	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.28	0.13	0.00	0.02	0.04	0.09	0.28	1.28	0.00	1.71
DFC25-1050	0.00	0.14	0.21	0.06	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.85	1.05	0.06	0.95	0.02	2.93
DFC25-1100	0.00	0.04	0.41	0.04	0.12	0.01	0.00	0.21	2.05	0.04	1.16	0.07	3.53
DFC25-1150	0.00	0.03	0.27	0.01	0.08	0.01	0.00	0.20	1.33	0.01	0.79	0.07	2.40
DFC50-1200	0.01	0.05	0.10	0.01	0.08	0.00	0.03	0.28	0.49	0.01	0.75	0.00	1.56
DFC50-1250	0.00	0.01	0.23	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.00	0.03	1.16	0.01	0.54	0.08	1.83
DFC75-1300	0.08	0.10	0.05	0.02	0.10	0.00	0.17	0.60	0.25	0.02	1.05	0.01	2.09
DFC100-1300	0.04	0.11	0.09	0.35	0.05	0.00	0.09	0.68	0.45	0.35	0.52	0.00	2.08

样品	C_f						E_r						RI
样品	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	RI
DFC00-1050	0.00	0.15	0.33	0.37	0.11	0.03	0.00	0.90	1.64	0.37	1.09	0.14	4.13
DFC00-1100	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.28	0.13	0.00	0.02	0.04	0.09	0.28	1.28	0.00	1.71
DFC25-1050	0.00	0.14	0.21	0.06	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.85	1.05	0.06	0.95	0.02	2.93
DFC25-1100	0.00	0.04	0.41	0.04	0.12	0.01	0.00	0.21	2.05	0.04	1.16	0.07	3.53
DFC25-1150	0.00	0.03	0.27	0.01	0.08	0.01	0.00	0.20	1.33	0.01	0.79	0.07	2.40
DFC50-1200	0.01	0.05	0.10	0.01	0.08	0.00	0.03	0.28	0.49	0.01	0.75	0.00	1.56
DFC50-1250	0.00	0.01	0.23	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.00	0.03	1.16	0.01	0.54	0.08	1.83
DFC75-1300	0.08	0.10	0.05	0.02	0.10	0.00	0.17	0.60	0.25	0.02	1.05	0.01	2.09
DFC100-1300	0.04	0.11	0.09	0.35	0.05	0.00	0.09	0.68	0.45	0.35	0.52	0.00	2.08