Abstract: Preconditioning is an important process in the seawater desalination. Traditional seawater desalinization uses quartz sand as the filter material，which has disadvantages of low velocity jamming，and short filtration period. This paper investigated seawater filtration process using fiber ball and comet fiber filter. The results showed that turbidity of effluent was below 5.0 NTU with quartz sand particle size 0.45—0.6 mm at seawater velocity of 15 m/h. When the velocity of seawater was increased to 20 m/h，filtration period was shorted to 2 hours because of the rapid increase of head loss. At velocity of 20 m/h，stable effluent quality and the filtration cycle was as high as 50 h. With the large surface area，low resistance and large pollution-carrying capacity，fiber filter material performed more effectively in seawater purification.

Key words: seawater desalination, pretreatment, fiber, filtration

摘要： 预处理在海水淡化过程中占有重要地位，在海水淡化的预处理工艺中，过滤过程一般不可省略，目前海水过滤工艺中应用最多的仍是传统的石英砂滤料，存在滤速低、易堵塞、过滤周期短等缺点。本文采用纤维球和彗星式纤维滤料进行直接过滤海水试验，通过与石英砂滤料对比，考察纤维滤料在海水过滤净化中的使用效果。试验结果表明：对于石英砂滤料，当滤速为15 m/h时，过滤出水浊度小于5.0 NTU；当滤速增大到20 m/h时，过滤水头损失快速增高，过滤周期仅为2 h。对于纤维滤料，当滤速为20 m/h时，过滤出水水质稳定，出水浊度小于2.0 NTU，过滤周期可达50 h以上。相对于石英砂滤料，纤维滤料在比表面积、过滤阻力、截污能力等方面都优于传统滤料，更适用于海水的高效净化处理。

关键词: 海水淡化, 预处理, 纤维滤料, 过滤