Abstract: To replace petrochemical products，coal is processed into a clean，efficient energy. The conversion is an important strategy for solving the gap between petroleum supply and demand，realizing coal cleaning utilization and guaranteeing energy security. In this paper，the heating mechanism，typical features and advantages of microwave are described. Research progress of microwave pyrolysis technology for coal is reviewed. A new possible route for processing coal by grade and clean utilization is proposed. Compared to other pyrolysis technologies，microwave pyrolysis technology could produce better coal tar，which is more suitable for producing chemical products as well as gasoline and diesel fuel. Coal gas produced by microwave has higher purity and is rich in hydrogen and methane. Microwave pyrolysis technology could be integrated with electric power plant or steel works，which is favorable to high-efficiency utilization of resources. Combining microwave pyrolysis with existing petroleum refineries，could optimize processing and utilization of products.

Key words: coal, pyrolysis, microwave, processing coal by grade, cleaning utilization

摘要： 将煤炭加工转化成洁净、高效的二次能源以替代石化产品，对于缓解石油供需矛盾、实现煤炭清洁利用、保障国家能源安全具有重要的战略意义。本文概述了微波加热的机理、特点与优势以及国内外微波加热煤干馏技术的研究进展，提出了煤分级加工及清洁化利用技术研发思路，指出与常规的煤干馏技术相比，微波干馏煤焦油的性质更好，更适合于加工生产化工产品和汽油、柴油产品。所产煤气纯度高，富含甲烷、氢等高价值组分，利于综合利用。该技术易与现有电厂、钢厂等用煤大户企业结合，形成煤分级加工及清洁利用组合体，有利于资源的高效利用。与现有石油加工企业组合，更能优化产品的加工利用方案。

关键词: 煤, 干馏, 微波, 分级加工, 清洁化利用