Abstract: Experiments of nucleate pool boiling heat transfer and physical properties of aqueous solutions were conducted with different surfactant additives，which included two ionic surfactants，sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS）and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTAB），and two nonionic surfactants，Triton X-114 and Triton X-100. The influences of molecular structures and physical properties of surfactant additives on boiling heat transfer were investigated. The results showed that the boiling heat transfer enhancements were related to the molecular weight and ionic natures of surfactants. The boiling heat transfer coefficients of ionic surfactant SDS and CTAB solutions showed an inverse molecular weight dependence presented as h～M ?0.22，but no such relationships for the nonionic surfactants. Under the same dynamic surface tensions and heat flux，the differences of boiling heat transfer characteristics of SDS and CTAB solutions were mainly affected by molecular weight and contact angle，and Triton X-114 and Triton X-100 solutions were affected by concentrations，EO group numbers，and cloud point and dynamic viscosity.

Key words: surfactants, pool boiling, molecular weight, ionic nature, cloud point, EO group

摘要： 对表面活性剂SDS、CTAB、Triton X-114和Triton X-100水溶液物性及其池核沸腾传热进行了试验，重点探讨了表面活性剂分子结构参数和溶液物性对沸腾传热的影响。结果表明：表面活性剂溶液沸腾传热效果、表面活性剂相对分子质量对表面活性剂溶液沸腾传热的影响规律都与表面活性剂的电离特性密切相关，离子型表面活性剂SDS与CTAB溶液的沸腾传热系数比值与相对分子质量的比值成－0.22的指数关系，而非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114和Triton X-100溶液不存在指数关系。动态表面张力和热流密度相等时，SDS和CTAB溶液沸腾传热特性差异主要受相对分子质量和平衡接触角的影响，而Triton X-100和Triton X-114溶液则受质量分数、EO基团数、浊点和动力黏度的综合作用。

关键词: 表面活性剂, 池沸腾, 相对分子质量, 电离特性, 浊点, EO基团