COP28 calls for intensified climate action before the end of this decade to achieve the overarching goal of limiting global temperature rise to within 1.5℃. As a significant source of carbon emissions, the petrochemical industry is recognized as benefitting from digital transformation, which offers novel pathways to reduce carbon emissions and enhance carbon efficiency. The adoption of digital technologies has been progressively unfolding within the petrochemical industry, where the close integration of digitalization and dual carbon strategies has catalyzed the green and efficient development of this sector. This article delved into digitization and carbon safety, analyzing the advantages and challenges of integrating digitization technology with a low-carbon development approach through the lens of its application in the petrochemical industry. The concept of petrochemical carbon chain theory was first proposed, which was an organic integration of digitalization and dual-carbon objectives. It posited that carbon engineering in industrial carbon chains provided a path for the low-carbon development of petrochemicals. This was an integral measure in the implementation of new productivity. The carbon safety of petrochemical industry was analyzed from three dimensions: policy requirements, energy challenges and product exports.

The multiphase transport pipelines with oil and water are extremely susceptible to internal corrosion in the acidic environment with CO₂, which has become one of the key issues limiting the development of CO₂ capture and storage by the enhanced oil recovery technology. At present, the study of CO₂ corrosion behavior in oil-water system has become a hot issue widely focused on the field of pipeline safety and low carbon technology. Focusing on CO₂ corrosion behavior of steel in oil-water system, this paper summarized the behavior characteristics and research methods of CO₂ corrosion and compared the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used experimental research apparatus and the characterization methods of corrosion rate. In addition, the effects of flow conditions, composition of water phase, water cut and stability of emulsion, flow pattern and corrosion product film on CO₂ corrosion behavior and the development of corrosion rate model in oil-gas-water multiphase environment were systematically described. Overall, the qualitative analysis and quantitative characterization of the CO₂ corrosion factors in oil-water systems are gradually deepening. However, the correlation of the composition of oil phase and the microscopic morphology of emulsion with the corrosion rate is still unclear. In situ data collection can be carried out by coupling micro-instruments such as Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement in the existing macro apparatus. The effects of crude oil composition, interfacial wettability properties, emulsion microstructure and reversed-phase point on the CO₂ corrosion rate and film properties should be investigated. A general corrosion rate mechanism model considering the oil phase and emulsion characteristics are supposed to be established and gradually applied to engineering practice.

The chemical conversion of CO₂ to obtain energy or chemicals with economic value can realize the resource recycling of CO₂, which is one of the ideal ways to solve the problem of carbon neutralization in China. The production of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and by-product ethylene glycol by two-step transesterification is an effective way to realize the chemical conversion and high-value utilization of CO₂. In view of the technical problems of difficult CO₂ activation and high production cost faced by the process, the process enhancement methods such as one-step absorption of ethylene oxide by ethylene carbonate, ionic liquid catalyst, reactive distillation to realize transesterification and extractive distillation to separate dimethyl carbonate and methanol were used. The whole process simulation was completed by Aspen plus followed by the transesterification parameter optimization using BP neural network and multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ). And energy integration by pinch technology of transesterification process and carbon flow analysis of whole process were performed. The optimization results show that the consumption of thermal utilities in the transesterification process is reduced by 40.34%. The carbon flow analysis results show that the total carbon atom utilization rate in the system reaches 99.81%. Considering the indirect carbon emissions from energy consumption, the carbon atom utilization efficiency is 86.90%, and the net CO₂ emission is 0.314kg CO₂/kg DMC. Compared with the processes reported in the literature, the DMC product obtained in this process has a higher purity (99.9995%) and lower energy consumption (1.10kW·h/kg DMC), which can provide technical guidance for the chemical conversion of dimethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol from CO₂.

Based on a self-induced jet impingement device designed for practical pool boiling enhancement, using R1336mzz(Z) as the working fluid, an experimental and parametric study in pool boiling performances on microporous copper surfaces with this device are performed, considering the fabricated characteristics of these surfaces such as particle size and ratio of thickness to particle size during sintering process. The results demonstrated that, due to the ensuring of sustained liquid absorption and the promotion of bubble detachment, the self-induced jet impingement device augmented the critical heat flux (CHF) on the microporous copper surface effectively. Nonetheless, the boiling suppression effect brought by the liquid jet impingement resulted in a minor decrease in heat transfer performance and its intensity was positively correlated with particle size, and is negatively correlated with ratio of thickness to particle size. Parametric evaluations indicated that boiling heat transfer performance increased with enlarging in particle size and initially rises with the increasing ratio of thickness to particle size before declining. The wickability of the microporous copper surface enhanced as both the particle size and the ratio of thickness to particle size increased. Generally, despite of the presence of a self-induced jet impingement device, wickability maintained a positive linear relationship with CHF. Nonetheless, at a particle size of 101μm, the self-induced jet impingement device exacerbated the wetting disadvantage due to inadequate capillary force, resulting in a reduced CHF. Our study indicated CHF and h_NB@CHF enhancements of up to 189.2% and 337.5%, culminating in CHF=72.0W/cm² and h_NB@CHF=87.5kW/(m²·K), respectively, compared to the boiling performances of standard pool boiling on the non-microporous copper surface.

Nanofluid flooding technology can effectively improve unconventional oil recovery, of which microscopic mechanism needs to be further investigation. In this paper, the effects of Reynolds number (Re), type of nanoparticles (NPs), concentration of nanoparticles, lipophilicity/lipophobic and surface microstructure of rock stratums on oil displacement efficiency were analyzed by molecular dynamics (MD) method. The analysis of quantum chemical calculations and weak interactions showed that the intermolecular interactions increased with increasing molecular polarity index (MPI). Crude oil molecules were easily displaced by incoming flow at high MPI values, while crude oil molecules were easily adsorbed by rock stratums at low MPI values. Also, the attractive interactions between the oil droplets and the gold plates were more obvious without additional oil displacement agent. According to the total interactions, the oil displacement efficiency was the higher under the conditions of larger Re, CAAL, higher CAAL concentration, stronger rock stratum lipophobic and smaller rock stratum surface defect. The results of this work will be potentially valuable for improving the oil displacement technology, enhancing the oil displacement efficiency and improving the quality of produced crude oil.

In enhanced geothermal systems, fluids flow through rough rock fractures to obtain heat. A practical rock sample from Qiabuqia area in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai, China was used to obtain the real three-dimensional morphology in single fracture using high-precise scanning. This single fracture was used to propose a three-dimensional simulation model to numerically calculate convective heat transfer of water and CO₂. The effects of inlet fluid temperature, fluid flow rate, rock initial temperature, fracture openness and injection-production pressure difference on the heat extraction performance were analyzed. Increasing temperature difference between the fluid and the rock increased the heat transfer coefficient, and decreased the fluid outlet temperature. With increasing fluid injection flow, fracture openness and injection-production pressure difference, the heat transfer coefficient increases and the fluid outlet temperature decreased. The effective strength on heat transfer of fluid flow rate was the highest, followed by injection-production pressure difference and fluid inlet temperature. The fluid flow rate was increased from 10mL/min to 80mL/min, and the heat transfer quantity with water was increased from 109W to 351.2W, and the heat transfer coefficient was increased by 140.61W/(m²·K) for each increase of 1mL/min fluid flow rate.The heat transfer quantity with carbon dioxide was increased from 36.9W to 126.6W, and the heat transfer coefficient was increased by 19.84W/(m²·K) for each increase of 1mL/min fluid flow rate. H₂O with higher specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity carried out more heat than CO₂.

Bio-gasoline and diesel products can be made from agricultural and forestry wastes, algae and other biomass raw materials through thermochemical and hydro-cracking conversion. They can partially replace fossil fuels due to the sustainable and renewable features, which has attracted wide attention in the past decades. The production cost of gasoline and diesel products obtained from bio-refinery is relatively high, and how to reduce its production cost is still a hot research topic. Because bio-refinery and crude oil refinery both have hydrotreating and cracking units, and bio-oil and vacuum gas oil (VGO) have the similar physical and chemical properties, the co-processing of bio-oil and VGO in FCC units is proposed. This paper focuses on the study of the co-processing and related simulation studies, introduces the co-processing, the source of biomass, the preparation method of bio-oil, and the co-refining mechanism, summarizes the influence of the co-refining ratio, the current status of its technological scaling up as well as the influence of the oxygen content of the bio-oil on the product, and explains its process optimization and evaluation in combination with simulation studies. The problems and future developments are also discussed. From the conclusion, it is clear that co-processing is a green technology with technical feasibility and economic viability.

In some oil fields in China, the water content of produced liquid is more than 90%, which causes a large amount of heat loss in surface gathering and transportation system. Under the national "dual-carbon target", low-temperature gathering and transportation technology will become the main means of energy saving and consumption reduction in oil fields. This paper summarizes the research status of hydraulic and thermal calculation of crude oil low-temperature gathering pipeline, and focuses on the influence of crude oil composition, water phase composition and flow conditions on low-temperature wall sticking phenomenon. The low-temperature gathering and transportation wall sticking prediction models widely used at the present stage are analyzed, and the research methods and experimental devices of the boundary conditions of low-temperature gathering and transportation are combed. The feasibility of low-temperature gathering and transportation is fully verified by the field low-temperature transportation test of single well and gathering trunk line, which accumulates valuable engineering case experience for the field low-temperature gathering and transportation work. Finally, the future research direction of wall sticking phenomenon in low-temperature gathering and transportation is prospected, and it is considered that the establishment of theoretical prediction model should be strengthened.

As a kind of clean energy, hydrogen energy has a clean utilization process and can be effectively combined with intermittent renewable energy to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. As a device that can effectively utilize and manufacture hydrogen energy, the reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) has two modes of operation: fuel cell and electrolyzer, which has attracted widespread attention. The flow field structure of the RSOC has an important influence on its performance, which is manifested in the influence of the shape, size and gas configuration of the flow channel on the internal gas flow characteristics of the RSOC. The uniform gas distribution and excellent diffusion process are conducive to the improvement of the output performance and stability of the cell. This review summarizes the structural characteristics of traditional flow fields such as parallel, serpentine, and interdigitated in RSOCs, and cell output characteristics with novel flow fields such as X-type and three-dimensional mesh. The existing research on related flow field optimization methods are discussed in detail in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in this field. The results show that the traditional flow field can be improved for the gas flow characteristics inside the RSOC by optimizing the operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, and gas flow rate, selecting suitable electrolytes, electrode structural parameters, and cathode and anode gas flow configurations, as well as setting up flow channel barriers to promote the gas mass transfer and diffusion processes. Meanwhile, designing the novel flow field structure and porous medium flow field is also another way to improve the gas flow state.

The main developed countries and regions in the world have formulated the planning route to achieve carbon neutrality, and China has also put forward the "Double carbon" target. In view of the weakening effect of energy-saving retrofit, efficiency improvement and energy optimization on the reduction of carbon emissions by refining and petrochemical enterprises, in order to realize low-carbon and zero-carbon development, the refining and chemical enterprises must develop new carbon cycle economy technology and zero-carbon synthetic fuel technology from the perspective of raw material composition and original processing technology. Based on this, the reaction mechanism, technology route, catalyst, technical economy and carbon emission reduction potential of the technologies of carbon capture/storage and renewable H₂ to e-Fuels and biomass to SNG at home and abroad are reviewed, and the technological development path of carbon neutrality development in the future refining and chemical enterprises is analyzed, which provide reference for the transformation and development of refineries.

Solar energy is a clean and environmentally friendly renewable energy source, and applying solar energy to seawater desalination systems is an effective measure to solve the shortage of freshwater resources and energy crisis. In this paper, in order to investigate the effect of substrate width as well as feed concentration on evaporation performance, the experimental platform of the solar interfacial evaporation system was built, and experimental research on water transport performance of the substrate material and interfacial evaporation process of the combined evaporation structure was carried out. It is found that for the same concentration of the feed solution, when the transport water of the substrate structure is less than the interfacial evaporation demand, the evaporation rate increases with the increase of the substrate width; when the transport water meets the interfacial evaporation demand, the evaporation rate decreases with the increase of the substrate width; and the evaporation rate has a maximum value. And for the same substrate width, the evaporation rate decreases when the concentration of the feed solution increases; as the concentration of the feed solution increases, the maximum evaporation rate is shifted in the direction of increasing substrate width.

As domestic oil fields gradually enter the late stage of exploitation, viscous wall temperature as the evaluation index of high water and low temperature collection with a comprehensive water content of 70%—90% has entered the promotion stage and the effect is remarkable. However, in the field cooling test, it is found that there is a certain error between the actual operating temperature of ultra-high water cut crude oil pipelines with water content of more than 90% and the prediction results of viscous wall temperature. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the temperature boundary conditions of low temperature gathering and transportation for extra-high water cut crude oil. In this paper, the characteristics of oil-water two-phase flow and oil-phase wall adhesion in the extra-high water cut period are analyzed. It is determined that the yield stress is the most important factor that prevents the viscous wall oil from being washed away in the pipeline. The prediction software of low temperature collection temperature for extra-high water cut crude oil is developed and verified by the field cooling test of single well collection pipeline. The error is within 2℃, which meets the engineering application requirement.

Electrochemical reduction is considered as a promising means of CO₂ utilization. It is crucial to develop an electrocatalyst that can increase the selectivity for high value-added products. Recently, carbon-based single-atom catalysts have shown great research value in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction due to their high atom utilization and tunable chemical structure. This review introduces the reaction pathways of electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to various products. The catalytic performance for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction over carbon-based single-atom catalysts with different metal species including Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, respectively is summarized. The effects of tuning strategies such as coordination environment tuning, electronic structure tuning, and active site number tuning on the catalytic performance and the reaction process are illustrated. In order to achieve better design and synthesis of carbon-based single-atom catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction, the strategies to improve the selectivity of the generated multi-carbon products and identify the true state of the active sites are discussed.

Methanol, as a stable liquid-phase hydrogen storage medium at room temperature and pressure, has the advantages of high hydrogen to carbon ratio, low price, and convenient storage and transportation. Replacing the traditional catalytic hydrocarbon reforming process by methanol reforming is an important means to realize the green production and efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen energy. In this review, we firstly introduce the mechanism and characteristics of methanol reforming for hydrogen generation. Then, the structural optimization strategies of metal active sites were reviewed from the aspects of monometallic, bimetallic and metal valence regulations. Subsequently, we elaborate the structure modulation methods of the metal-support interface such as the doping effect of support, defective site modulation, and support crystalline phase control. Furthermore, the strategy for reconstructing active sites was discussed from the aspects of support induced activation and metal site sustained release. Finally, the preparation strategies for developing high-performance catalysts in the future and the characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods used to reveal the structure-activity relationship were discussed.

In response to the Dual Carbon Targets, propane direct dehydrogenation technology has been rapidly applied in recent years. The development of alternative catalysts is a core issue in the development of novel processes. Zeolites, capable of encapsulating metal clusters within the pores or anchoring them on the framework, have become an ideal support for preparing highly-efficient and stable dehydrogenation catalysts. The synthesis methodologies for zeolite-confined catalysts, including those based on platinum, rhodium, zinc, cobalt, have been systematically described according to their different active centers. Research progress on the interactions between metal nanoclusters and zeolite frameworks, as well as their catalytic mechanisms, has been reviewed. The limitations of zeolite-confined catalysts, such as key component loss at high temperature and active center aggregation, have been identified. Strategies to strengthen the interaction between metals and zeolite frameworks have been proposed. It is prospected that, in order to accelerate industrial application of zeolite-confined catalysts, further research is necessary to be conducted on both fundamental scientific issues and scaling up of the catalysts suitable for industrial conditions.

Small grained hierarchical pore ZSM-11 zeolites were synthesized by dynamic crystallization using conventional hydrothermal synthesis with polyacrylamide (PAM) as the mesoporous template agent. In order to reduce the amount of organic template agent and the synthesis cost, ZSM-11 zeolite was synthesized by a pre-crystallization liquid method. A variety of techniques including XRD, cryogenic N₂ physisorption, SEM, and NH₃-TPD were used to characterize the synthesized samples. The relation of PAM with zeolite particle size and catalytic cracking reaction performance was investigated. It was found that the addition of PMA to the synthesis gel did not change the topology of ZSM-11 zeolites but significantly affected the morphology, pore structure, and acidity of the zeolites. The particle size of ZSM-11 zeolites would be greatly reduced, with the formation of mesoporous structure, and the amount of acid and acid strength of the sample were increased. In the evaluation of n-octane catalytic cracking reaction, the small crystal sized ZSM-11 gave higher reactivity, less hydrogen transfer reaction, and higher yield of propene.

Exploring effective nano-Au loading mechanism can improve the loading capacity, stability and distribution anchoring effect of Au nanoparticles (NPs), so as to construct the high-performance catalytic reaction system. The amino functionalized polymer template method was adopted to fabricate the Au@H-mCeO₂ hollow core-shell composite catalyst with the mCeO₂ mesoporous shell and encapsulated nanosized Au active sites. Due to the excellent oxygen overflow property of mCeO₂ and the enhanced synergistic effect between Au and mCeO₂, the catalyst showed significantly better catalytic performance than mTiO₂ and mSiO₂ shell deposited catalysts in the solvent-free selective catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the conversion of benzyl alcohol catalyzed by Au@H-mCeO₂ catalyst reached 60% and the selectivity of benzaldehyde was 88%. The recombination process of in-situ supported Au NPs assisted by amino functionalized polymer template and mesoporous oxide encapsulation of mCeO₂ can better disperse and stabilize the catalytic active sites of Au NPs. Thus, in the cyclic reaction and thermal filtration experiments, the aggregation and loss of Au NPs can be effectively inhibited, so that the excellent catalytic reaction activity and stability of the catalyst can be maintained.

Taking the pre-hydrogenation conversion fresh catalyst and deactivated catalyst used in the deep purification process of coke oven gas as the research object, we used a micro-fixed-bed reaction device to carry out the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity evaluation. The carbon deposition and deactivation mechanisms of pre-hydrogenation reforming catalyst were explored by characterizations using N₂-sorption desorption apparatus, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG-DTG), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), UV-Vis spectroscopy and high-frequency infrared carbon-sulfur analyzer. The research result showed that the carbon deposition covering the active sites on the catalyst surface and the catalyst pore blocking were the main deactivation reasons. Meanwhile, the loss of active components (Fe and Mo) during the process of carbon deposition and the catalyst sintering during regeneration process also contributed to the deactivation of the catalysts. Secondly, the form of carbon deposition is dominated by spherical graphitic carbon, increasing gradually from the inside of the catalyst to outside. Finally, except for the catalysts of anisotropic strips and pentagonal spheres, other deactivated catalysts can be reused after regeneration (600 °C, air atmosphere). However, the hydrotreating activity of the catalysts decreased after regeneration, mainly due to the reduction of the catalysts' surface, pore volume and the loss of active components.

Supramolecular fracturing fluid is a self-assembled fracturing fluid system based on non-covalent bond, which has the characteristics of reversible shear, adaptive, low damage and so on. It is a hot field in the research of new adaptive fracturing fluids, but there are many problems such as poor temperature and salt resistance, harsh operating conditions and high cost. This paper introduced the intermolecular interaction and regulation mechanism of supramolecular fracturing fluids based on hydrophobic association, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and host-guest interaction. It was systematically reviewed the design and synthesis of polymers, surfactants and other self-assembled elements, and its research progress in supramolecular fracturing fluids. There were compared and analyzed with the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of supramolecular fracturing fluids. According to the principle of supramolecular interaction, the design and synthesis of new high performance and low cost self-assembly elements were the core of supramolecular fracturing fluid research. It was the key to the development of supramolecular fracturing fluid to regulate the self-assembly of supramolecular system by the synergistic interaction of multiple non-covalent bonds. The next step was to develop new adaptive supramolecular fracturing fluids that can meet harsh reservoir conditions.

As a kind of unconventional oil resource with abundant reserves, oil sands have attracted more and more attention from all over the world. The coordinated and sustainable development of oil sands treatment industry and ecological environment has become a hot issue that needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, in order to construct a clean, low-carbon, energy-saving and efficient process system and promote the high-quality development of the oil sand treatment industry, the process development of CO₂ in oil sand treatment has formed a global understanding. The application status of CO₂ in oil sand treatment at home and abroad, as well as the numerical simulation and kinetic simulation of CO₂ in oil sand treatment were summarized. Among them, the separation of oil sands under the action of CO₂ response, supercritical CO₂ extraction of oil sands and the application of CO₂ in other processes were mainly discussed. However, the current research is limited to indoors, and the data of industrial test was relatively small, which inevitably limited the industrial application of China's oil sand treatment industry. Therefore, more in-depth research on the process of CO₂ in oil sand treatment was needed to meet the requirements of industrial application. Finally, the application of CO₂ in oil sand treatment was summarized and prospected.

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used as rechargeable secondary batteries in the market in recent years. However, the shortage of lithium resources may become the biggest obstacle to its large-scale application in the future. Sodium has the advantages of abundant resources and low price. Therefore, among many types of energy storage systems, sodium-ion storage devices are very promising to become the next generation of electrochemical energy storage systems as a replacement for lithium-ion batteries. Electrode materials play a crucial role in the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion storage. However, due to the large radius and mass of sodium ions, the sodiation and desodiation process in the anode materials is more difficult, and the energy density of the sodium-ion storage devices is also relatively low. Therefore, it is of considerable significance to develop anode materials that are both low-cost and high performing to further improve the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion storage devices to promote their large-scale application. Among various anode materials, carbon is regarded as the most commercially viable anode material for sodium-ion storage devices with excellent cycling stability and rate performance due to its unique structure. This paper introduced several types of carbon materials, such as graphite and amorphous carbon, which were under extensive investigation at present. The advantages, problems and some commonly used modification methods of various carbon materials were also presented. Additionally, the research progress of carbon materials in recent years in sodium-ion batteries and sodium-ion capacitors, which were the two main types of sodium-ion storage devices, and the sodium storage mechanism of carbon materials were summarized. Finally, the challenges encountered by carbon materials in the field of sodium-ion storage devices were put forward and the prospects for their potential development were also envisioned.

With the development of artificial intelligence and sustainable energy, the flexible triboelectric pressure sensor has the advantages of lightweight, small size, low energy consumption, stretchability and excellent electrical performance, and has shown strong development potential in the fields of human movement and health monitoring, smart healthcare and human-machine interaction. But up to now, how to obtain high performance of flexible triboelectric pressure sensor through structural design is a key problem. Flexible triboelectric pressure sensors will pay more attention to the design of microstructure and the construction of sensing performance in the future. Therefore, based on the principle of the flexible triboelectric pressure sensor, this paper summarized the core factors that affected the performance of the flexible triboelectric pressure sensor, namely, the selection of core component materials and structural design. At the same time, the working mode of three kinds of flexible triboelectric pressure sensors designed with different structures was introduced, and the influence of different types of structures on their performance was revealed. In addition, the current application fields and existing bottleneck problems of this kind of sensor were summarized. Finally, the future development trend was pointed out. The organic combination of new materials and structural design would be conducive to further promoting the market demand for mass production of flexible triboelectric pressure sensors.

Hydrogen, as an important energy component in the future, has diverse sources. Industrial hydrogen production and by-product hydrogen processes often come with various impurities, such as H₂O, CO₂, CO, N₂, hydrocarbons, sulfides, etc. Impurities have a significant impact on the practical application of hydrogen gas. Therefore, purifying industrial crude hydrogen and by-product hydrogen is the key step in meeting various qualified hydrogen requirements. Adsorption separation is currently one of the most commonly used industrial hydrogen purification technologies, where the performance of adsorption materials directly affects separation efficiency and process operating costs. Developing high-performance and low-cost adsorption materials is the key research direction for the application of adsorption separation technology in hydrogen purification. This article briefly described common hydrogen purification technologies and adsorption separation mechanisms with a focus on summarizing the adsorption and removal behavior of CH₄, CO₂, and CO impurities in hydrogen by activated carbon, zeolite molecular sieves and metal-organic framework materials (MOFs). The research status of optimizing the performance of adsorption materials was discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the above adsorption materials in industrial applications were summarized. It was believed that research on hydrogen purification adsorption materials should focus on adsorption mechanisms and calculations.

The discharge of industrial oily wastewater and the occurrence of marine oil spills have led to serious damage to the aquatic environment. In order to achieve efficient and cost-effective oil/water separation, a superhydrophobic porous foam was successfully fabricated in this study applying the high internal phase emulsion template method. The physical and chemical structures of the materials were characterized by SEM, MIP, FTIR and XPS, and the wettability of the materials was also tested. These materials exhibited superhydrophobic-super oleophilic properties, evidenced by a high water contact angle of 146.8°, an impressively low water rolling angle of merely 6° and an almost negligible oil contact angle. The hydrophobicity of the material can be easily tailored by adjusting the monomer ratios. Remarkably, this material demonstrated exceptional oil-absorption capabilities with oil-absorption rates ranging from 30.17g/g to 76.65g/g across various oils and organic reagents. Furthermore, the material addressed surface oil spills and underwater heavy oil release, maintaining a consistent oil recovery efficiency of 90% throughout 10 cycles. Further research was conducted on the adsorption process of the material on oil products, and the results showed a closer adherence to the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetic model (R²>0.99) for diesel and ethanol. Consequently, the material presented as a superhydrophobic-super oleophilic porous substance, exhibiting elevated oil adsorption ratio, remarkable oil recovery efficiency and commendable reusability. Its potential applications in the realm of oil-water separation were abundant.

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂)/talc composite filler was prepared by emulsion method and used in decorative base paper. Its preparation process was optimized by combining the pseudo-ternary phase diagram and response surface method of W/O emulsion. It was found that cyclohexane was more suitable for oil phase than n-heptane, and the amount of n-butanol affected the stability of emulsion. The optimum preparation process of the composite filler was Tween80/n-butanol=1∶1 (weight ratio), emulsifier/cyclohexane=4∶6 (weight ratio), water/cyclohexane=1∶3 (weight ratio), talc/tetrabutyltitanate (TBT)= 1∶4 (weight ratio), resulting in an opacity of 97.0% and a whiteness of 84.0% ISO for decorative base paper. The composite filler was characterized by the methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that talc was coated with anatase type TiO₂.

Artificial forest fast-growing wood has a high porosity, low density, and permeability. Therefore, synthetic resin can be impregnated into the interior of the wood through chemical impregnation, thereby improving the water resistance, compressive strength and other properties of fast-growing wood. This study synthesized unsaturated resin (UPR) from cardanol and used it to impregnate and enhance three types of fast-growing wood, namely poplar, fir and camphor pine. The most significant effect was on fir, with an average density increased from 0.4g/cm³ to 1.04g/cm³, compressive strength increased from 30.1MPa to 90.4MPa and water absorption rate decreased from 167.3% to 7.9%. Its chemical structure was confirmed by FTIR spectrum. The molecular weight distribution of the products in each stage of the synthetic resin was detected by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), which was convenient for predicting its structural formula. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that the UPR impregnation method mainly exhibited a decreasing trend of lateral permeability from the outside to the inside. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that UPR improved the thermal stability of modified wood. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, it can be clearly seen that the internal pores of the wood were filled with resin and crosslinked, resulting in varying degrees of improvement in water resistance, compressive strength and thermal stability of the three types of fast-growing wood.

In order to solve the problem of degradation and aging of biodegradable poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) during long-term normal storage, the molecular weight of PBS was improved by melt polycondensation. The viscosity, molecular weight, thermal properties and rheological properties of PBS were studied under various reaction temperatures, reaction time, initial viscosity and melt film thickness. The results showed that the molecular weight of PBS increased with the increasing of melt polycondensation temperatures. The intrinsic viscosity of PBS increased from 1.049dL/g to 2.072dL/g at 220℃ within 60min. The PBS sample possessed lower initial viscosity value indicated faster viscosity increasing rates. The thickness of PBS melt was inversely proportional to its viscosity increasing reaction rate. It was shown that the elevated viscosity values also led to a decrease of crystallization properties and melting point of PBS. The rheological test results showed that with the increase of viscosity, the melt strength and thermal stability of PBS increased, which can meet the needs of reprocessing and use. The melt re-polycondensation process can effectively solve the degradation problems of PBS being unable to meet its subsequent processing and using requirements.

Graphene has shown great potential in the field of solar-driven interfacial evaporation. However, many limits still exist for its application such as high cost and complex preparation methods. To address this issue, reduced graphene oxide/melamine sponge (RGO/MS) bilayer composite material was prepared by combining reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with strong hydrophilic melamine sponge (MS). The effects of RGO loading method, total MS height and sponge porosity on photothermal evaporation rate were explored. The optimum preparation conditions of RGO/MS were obtained, i.e., MS height being 12mm and the porosity being 99.8% by drip casting method. Under the illumination of light (1.0kW/m²), the evaporation rate can reach 2.441kg/(m²·h). The results showed that the prepared material exhibited stable mechanical properties. A uniform layer of RGO was successfully deposited on the surface of MS. Good continuous usage performance in artificial seawater was observed. The preparation process of RGO/MS composite materials was simply, reducing costs and effectively improving its evaporation performance, which was promising to be used in the field of seawater purification.

A novel tetraphenylethylene derivative (TPE-H) was designed and synthesized, which exhibited bright red aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics in THF/H₂O (0.5/9.5, volume ratio) solution medium. TPE-H selectively identified Pd²⁺ through a fluorescence "on-off" strategy. This sensor had excellent selectivity and sensitivity, and exhibited excellent stability over a wide pH range (4—10). Detailed research on Pd²⁺ detection showed that the detection limit for Pd²⁺ was 9.81×10^-8mol/L. The sensing mechanism was confirmed through ¹H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. In the sensing test paper and real water sample testing, TPE-H had good sensing effect on Pd²⁺ with small errors. This study not only reported an effective Pd²⁺ fluorescence sensor, but also proposed good application prospects for in-situ and real-time sensing of Pd²⁺ in complex environments.

As a heavy metal, copper ion (Cu²⁺) plays a key role in human bodies, but excessive Cu²⁺ can induce various diseases and endanger human health. Therefore, it is important to develop new fluorescent sensors to detect Cu²⁺ rapidly and sensitively. One-dimensional chain zinc coordination polymer (Zn-CP) was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method using 1,4-bis(3,5-dicarboxy phenoxy) benzene (H₄L) as the primary ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as the secondary ligand, which can be used as a fluorescence sensor for the efficient detection of Cu²⁺ in water. The Zn-CP possessed excellent fluorescent properties and can selectively and sensitively detect Cu²⁺ in aqueous solutions through luminescence quenching. In the range of 0—0.8×10^-6 mol/L, the Cu²⁺ concentration showed a good linear relationship with the fluorescence attenuation of the sensor and the detection limit was 1.22×10^-8 mol/L, which was lower than the limit set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (2.05×10^-5 mol/L). In addition, the quenching mechanism of Zn-CP in Cu²⁺ detection may be attributed to the formation of new chemical bonds between the coordination polymers and the Cu²⁺. This work provided a new strategy for the construction of coordination polymer-based fluorescence sensors with water-stable systems.

Agarose gel microspheres were used to prepare a series of metal-chelating affinity chromatography media by chemically cross-linking the microspheres and ligand attachment. Subsequently, their adsorption properties in model proteins were examined. Firstly, the effects of different reaction conditions on microsphere size were explored. The results showed that under the optimal conditions, the particle size of agarose microspheres was concentrated in the range of 45—160μm, with a yield of 95% and an average particle size of 91.2μm. Then, the crosslinked agarose microspheres 4FF(4 Fast Flow) and 6FF(6 Fast Flow) were prepared from agarose microspheres 4B and 6B, and the cross-linking agent dropping method was regulated to explore the effects of different factors on the mechanical strength of the cross-linked agarose microsphere 4FF. The maximum flow rates of 4FF and 6FF could reach 1190cm/h and 2228cm/h, respectively. In addition, the recovery performance and morphological characterization of the prepared 4FF microspheres were tested, and the retention volumes of different standard proteins were determined with the help of size-exclusion chromatography and the effective distribution coefficients were calculated. Finally, dextran-grafted metal chelating affinity chromatography media were prepared by using cross-linked agarose microspheres 6FF as a matrix, and monoclonal antibody Ig G was used as a model protein to explore the effects of different conditions on the dynamic protein loading of the media. The results showed that the highest dynamic protein loading of the medium could reach 44.8mg/mL gel. The present work provides a new idea for the controllable preparation and modification of agarose microspheres, as well as their application in the separation and purification of biological proteins, and lays a foundation for the subsequent scaled-up production.

In order to solve the problem that the biomass resource of cotton spinning black liquor is not efficiently utilized, which causes resource waste, this paper proposed a method to prepare polyurethane foam (PUF) based on the extract of cotton spinning black liquor. First, the raw material was prepared by acid precipitation method, and then the polyurethane foam was partially prepared by one-step foaming method instead of polyether polyol. Finally, infrared (FTIR), optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), horizontal combustion, degradation test and other means were used to characterize the foam surface and carbon residue morphology, thermal stability, flame retardancy and degradation. The results showed that the partial substitution of polyether polyols with cotton spinning black liquor extract improved the thermal stability and carbonization performance of PUF materials, When the substitution rate of cotton spinning black liquor extract was 30%, the apparent density of polyurethane foam was 0.0439g/cm³, the thermal conductivity was 0.03088W/(m∙K), the initial decomposition temperature was 214℃, the carbon residue rate was 45% at 700℃, the horizontal combustion carbonization length was 0.5mm, and the 12h degradation rate was 27.9%. All properties of polyurethane foam were improved to a certain extent.

In order to better slow down the corrosion of metal under high temperature acidification in oil and gas fields, a compound acidizing corrosion inhibitor with high temperature resistance and simple formula was investigated. A novel fused heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt (BQD) was prepared by 'one-pot' reaction with quinoline and benzyl chloride as raw materials. A novel high temperature acidizing corrosion inhibitor GS-1 with simple formula was obtained by weight loss method optimization of single factor analysis with synthetic BQD as the main agent, adding formic acid, urotropine and other compound agents. At the same time, its inhibition performance was studied by electrochemical test, surface morphology analysis and quantum chemical calculation. And the inhibition mechanism of BQD was studied by molecular simulation. The results showed that when the dosage of GS-1 corrosion inhibitor was 3%, the corrosion rates of N80 steel sheets in hydrochloric acid and mud acid at 160℃ were 41.63g/(m²·h) and 31.94g/(m²·h), respectively, which were better than the requirements of industry standards. The high temperature inhibitor GS-1 could form an adsorption protective film on the surface of N80 steel sheets, which could inhibit the mixed corrosion inhibitor of anode and cathode reaction at the same time. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the corrosion inhibition activity of BQD was better than that of the common benzylquinoline quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor (BQC). At the same time, the BQD molecule was based on the conjugated plane and was adsorbed on the interface at an angle parallel to the metal substrate, which had more better inhibition performance.

Water pollution and energy shortage are global problems that are gaining significant attention. Piezoelectric catalysis can convert external mechanical energy into chemical energy. As a green, effective, and energy-saving technology, piezo-catalysis has the potential to solve the above issues. However, the oxidation capacity of a simple piezoelectric system is limited, and the target pollutants are concentrated in degradable organic pollutants with low-concentration in water. To solve the above problems, researchers have employed various methods to enhance the oxidation capacity of the piezoelectric system. Three types of piezoelectric catalytic strengthening methods commonly used were summarized, including regulation of piezoelectric materials, coupling of chemical reagents, and optimization of piezoelectric driving approaches. Besides, the significance of energy and environment as well as the prospects of piezo-catalysis were discussed.

In recent years, liquid absorbents represented by amine solutions, ammonia solutions, and carbonate solutions have shown great potential as cost-effective, technologically mature, and widely applicable materials for CO₂ capture. They possess the advantages of high processing capacity, low cost, technological maturity, and wide application, making them promising candidates for economically efficient, high-performance, green, and sustainable CO₂ capture materials. This paper provided a comprehensive review of the current status of CO₂ capture using liquid absorbents, including the mechanisms, influencing factors, strategies for enhancing capture performance, and challenges. A comparative analysis of various liquid absorbents was presented, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in CO₂ capture. Furthermore, the future prospects of liquid absorbents were discussed. The analysis revealed that the performance of single liquid absorbents in CO₂ capture was relatively poor, and can be improved by employing additives, inhibitors, and mixtures. The energy consumption in the capture process can be reduced by improving the existing process and combining with the new technology, although economic evaluation needed further refinement. Additionally, current research primarily focused on single-component or binary gas mixtures, and future studies should explore the application of liquid absorbents in capturing CO₂ from multi-component gas mixtures.

Carbon capture technologies is indispensable to achieve carbon neutrality goals. In particular, upcycling organic solid waste into porous carbon materials for capturing CO₂ is a sustainable and practical approach that simultaneously mitigates climate change and solid waste pollutions, and thus the syntheses and applications of its adsorbents have been extensively explored. In recent years, in addition to chemical engineering, material science and thermal engineering research methods, many scholars in this field have used molecular simulation, machine learning, life cycle assessment and other research methods to carry out distinctive cross-research on valorization of organic solid waste into CO₂ adsorbents. However, the above-mentioned cross-cutting research is still relatively scattered, lacking a contextual summary, and its rich potential has not been systematically elucidated. This review addressed the research advances on upcycling organic solid waste into porous carbons for adsorbing CO₂. In addition to the conventional process methods and the performance level of the adsorbents, it focused on the application of cross-research in this field, mainly including molecular simulation, machine learning and life cycle assessment. This review provided valuable guidelines for the potential development direction of cross-research in this field through contextual analyses.

Ionic liquids contain imidazolium-based, choline-based, amine-based, quaternary phosphonium-based, pyridinium-based, and pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids, etc. Ionic liquids are described as green solvents due to their characteristics such as low volatility, nonflammability, thermal stability, and high solubility. Therefore, ionic liquids could be used as efficient extractants or extraction additives for extraction of phenolic compounds in liquid phase. The extraction mechanism and performance of phenolic compounds with different kinds of ionic liquids are reviewed systematically. Then, the latest research progress on extraction and separation of phenolic compounds in liquid phase by ionic liquids are comprehensively summarized. Besides, the influencing factors on extraction of phenolic compounds in liquid phase by ionic liquids are deeply analyzed. Furthermore, the existing problems and development prospect are discussed. In the future, the progress of extraction of phenolic compounds in liquid phase by ionic liquids are mainly in the following three aspects. The used ionic liquids would better have low viscosity, low water solubility, low cost, low toxicity, high stability, high extraction efficiency, high selectivity and high biodegradability. The ionic liquids and the raffinate are facile phase separation and liquids are easily reclaimed from the rich extract phase. The recycled ionic liquids could be reused multiple times and maintain good performance. The ionic liquid extractants and extractors would be highly integrated in order to build a complete extraction system and realize high extraction efficiency.

With the continuous promotion of refuse classification, the amount of food waste has rapidly increased. Because food waste easily goes bad, it may cause secondary pollution during collection, transportation and storage. Therefore, the disposal of food waste has gradually become a research hotspot. The main existing treatment technologies include landfill, incineration, aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation, etc. Since incineration and landfill are not environmentally friendly, aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation are more conducive to the conversion of waste into resources. Hydrolysis and acid production is a research direction of anaerobic fermentation technology, and food waste is a suitable raw material for acid production. Therefore, this article reviewed and analyzed the development of hydrolysis acid production technology. Based on the metabolic mechanism of hydrolysis acid production from food waste, it focused on two factors that affect the acid production effect of food waste, namely hydrolysis microorganisms and hydrolysis conditions. For different application occasions of volatile fatty acids, the required acid composition was discussed, and the types of acid-producing microorganisms and their acid-producing effects were analyzed and summarized. The effects of different pH, temperature, organic load and reagents on acid-producing were analyzed, and solutions were proposed for targeted acid-producing, hoping to provide support for future research.

The output of food waste is increasing year by year. Due to the characteristics of high moisture content and easy spoilage, conventional methods are unable to properly dispose of the food waste. Anaerobic fermentation has the advantages of low cost and minimal secondary pollution in treating food waste over other methods. The main product of anaerobic fermentation is volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which have high added value, a wide range of applications, and convenient storage and transportation. This makes anaerobic fermentation a potential method for resource utilization of food waste. However, the presence of exogenous substances, such as surfactants and polylactic acid plastics, in food waste can affect the acid-producing fermentation process in anaerobic fermentation systems. Based on this, this paper introduces the generation, physicochemical properties, and hazards of food waste at first, while also provides an overview of the current methods of treating food waste. On the basis of combing the principle of producing volatile fatty acids by food waste fermentation, this paper presents the research status of using food waste fermentation to produce volatile fatty acids. Finally, the paper discusses the influence of exogenous substances, such as surfactants and polylactic acid plastics, on the acid-producing fermentation of food waste, aiming to provide guidance for the regulation of acid production in food waste fermentation processes.

Biological treatment process is a core technology in the field of wastewater treatment. Among them, the biofilm method has been widely concerned due to some advantages, such as impact resistance, low sludge yield, and operation as well as management convenience. As the microbially attached growth material, biofilm carriers play a crucial role in the biofilm treatment process and directly influence the treatment effect. However, most of the currently developed biofilm carriers can only provide suitable and stable ecological niches for microorganisms, lacking the ability to enhance wastewater treatment effectiveness. Therefore, this paper focuses on five novel biofilm carriers (slow-release biofilm carrier, redox mediator biofilm carrier, magnetic biofilm carrier, hydrophilic modified biofilm carrier, and electrophilic modified biofilm carrier) that can improve pollutant degradation efficiency. It discusses their specific classifications and mechanisms, and gives some suggestions for future research directions, in order to provide a theoretical reference for promote the large-scale upgrading of wastewater treatment plants.

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, power battery ushered in the "decommissioning tide". In order to realize the recycling of spent power batteries in the context of dual-carbon, China has gradually released relevant policies to solve the technical and management problems. However, the current policy system is still in the exploratory stage, which makes the national and local policies different with each other in many aspects. In this research, the current status of national and local policies on the recycling process of spent power batteries in China was summarized with the policies analyzed in terms of year, region, and focus angle. At the same time, the impacts of the parameters on the policies, such as the current state of the market, technology, resources and energy structure, were explored under different degrees. The study revealed that the changes of policies in different years clarified their stages, and regions had significant gaps in the number and direction of policies. Besides, the study on market scale and related enterprises found that the recycling market of ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery lacked governmental guidance. The progress and utilization of recycling technology could be used for policy update and optimization. The distribution, supply and energy structure of the resources played a warning role, forcing the country to improve the requirements for power battery recycling. Based on the above analysis, the "4C" policy principle was proposed. It provided a reference basis for the policy formulation and optimization of waste power battery recycling in the context of circular economy.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of newly developed porous crystal materials with periodic order composed of light elements via strong covalent bonds. It has broad application prospect as a promising material for the elimination of various organic pollutants due to their large specific surface area, adjustable pores, abundant active functional groups, high thermal stability and recyclability. Hence, this review highlighted the recent progress and advances of the adsorption and removal of organic pollutants such as drugs, pesticides, dyes and industrial by-product by five different types of COFs (nitrogen bond, ionic type, grafting functional group, chiral and complex functionalization). Firstly, the effective path of COFs to capture pollutants was revealed from the perspectives of COFs topological structure and pore wall chemical environment, and the adsorption mechanism was discussed. Then, the specific synthetic paths and adsorption effects of different types of COFs were analyzed, and the corresponding performance parameters were briefly summarized. Finally, some suggestions were provided for industrial mass production of COFs in the field of environmental remediation, and the challenges of “bottom-up” and “post-synthesis” strategies in regulating the efficient adsorption and specific selection of COFs were summarized. It was also pointed out that it was still a long way to obtain good performance COFs based on structure-activity combination thinking.

The reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness of coal gasification slag are the hotspots of current research in the coal chemical industry. The study of physicochemical properties of coal gasification slag, alongside the content and environmental risk of embedded heavy metals, is the basis to achieve the above purposes. This thesis studied the structure composition and metal speciation of coarse slag and fine slag from a coal chemical industry in Ningdong Base, assessing the environmental risk of main metal elements they contained. The results showed that the coal gasification slag primarily consists of residual carbon and ash, the ash with the main components being SiO₂ (50%) and Al₂O₃ (15%). The coarse slag has a high ash content (>90%) and its particles are dense and smooth, while the fine slag has a high residual carbon content (about 20%) and rich pores. Metals with contents above 500µg/g are mainly enriched in the coarse slag, whereas metals with contents below 200µg/g are enriched in the fine slag. The stability of metals in fine slag is lower than in coarse slag. The proportion of unstable state of Cd in the fine slag is over 70%, and the value of its risk evaluation index is 34.16, which leads to high environmental risk. This study aims to provide basic data for the resourcefulness and harmless treatment of coal gasification slag.

Steel slag was used as an in-situ source and sodium silicate as an activator to synthesize iron-hydrated calcium silicate (Fe-CSH) with hierarchical porous structure, which was used as an adsorbent for the efficient removal of heavy metals such as Pb(‍Ⅱ), Cu(‍Ⅱ) and Zn(‍Ⅱ) from the aqueous solutions. The effects of initial solution pH, Fe-CSH dosage and initial solution concentration on the adsorption performance of Pb(‍Ⅱ), Cu(‍Ⅱ) and Zn(‍Ⅱ), and the adsorption mechanism were revealed by means of adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and characterization means such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Search Engine Marketing (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the adsorption processes of Fe-CSH on Pb(‍Ⅱ‍), Cu(‍Ⅱ‍) and Zn(‍Ⅱ‍) were all in accordance with the proposed secondary kinetic model, and the adsorption on Pb(‍Ⅱ‍) and Cu(‍Ⅱ‍‍) were in accordance with the Langmuir model, while the adsorption on Zn(‍Ⅱ) was more in accordance with the Freundlich model, and the adsorption capacities were 1546mg/g, 483mg/g and 369mg/g, respectively. The efficient removal of heavy metals Pb(‍Ⅱ), Cu(‍Ⅱ) and Zn(‍Ⅱ) by Fe-CSH can be achieved through the mechanisms of physical adsorption, ion exchange, precipitation, and ligand complexation. This study followed the environmental protection concept of "waste for waste", which was of great significance for the resourceful use of adsorbents synthesized from solid wastes and the treatment of wastewater purification.

With the rapid development of industry, especially the rapid expansion of mining and smelting industries, serious soil heavy metal pollution has been caused. In order to realize the simultaneous remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals, the farmland soil around a lead-zinc mine in southern Sichuan was taken as the research target. Through soil cultivation experiments, the effects of different ratios of chitosan (CS) and four modified chitosan materials on the basic physicochemical properties of polluted soil, the DTPA effective state and distribution form of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd) in soil, and the migration characteristics of heavy metals were investigated to select the best material for the target heavy metal passivation. The study found that using different ratios of CS and modified chitosan materials resulted in an increase in soil pH, organic matter (OM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in farmland soil contaminated with Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd. The increase in these parameters showed an upward trend with increasing addition. The application of a certain proportion of CS increased the content of available Cu and Pb, while the four modified chitosan materials reduced the content of available Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd, reducing the bioavailability and mobility of heavy metal pollution. Meanwhile, the addition of all five materials could effectively promote the transformation of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd from the weak acid extraction state to the stable residue state in the soil, and the best passivation effect was achieved when ECS-B was added to the soil with a mass ratio of 2.5%. This study indicated that ECS-B material was effective in passivating Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd contaminated soil, and had potential application for remediation in the field of heavy metal contaminated soil.

Due to the high energy consumption in SO₂ capture by organic amine solution, a novel liquid-liquid phase-change absorbent composed of N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine (BHEP) organic amine, diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DEGDEE) and water was developed. The absorption-desorption performance and phase-change mechanism were also investigated. There was a significant polarity difference between nonpolar ether and the polar ammonium salts formed by the reaction of BHEP and SO₂. Consequently, the phase-change occurred when the ammonium salts separated from the nonpolar ether. The content of DEGDEE in the upper phase was higher than 97%, while the contents of BHEP, SO₂, and H₂O were lower than 1%. Therefore, the upper phase could be directly recycled. Over 99% of BHEP and SO₂ were concentrated in the lower phase. Accordingly, only the SO₂-rich phase went to the stripper for the thermal regeneration, and thus the energy consumption could be effectively reduced. The higher the content of BHEP or DEGDEE, the easier the phase separation, and the smaller the proportion of the lower phase volume and the DEGDEE distribution rate. In addition, the content of both distribution rates of SO₂ and BHEP had almost unaffected. However, when the concentrations of both SO₂ and BHEP were too high, DEGDEE was immiscible with BHEP before SO₂ scrubbing. The physical absorption of SO₂ by DEGDEE resulted in an enhancement of the absorption capacity for SO₂ by BHEP. Moreover, the cyclic absorption capacity and desorption rate with the mixture of 15% BHEP+20% DEGDEE+65% H₂O were increased by 6.43% and 10.59%, respectively, and the energy consumption was decreased by 13.69%, as compared to a 15% BHEP solution. All the results showed that the biphasic solvent proposed had a promising prospects for sulfur dioxide capture.

Converting waste plastics into usable energy or fuel can alleviate the problems caused by increasing plastic waste and decreasing fossil energy. An integrated pyrolysis and plasma-catalysis reforming system was proposed for hydrogen production from plastics. The product distribution from different plastics [e.g. high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS)] was explored under four different reforming modes (heating-alone, catalytic-alone, plasma-alone and plasma-catalysis). The experiments were carried out in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor embedded with a coaxial dielectric blocking discharge (DBD) plasma zone. Comparing heating-alone mode, plasma-alone and catalysis-alone reforming modes promoted hydrocarbon cracking and increased gas yields, especially for H₂. Plasma-catalysis reforming mode significantly increased the total gas and H₂ yields from three plastics, and H₂ selectivity of HDPE was the highest (66.44%). Characterisation of used catalysts revealed that the severity of catalyst sintering due to carbon deposition and pore blockage on the catalysts was in the following order: HDPE > PP > PS. The plasma discharge could improve the carbon deposition and metal phase aggregation problems on the catalyst surface, increase the specific surface area and pore volume of the catalysts, and reduce the average pore size. Therefore, the integrated pyrolysis and plasma-catalysis reforming system provided an effective reference solution for the optimization of energy production from plastic resources and supported the commercial application of the process.

MIL-100 (Fe^Ⅱ/Fe^Ⅲ)/ACF composites were prepared by in-situ growth at room temperature using ferrous heptahydrate and anhydrous ferrous sulfate as metal salts, trimesic acid as ligand and active carbon fiber (ACF) as base material. The influence of the preparation and application processes of composites on the photocatalytic decolorization effect for reactive brilliant blue KN-R was studied and the mechanism of its photocatalytic decolorization was explored. The results showed that the decolorization rate of the composite, which was prepared by in-situ growth for 20h with the mole ratio of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ of 3∶1 on 80mg/L reactive brilliant blue KN-R solution adding 0.32mL/L H₂O₂ at pH 3.0 reached 97.1% under the condition of 1000W xenon light illumination and reacting for 120min. The decolorization rate was above 95.8% within the range of pH 3.0 to 6.2. After 5 times reuse, the decolorization rate was decreased but still could reach 85.5%. Through free radical capture experiments, it was found that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and photo generated vacancies (h⁺) played the main role in the photocatalytic system. The composites were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS. The results indicated that MIL-100 (Fe^Ⅱ/Fe^Ⅲ) was successfully loaded on ACF. The active site binding energy of MIL-100 (Fe^Ⅱ/Fe^Ⅲ)/ACF was 0.2—0.3eV higher compared to MIL-100 (Fe^Ⅱ) / ACF.

Petroleum hydrocarbons are difficult to degrade in the environment, and physicochemical remediation techniques are costly, energy-intensive, and not conducive to environmental restoration. The Trametes versicolor can homogenize the soil and is a potential microorganism for petroleum hydrocarbon bioremediation. In this study, different types of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution were the research object, and the degradation rate was used as the assessment index to investigate the degradation performance of Trametes versicolor on different types of petroleum hydrocarbons. On this basis, the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by Trametes versicolor and the effect on the release of greenhouse gases were investigated to provide theoretical guidance for the application of bioremediation technology to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The results showed that Trametes versicolor could effectively degrade different types of petroleum hydrocarbons, n-hexadecane was removed by 53.55% in 4d, and crude oil was removed by 21.61% in 9d. The remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in simulated contaminated soil using Trametes versicolor resulted in 32.68% removal of n-hexadecane and 4.84% removal of crude oil after 15d of remediation. In hexadecane-contaminated soil, the pollutants were degraded and released into the environment in the form of CO₂ and CH₄, while in crude oil-contaminated soil, the release of CH₄ was smaller with the release of CO₂ and N₂O increasing. The results demonstrated the possibility of remediation of different types of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution by Trametes versicolor and provided a theoretical basis for bioremediation with less greenhouse gas release.

Due to the scarcity of water resources and the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, it is of significance to carry out the investigation on the recovery of water from the coal-fired flue gas and the co-removal of particulate matter. In this study, an experimental system for flue gas moisture recovery was constructed, and then a numerical simulation model was developed. The influences of different factors on the water collection rate and heat transfer coefficient were investigated. It was found that the main factors affecting the water collection rate were the velocity of the flue gas and the temperature difference. When the flue gas velocity was 3m/s and the temperature difference was 13.2℃, the water collection rate was 51.77%. The main factors affecting the heat transfer coefficient were the velocity of the flue gas and the subcooling of the flue gas at the heat transfer tube wall. When the flue gas velocity was 9.6m/s and the cooling water temperature was 35℃, the heat transfer coefficient was 274.84W/(m²·K). Moreover, an experimental system for particulate matter removal was constructed. It was found that when the subcooling temperature increased from 0℃ to 4℃ subcooling, the efficiency of particulate matter removal increased from 3.07% to 29.28%. When the flue gas velocity increased from 1.4m/s to 6.4m/s, the efficiency of particulate matter removal decreased from 29.28% to 7.40%.

The migration and enrichment characteristics of elements have a significant impact on the long-term stable operation of coal gasification plants. The samples (the raw coal and the coarse and fine slag after gasification) collected from entrained-flow coal water slurry gasification plants were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). It is found that elements such as Na, P, V, and Ti were more easily enriched in the fine slag, while elements such as Fe, Ca, and Cr were more easily enriched in the coarse slag. The thermodynamic calculation results indicated that the V element mainly existed in the form of gaseous V₂O₃ or VO₂ during the gasification process; at high temperatures, the S element basically transformed into volatile forms such as gaseous COS and H₂S, with little residue in both coarse and fine slag. During the heating process, Cr element mainly combined with Mg and Fe to form solid phase MgCr₂O₄ and FeCr₂O₄. After reaching about 1100℃, it was more likely to exist in the form of CrO and Cr₂O₃ in the liquid slag. A weak reducing atmosphere was carried out in a tube furnace to explore the influence of temperature on the enrichment of elements in coal ash. The results showed that the higher the gasification temperature, the easier Na and S elements were enriched in the gas phase, while Ca, Fe, and Cr elements were enriched in the slag.

In the ammonia-based CO₂ chemical absorption process, CO₂-rich ammonia aqueous solution is generally regenerated at the high temperature and pressure conditions for inhibiting the ammonia volatilization, in which a high energy input is necessary. To minimize the energy inputs, biomass ash was adopted into the CO₂-rich ammonia aqueous solution (i.e., rich ammonia solution) in this study for CO₂ desorption and CO₂ fixation through CO₂ mineralization. The feasibility of CO₂ desorption by adding biomass ash, CO₂ reabsorption performance of CO₂-lean ammonia aqueous solution and cyclic stability of ammonia during CO₂ absorption-CO₂ desorption induced by biomass ash addition were experimented. The results showed that the rich ammonia solution can be desorbed effectively through adding biomass ash to form the CO₂-lean ammonia aqueous solution with a maximum net CO₂ absorption capacity of 0.32mol/mol. Under the ambient pressure, the decrement of CO₂ loading of rich ammonia solution increased with the biomass ash dosage and reaction temperature. When the dosage of biomass ash added into the rich ammonia solution with an initial CO₂ loading of 0.6mol/mol varied from 50g/L to 250g/L, the decrement of CO₂ loading of rich ammonia solution increased gigantically from 18.83% to 94.17%. Compared to the case adopting CaO, adopting biomass ash to desorb rich ammonia solution could achieve a relatively lower cyclic CO₂ absorption performance. However, an averaged net CO₂ absorption capacity of ammonia with 0.24mol/mol could still be achieved in five "absorption-desorption" cycles.

The removal of organic dyes in printing and dyeing wastewater has been a difficult problem in water treatment technology for a long time. Electricity/potassium permanganate/peroxymonosulfate (EC/PM/PMS) system can efficiently degrade refractory organic dyes, such as reactive yellow K-RN. However, the degradation mechanism, especially the activation mechanism of Mn in relation to PMS, remains unclear. Therefore, this paper studied the types and production pathways of active substances in EC/PM/PMS system, and determined the action mechanism of Mn and the activation process of PMS during printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. Results showed that EC/PM/PMS system is a composite system including free radical oxidation and non-free radical oxidation. During this process, PMS activates Mn (‍Ⅴ), Mn (‍Ⅵ) and amorphous manganese dioxide, resulting in the reduction of PM. In addition, reactive oxygen radical oxidation is the main degradation path accounting for 95.3%, while electrode direct oxidation and non-free radical oxidation account for 2.1% and 2.6%, respectively.

With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, China will usher in a peak period of photovoltaic module retirement, and the recovery market for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules has broad prospects. Among them, recovery of complete silicon cells not only has environmental significance, but also has economic benefits. There are many problems with existing recycling methods such as pyrolysis, mechanical disassembly, and chemical dissolution. This article investigated the pre-treatment of N,N-dimethylpropenylurea (DMPU) coupled with pyrolysis for recovery of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels. By exploring the effects of different DMPU pre-treatment conditions on the integrity rate, backplate removal rate, and different pyrolysis conditions on the integrity rate of silicon cells through experiments, it was found that the experimental conditions for achieving the highest integrity rate of silicon cells were first treated with DMPU at 200℃ for 60min, followed by pyrolysis at 480℃ for 60min. The optimal experimental condition for removing the back panel was to treat the photovoltaic panel in DMPU at 200℃ for 30min. Finally, the energy consumption and carbon emissions analysis of the practical application of DMPU coupled pyrolysis for recovery of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels showed that the method used in this article had significant energy-saving and emission reduction benefits.

In order to explore the rapid start-up of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification phosphorus removal granular sludge system, this study first cultivated sludge granulation through starvation-repletion and gradually shortened sedimentation time. By regularly adding 30 mg/L NO₂^--N, a high concentration of nitrite environment was provided to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The nitrogen load of the system was further increased to examine its nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency. The system achieved rapid sludge granulation after 28 days of cultivation, with MLSS stabilized at 5.6—6.2g/L and SVI₃₀/SVI₅ reaching 0.96, indicating good particle settling performance. Through nitrite enhancement, the anaerobic phosphorus release of the system increased from 3.51mg/L to 29.4mg/L, while NOB activity was inhibited, achieving short-cut nitrification-denitrification phosphorus removal. Under the condition of C/N/P=420/80/10(w/w/w), the system achieved 99.85% total nitrogen removal and 99.43% phosphorus removal. Microbial community analysis revealed that the genus Acinetobacter predominated under this initiation strategy