Abstract:

With the continuous promotion of refuse classification, the amount of food waste has rapidly increased. Because food waste easily goes bad, it may cause secondary pollution during collection, transportation and storage. Therefore, the disposal of food waste has gradually become a research hotspot. The main existing treatment technologies include landfill, incineration, aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation, etc. Since incineration and landfill are not environmentally friendly, aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation are more conducive to the conversion of waste into resources. Hydrolysis and acid production is a research direction of anaerobic fermentation technology, and food waste is a suitable raw material for acid production. Therefore, this article reviewed and analyzed the development of hydrolysis acid production technology. Based on the metabolic mechanism of hydrolysis acid production from food waste, it focused on two factors that affect the acid production effect of food waste, namely hydrolysis microorganisms and hydrolysis conditions. For different application occasions of volatile fatty acids, the required acid composition was discussed, and the types of acid-producing microorganisms and their acid-producing effects were analyzed and summarized. The effects of different pH, temperature, organic load and reagents on acid-producing were analyzed, and solutions were proposed for targeted acid-producing, hoping to provide support for future research.

Key words: hydrolysis, anaerobic, directional acid production, food waste, hydrolysis microorganisms, volatile fatty acids

摘要：

随着垃圾分类工作不断推进落实，厨余垃圾的分出量急剧增长。由于其极易变质，在收集、运输和储存过程中可能会对环境造成二次污染，厨余垃圾的处理问题逐渐成为人们的研究热点。现有的主要处理技术有填埋、焚烧、好氧堆肥、厌氧发酵等，由于焚烧和填埋的方式是非常不环保的，好氧堆肥和厌氧发酵具有良好的资源化属性，水解产酸是厌氧发酵技术的一个研究方向，厨余垃圾是产酸的合适原料。因此，本文针对水解产酸技术发展进行了梳理和分析，基于厨余垃圾水解产酸的代谢机理，重点介绍了影响厨余垃圾产酸效果的两种因素，即水解微生物和水解条件。针对挥发性脂肪酸的不同应用场合，分别讨论了其所需的酸类组成，分析总结了不同产酸微生物的类别及其产酸效果，在不同pH、温度、有机负荷以及投加试剂的条件下其对产酸的影响，并针对定向产酸需求提出解决方案，希望为未来研究提供支持。

关键词: 水解, 厌氧, 定向产酸, 厨余垃圾, 水解微生物, 挥发性脂肪酸