Research advances of microaerobic anaerobic digestion

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0919

Abstract

Abstract:

Microaerobic anaerobic digestion is a type of anaerobic digestion between anaerobic and aerobic environments with low concentration of dissolved oxygen. It has advantages over traditional anaerobic digestion because it doesn’t require for additional treatment facilities and the aeration rate can be precisely controlled, which can achieve higher bioconversion and methane production. It is a reliable and effective method for the energy conversion of organic waste. Presently, microaerobic anaerobic digestion, a new research direction of anaerobic digestion in recent years, has been proved to have unique advantages in improving microbial diversity, accelerating hydrolysis, reducing hydrogen sulfide generation, improving methane production, etc. This paper combed the researches on microaerobic anaerobic digestion in recent 20 years, expounded its concept and mechanism, summarized the impact of microaerobic on anaerobic digestion and its application, analyzed its influencing factors, and pointed out its existing problems and the future development direction. It is expected that this paper can provide scientific basis and support for the improvement and application of microaerobic anaerobic digestion system.

Key words: microaerobic anaerobic digestion, microbial diversity, hydrolysis, methane, stability, oxygenation methods

摘要：

微好氧厌氧消化是一种介于厌氧环境和好氧环境之间、具有低浓度溶解氧的厌氧消化方式。该消化方式不需要额外处理单元，通气速率可精准调控，比传统厌氧消化更具优势，可实现更高的生物转化和甲烷产出，是一种可靠、有效的有机废弃物能源化方法。目前，微好氧厌氧消化已被证明在提高微生物多样性、加速水解、减少硫化氢生成、提高甲烷产量等方面具有独特优势，是近几年厌氧消化研究的新方向。本文通过对近20年微好氧厌氧消化相关研究进行梳理，阐述了微好氧厌氧消化的概念和机制，总结了微好氧对厌氧消化的影响及其应用，分析了影响微好氧厌氧消化的因素，并指出了其存在的问题和下一步发展方向，以期为微好氧厌氧消化系统的改进和应用提供科学依据及支撑。

关键词: 微好氧厌氧消化, 微生物多样性, 水解, 甲烷, 稳定性, 通氧方式

CLC Number:

X705

WANG Juan, BIAN Chunlin, CHEN Xiangyu, WANG Ying, WANG Xindong, ZUO Yanxin, XIAO Benyi. Research advances of microaerobic anaerobic digestion[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 4005-4014.

王娟, 卞春林, 陈翔宇, 王莹, 王新东, 左彦鑫, 肖本益. 微好氧厌氧消化研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(7): 4005-4014.

Figures/Tables 5

References 62

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基质类型	传统厌氧消化系统								参考文献
基质类型	细菌（属）				古菌				参考文献
玉米秸秆	Sinibacillus	Tepidimicrobium	Clostridium		Methanothrix	Methanobacterium	Methanomassiliicoccus		[35]
畜禽废水	Ruminofilibacter（19.2％）	Clostridium	Treponema		Methanosaeta （92.5％）	Methanospirillum			[24]
水稻秸秆	Christensenellaceae（2.99％）	Paludibacter （1.42％）	Sedimentibacter （0.8％）		Methanospirillum （59.4%~63.6%）	Methanothrix （42.4%~59.4％）			[36]
玉米秸秆	Clostridium （16.36％）	Sinibacillus	Tepidimicrobium		Methanothrix	Methanobacterium	Methanomassiliicoccus	Methanosphaera	[37]
工业废水	Lactococcus （7.64％）	Blastocatella （3.01％）	Nitrosomonadaceae （2.86％）	Nitrospira （2.83％）	—				[38]
废纸	Clostridium （40.37%）	Staphylococcus（31.52%）	Bacillus （6.82%）		Methanosarcina	Methanosaeta			[13]
基质类型	微好氧厌氧消化系统								参考文献
基质类型	细菌（属）				古菌				参考文献
玉米秸秆	Sinibacillus	Tepidimicrobium	Clostridium	Dethiobacter	Methanobacterium	Methanomassiliicoccus	Methanothrix		[35]
畜禽废水	Clostridium	Ruminofilibacter	Treponema	Turicibacter	Methanosaeta （86.0％）	Methanospirillum （7.6％）	Methanobacterium		[24]
水稻秸秆	Christensenellaceae （4.78％）	Paludibacter（3.33％）	Sedimentibacter （2.07％）		Methanospirillum （70.3%~71.0%)	Methanothrix （58.5%~62.1％）			[36]
玉米秸秆	Clostridium （20.66％）	Sinibacillus	Bacillus		Methanothrix	Methanobacterium	Methanomassiliicoccus		[37]
工业废水	Anaerolineaceae（7.10％）	Sulfuritalea （5.60％）	Ottowia （4.16％）	Blastocatella（3.46％）	—				[38]
废纸	Staphylococcus（51.42%）	Bacillus （9.07%）	Macellibacteroides	Acinetobacter	Methanosarcina	Methanosaeta	Methanomassiliicoccus		[13]

基质类型	传统厌氧消化系统								参考文献
基质类型	细菌（属）				古菌				参考文献
玉米秸秆	Sinibacillus	Tepidimicrobium	Clostridium		Methanothrix	Methanobacterium	Methanomassiliicoccus		[35]
畜禽废水	Ruminofilibacter（19.2％）	Clostridium	Treponema		Methanosaeta （92.5％）	Methanospirillum			[24]
水稻秸秆	Christensenellaceae（2.99％）	Paludibacter （1.42％）	Sedimentibacter （0.8％）		Methanospirillum （59.4%~63.6%）	Methanothrix （42.4%~59.4％）			[36]
玉米秸秆	Clostridium （16.36％）	Sinibacillus	Tepidimicrobium		Methanothrix	Methanobacterium	Methanomassiliicoccus	Methanosphaera	[37]
工业废水	Lactococcus （7.64％）	Blastocatella （3.01％）	Nitrosomonadaceae （2.86％）	Nitrospira （2.83％）	—				[38]
废纸	Clostridium （40.37%）	Staphylococcus（31.52%）	Bacillus （6.82%）		Methanosarcina	Methanosaeta			[13]
基质类型	微好氧厌氧消化系统								参考文献
基质类型	细菌（属）				古菌				参考文献
玉米秸秆	Sinibacillus	Tepidimicrobium	Clostridium	Dethiobacter	Methanobacterium	Methanomassiliicoccus	Methanothrix		[35]
畜禽废水	Clostridium	Ruminofilibacter	Treponema	Turicibacter	Methanosaeta （86.0％）	Methanospirillum （7.6％）	Methanobacterium		[24]
水稻秸秆	Christensenellaceae （4.78％）	Paludibacter（3.33％）	Sedimentibacter （2.07％）		Methanospirillum （70.3%~71.0%)	Methanothrix （58.5%~62.1％）			[36]
玉米秸秆	Clostridium （20.66％）	Sinibacillus	Bacillus		Methanothrix	Methanobacterium	Methanomassiliicoccus		[37]
工业废水	Anaerolineaceae（7.10％）	Sulfuritalea （5.60％）	Ottowia （4.16％）	Blastocatella（3.46％）	—				[38]
废纸	Staphylococcus（51.42%）	Bacillus （9.07%）	Macellibacteroides	Acinetobacter	Methanosarcina	Methanosaeta	Methanomassiliicoccus		[13]

基质类型	通氧量/溶解氧	OLR	VS降解率/%		COD降解率/%		甲烷产率/mL·(g·VS)^-1		硫化氢去除率/％	参考文献
基质类型	通氧量/溶解氧	OLR	厌氧	微好氧	厌氧	微好氧	厌氧	微好氧	硫化氢去除率/％	参考文献
青贮饲料	2.5L空气·min^-1	—	27	37	32.12	36.36	5.25	7.35	—	[39]
餐厨垃圾	0.0375L氧气·L^-1·d^-1	—	—	↑10	—	↑56	0.13±0.02	0.20±0.03	—	[40]
餐厨垃圾	258L空气·(kg TS)^-1·d^-1	—	61.2	66.3	43.2	59.7	0.23	0.27	—	[41]
混合污泥	4g TS·min^-1	—	18.3±2.6	24.5±3.6	44.84±5.24	53.7±5.41	109.3±16.1	93.9±17.8	—	[23]
混合污泥	50L·h^-1	2.15±0.75g Vs·L^-1·d^-1	41	45	59.33	57.78	20.538	21.19	>90	[34]
剩余污泥	0.35L空气·L^-1·min^-1	10g VS·L^-1·d^-1	11.5	23.6	—	↑17	16.35	35	—	[42]
剩余污泥	1.6L空气·d^-1	2.0g VS·L^-1·d^-1	65.2±4.7	63.6±4.1	—	↑33	195±28	188±21	99.7±0.2	[43]
玉米秸秆	12.5mL 空气·L^-1·d^-1	—	49.22	54.3	—	—	186.03	216.8	—	[33]
纸浆废水	3~6mL空气·L^-1·min^-1	8kg COD·m^-3·d ^-1	—	—	40	80	—	—	>30	[44]
石化废水	DO=0.2~0.3mg·L^-1	(0.352±0.06)g VS·L^-1·d^-1	—	—	10.9	31.6	—	—	>99	[45]
合成废水	0.2mL空气·min^-1	—	—	—	90±7	89±6	33.4±3.29	28.6±5.31	93	[46]
啤酒废水	1L空气·d^-1	8g COD·L^-1·d^-1	—	—	89±5	90±4	8.5±2.0	9.6±1.6	73	[27]

基质类型	通氧量/溶解氧	OLR	VS降解率/%		COD降解率/%		甲烷产率/mL·(g·VS)^-1		硫化氢去除率/％	参考文献
基质类型	通氧量/溶解氧	OLR	厌氧	微好氧	厌氧	微好氧	厌氧	微好氧	硫化氢去除率/％	参考文献
青贮饲料	2.5L空气·min^-1	—	27	37	32.12	36.36	5.25	7.35	—	[39]
餐厨垃圾	0.0375L氧气·L^-1·d^-1	—	—	↑10	—	↑56	0.13±0.02	0.20±0.03	—	[40]
餐厨垃圾	258L空气·(kg TS)^-1·d^-1	—	61.2	66.3	43.2	59.7	0.23	0.27	—	[41]
混合污泥	4g TS·min^-1	—	18.3±2.6	24.5±3.6	44.84±5.24	53.7±5.41	109.3±16.1	93.9±17.8	—	[23]
混合污泥	50L·h^-1	2.15±0.75g Vs·L^-1·d^-1	41	45	59.33	57.78	20.538	21.19	>90	[34]
剩余污泥	0.35L空气·L^-1·min^-1	10g VS·L^-1·d^-1	11.5	23.6	—	↑17	16.35	35	—	[42]
剩余污泥	1.6L空气·d^-1	2.0g VS·L^-1·d^-1	65.2±4.7	63.6±4.1	—	↑33	195±28	188±21	99.7±0.2	[43]
玉米秸秆	12.5mL 空气·L^-1·d^-1	—	49.22	54.3	—	—	186.03	216.8	—	[33]
纸浆废水	3~6mL空气·L^-1·min^-1	8kg COD·m^-3·d ^-1	—	—	40	80	—	—	>30	[44]
石化废水	DO=0.2~0.3mg·L^-1	(0.352±0.06)g VS·L^-1·d^-1	—	—	10.9	31.6	—	—	>99	[45]
合成废水	0.2mL空气·min^-1	—	—	—	90±7	89±6	33.4±3.29	28.6±5.31	93	[46]
啤酒废水	1L空气·d^-1	8g COD·L^-1·d^-1	—	—	89±5	90±4	8.5±2.0	9.6±1.6	73	[27]

基质类型	反应规模	水力停留时间	通氧量/溶解氧	效果	性能提升原因	参考文献
剩余污泥	中试（200L）	20d	0.013~0.024L/d	硫化氢去除率超99％	微好氧抑制硫酸盐还原菌的生长，减少了硫化氢的产生	[28]
剩余污泥	中试（250L）	18d	50L/h	提高系统稳定性	微好氧促进氢营养性产甲烷菌生长，微生物活性提高，加速有机物转化	[34]
城市固体废弃物	中试（375L）	18d	1L/min	甲烷产率提升66％	微好氧加速了水解/酸化进程，为产甲烷菌提供了底物	[58]
牛粪	中试（104L）	17d	5~150mL/min	硫化氢去除率超85.79％	气/液接触面积增大，表面生成生物膜，加速了硫氧化菌的生长	[54]
石化废水	中试（14.5m³）	—	5.5~13.8L/m³	有机物去除率超78.3％	水解酸化菌群落丰度和多样性均得到提高，加速了反应速率	[59]
牛粪	工程应用（338m³）	14h	1％沼气产率	硫化氢去除率超68.2％	气液交界处与硫化物氧化及硫单质生成相关的两种菌种大量繁殖	[60]
工厂废水	工程应用（100000m³）	17~24d	DO=0.4~0.5mg/L	去除硫化氢	氧气促进了硫循环，降低了硫酸盐产量，减少了硫化氢的产生	[61]
剩余污泥	工程应用（4500m³）	44~71d	DO=0.2~2.0mg/L	硫化氢去除率100％	高浓度总氮、氨氮限制了硫酸盐还原菌的产生	[55]
城市废水	工程应用（30000m³）	—	0.28~6.0m³/h	硫化氢去除率超74％	硫化物氧化菌将硫酸盐转换	[62]