Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that the biomass resource of cotton spinning black liquor is not efficiently utilized, which causes resource waste, this paper proposed a method to prepare polyurethane foam (PUF) based on the extract of cotton spinning black liquor. First, the raw material was prepared by acid precipitation method, and then the polyurethane foam was partially prepared by one-step foaming method instead of polyether polyol. Finally, infrared (FTIR), optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), horizontal combustion, degradation test and other means were used to characterize the foam surface and carbon residue morphology, thermal stability, flame retardancy and degradation. The results showed that the partial substitution of polyether polyols with cotton spinning black liquor extract improved the thermal stability and carbonization performance of PUF materials, When the substitution rate of cotton spinning black liquor extract was 30%, the apparent density of polyurethane foam was 0.0439g/cm³, the thermal conductivity was 0.03088W/(m∙K), the initial decomposition temperature was 214℃, the carbon residue rate was 45% at 700℃, the horizontal combustion carbonization length was 0.5mm, and the 12h degradation rate was 27.9%. All properties of polyurethane foam were improved to a certain extent.

Key words: extract of cotton spinning black liquor, polyurethane foam, thermal stability, flame retardancy, degradability

摘要：

针对棉纺黑液生物质资源未被高效利用造成资源浪费的问题，本文提出了一种基于棉纺黑液提取物制备聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）的方法。首先采用酸沉法制得原料，再部分替代聚醚多元醇一步发泡法制备棉纺黑液提取物聚氨酯泡沫，并采用红外（FTIR）、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重量分析（TGA）、水平燃烧、降解试验等手段表征棉纺黑液提取物聚氨酯泡沫表面及残炭形貌、热稳定性、阻燃性及可降解性等。结果表明，通过棉纺黑液提取物部分替代聚醚多元醇改善了PUF材料的热稳定性能和成炭性能，当棉纺黑液提取物替代率为30%（质量分数）时，聚氨酯泡沫的表观密度为0.0439g/cm³，热导率为0.03088W/(m·K)，起始分解温度为214℃，700℃下残炭率可达45%，水平燃烧炭化长度为0.5mm，12h降解率为27.9%，聚氨酯泡沫各项性能均有一定提升。

关键词: 棉纺黑液提取物, 聚氨酯泡沫, 热稳定性, 阻燃性, 可降解性