Research progress of isolated Cu2+ in copper based zeolite NH3-SCR catalyst for diesel vehicles

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1006

Abstract

Abstract:

As an effective method of eliminating NO _x, NH₃ selective catalytic reduction (NH₃-SCR) has been employed in the deNO _x process of diesel vehicle exhaust. NH₃-SCR technology often uses copper-based zeolite as catalysts in vehicle aftertreatment system, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust can be converted into N₂ with the catalysts and NH₃. However, in actual applications, the existence of SO₂ and N₂O and hydrothermal aging frequently affect the deNO _x performance of copper-based Zeolite. Therefore, based on the research trends of isolated Cu²⁺ in Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite catalysts, this paper summarizes the effects of two isolated Cu²⁺ on NH₃-SCR reaction and N₂O generation, including those on hydrothermal aging and SO₂ response; and summed up the methods of inducing Cu-2Z generation. Finally, taking the research status of Cu-LTA zeolite catalysts as an example, we briefly reviewed the research progress of isolated Cu²⁺ in Cu-LTA catalysts, and gave the research trends and future application prospects of Cu-LTA catalysts. This paper can provide ideas for the research of other types of copper-based zeolite catalysts for the deNO _x of diesel vehicle exhaust gases. Specifically, the related properties of the two isolated Cu²⁺ of zeolite should be clarified, and the isolated Cu²⁺ should be rationally controlled in the catalyst design to maintain high catalytic activity and further enhance the hydrothermal stability and SO₂ resistance.

Key words: selective catalytic reduction(SCR), catalyst, hydrothermal stability, sulfur dioxide, isolated Cu²⁺, zeolite

摘要：

NH₃选择催化还原技术（NH₃-SCR）作为一种高效去除NO _x 的手段，已广泛地应用到柴油车尾气脱硝过程当中。车用NH₃-SCR技术常采用铜基分子筛作为催化剂，尾气中的氮氧化物可在催化剂的作用下，与NH₃反应转化为N₂；但在实际应用过程中，N₂O的生成、催化剂的水热老化与尾气中的SO₂会影响铜基分子筛催化剂的脱硝性能。因此，本文以Cu-SSZ-13分子筛催化剂中孤立态Cu²⁺的研究进展为基础，总结了Cu-SSZ-13中两种孤立态Cu²⁺对NH₃-SCR反应与N₂O生成的影响；综述了两种孤立态Cu²⁺对水热老化与SO₂响应的差异；归纳了诱导Cu-2Z生成的手段。同时，本文以Cu-LTA分子筛催化剂的研究现状为例，简要回顾了Cu-LTA中孤立态Cu²⁺的研究进展，对Cu-LTA的研究趋势与应用前景作出了展望。本文可为其他类型的铜基分子筛催化剂在柴油车尾气脱硝领域的研究提供思路，即明确分子筛中两种孤立态Cu²⁺相关性质，通过调控孤立态Cu²⁺对催化剂进行合理设计，在保持高催化活性的同时，进一步提升催化剂的水热稳定性与SO₂抗性。

关键词: 选择催化还原, 催化剂, 水热稳定性, 二氧化硫, 孤立态Cu²⁺, 分子筛

CLC Number:

ZHANG Chenguang, FENG Shuo, XING Yuye, SHEN Boxiong, SU Lichao. Research progress of isolated Cu²⁺ in copper based zeolite NH₃-SCR catalyst for diesel vehicles[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(3): 1321-1331.

张晨光, 封硕, 邢玉烨, 沈伯雄, 苏立超. 柴油车用NH₃-SCR铜基分子筛催化剂孤立态Cu²⁺研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1321-1331.

Figures/Tables 9

References 55

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Si/Al	制备方式	测试条件	脱硝效率	参考文献
6	液相离子交换	[NO]=[NH₃]=500mg/kg，[O₂]=5%，体积空速=25000h^-1	＞90%（175~550℃）	[26]
6.5	液相离子交换	[NO]=[NH₃]=200mg/kg，[O₂]=5%，体积空速=60000h^-1	＞90%（250~500℃）	[27]
11	液相离子交换	[NO]=[NH₃]=500mg/kg，[O₂]=5%，体积空速=120000h^-1	＞90%（200~500℃）	[13]
24	液相离子交换	[NO]=[NH₃]=350mg/kg，[O₂]=14%，体积空速=30000h^-1	＞90%（200~450℃）	[21]

Si/Al	制备方式	测试条件	脱硝效率	参考文献
6	液相离子交换	[NO]=[NH₃]=500mg/kg，[O₂]=5%，体积空速=25000h^-1	＞90%（175~550℃）	[26]
6.5	液相离子交换	[NO]=[NH₃]=200mg/kg，[O₂]=5%，体积空速=60000h^-1	＞90%（250~500℃）	[27]
11	液相离子交换	[NO]=[NH₃]=500mg/kg，[O₂]=5%，体积空速=120000h^-1	＞90%（200~500℃）	[13]
24	液相离子交换	[NO]=[NH₃]=350mg/kg，[O₂]=14%，体积空速=30000h^-1	＞90%（200~450℃）	[21]

催化剂	拓扑结构	水热老化条件	测试条件	脱硝效率	参考文献
Cu-LTA	LTA	[温度]=900℃，[H₂O]=10%，[时间]=12h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.05%，体积空速=100000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=10%	＞90%(250~600℃)-新鲜，＞80%(250~550℃)-老化	[47]
Cu-SSZ-39	AFI	[温度]=850℃，[H₂O]=10%，[时间]=16h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.05%，体积空速=25000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=5%	约100%(225~450℃)-新鲜，＞80%(250~500℃)-老化	[26]
Cu-AFX	AFX	[温度]=800℃，[H₂O]=5%，[时间]=16h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.03%，体积空速=144000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=3%	约100%(250~400℃)-新鲜，约100%(250~350℃)-老化	[49]
Cu-ERI	ERI	[温度]=850℃，[H₂O]=10%，[时间]=5h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.03%，体积空速=50000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=3%	＞90%(250~600℃)-新鲜，＞70%(250~500℃)-老化	[50]
Cu-ZJM-7	KFI	[温度]=850℃，[H₂O]=10%，[时间]=12h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.05%，体积空速=80000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=5%	约100%(200~400℃)-新鲜，＞80%(250~400℃)-老化	[51]
Cu-UZM-35	MSE	[温度]=800℃，[H₂O]=10%，[时间]=24h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.05%，体积空速=100000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=10%	约100%(200~450℃)-新鲜，＞80%(250~500℃)-老化	[52]

催化剂	拓扑结构	水热老化条件	测试条件	脱硝效率	参考文献
Cu-LTA	LTA	[温度]=900℃，[H₂O]=10%，[时间]=12h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.05%，体积空速=100000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=10%	＞90%(250~600℃)-新鲜，＞80%(250~550℃)-老化	[47]
Cu-SSZ-39	AFI	[温度]=850℃，[H₂O]=10%，[时间]=16h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.05%，体积空速=25000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=5%	约100%(225~450℃)-新鲜，＞80%(250~500℃)-老化	[26]
Cu-AFX	AFX	[温度]=800℃，[H₂O]=5%，[时间]=16h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.03%，体积空速=144000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=3%	约100%(250~400℃)-新鲜，约100%(250~350℃)-老化	[49]
Cu-ERI	ERI	[温度]=850℃，[H₂O]=10%，[时间]=5h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.03%，体积空速=50000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=3%	＞90%(250~600℃)-新鲜，＞70%(250~500℃)-老化	[50]
Cu-ZJM-7	KFI	[温度]=850℃，[H₂O]=10%，[时间]=12h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.05%，体积空速=80000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=5%	约100%(200~400℃)-新鲜，＞80%(250~400℃)-老化	[51]
Cu-UZM-35	MSE	[温度]=800℃，[H₂O]=10%，[时间]=24h	[NH₃]=[NO]=0.05%，体积空速=100000h^-1，[O₂]=5%，[H₂O]=10%	约100%(200~450℃)-新鲜，＞80%(250~500℃)-老化	[52]

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Research progress of isolated Cu²⁺ in copper based zeolite NH₃-SCR catalyst for diesel vehicles

柴油车用NH₃-SCR铜基分子筛催化剂孤立态Cu²⁺研究进展

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