Abstract:

In recent years, liquid absorbents represented by amine solutions, ammonia solutions, and carbonate solutions have shown great potential as cost-effective, technologically mature, and widely applicable materials for CO₂ capture. They possess the advantages of high processing capacity, low cost, technological maturity, and wide application, making them promising candidates for economically efficient, high-performance, green, and sustainable CO₂ capture materials. This paper provided a comprehensive review of the current status of CO₂ capture using liquid absorbents, including the mechanisms, influencing factors, strategies for enhancing capture performance, and challenges. A comparative analysis of various liquid absorbents was presented, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in CO₂ capture. Furthermore, the future prospects of liquid absorbents were discussed. The analysis revealed that the performance of single liquid absorbents in CO₂ capture was relatively poor, and can be improved by employing additives, inhibitors, and mixtures. The energy consumption in the capture process can be reduced by improving the existing process and combining with the new technology, although economic evaluation needed further refinement. Additionally, current research primarily focused on single-component or binary gas mixtures, and future studies should explore the application of liquid absorbents in capturing CO₂ from multi-component gas mixtures.

Key words: carbon reduction, solution absorption, post-combustion capture, carbon dioxide capture, absorbents

摘要：

近年来，以胺溶液、氨溶液、碳酸盐溶液等为代表的液体吸收剂在捕集CO₂方面表现出了处理能力大、价格廉价、技术成熟和应用广泛等特点，未来有望成为更经济、高效、绿色和可持续的碳捕集材料。本文首先综述了目前使用液体吸收剂捕集燃烧后CO₂的现状，介绍了液体吸收剂捕集CO₂的机理、影响因素以及增强捕集性能的策略和挑战。然后对比了各种液体吸收剂在捕集CO₂方面的优缺点，并展望了液体吸收剂未来发展的前景。分析表明，单一液体吸收剂在捕集CO₂方面性能相对较差，可以通过添加剂、抑制剂和共混物等手段进行改良。对现有工艺改进并结合新技术可以降低捕集过程中的能耗，但经济评估仍需加强。此外，当前的研究主要集中于单组分气体或双组分混合气体，未来的研究应多开展使用液体吸收剂捕集多组分混合气体中的CO₂。

关键词: 碳减排, 溶液吸收, 燃烧后捕集, CO₂捕集, 吸收剂