In recent years, researchers have used many physical and chemical methods to prepare superhydrophobic materials in combination with other materials with wear resistance and stability. It is very important to prepare various superhydrophobic surfaces which can be resistant to abrasion and solvents, gases, ultraviolet radiation, acid and alkali. In this paper, the method for testing the wear resistance and stability of superhydrophobic surface as well as the cause of poor wear resistance and stability were introduced. Then, the research results about the wear resistant and stability superhydrophobic surfaces are summarized from the aspects of meshes, fabrics and coatings, so that a comprehensive understanding of the research progress of the stability superhydrophobic materials is attained. The challenges and applications wear resistant and stable superhydrophobic materials are forecasted in this review. Finally, we summarize the problems of stable superhydrophobic materials, for example, there are few methods for testing the stability, and there isn^，t generally accepted standard. In addition, the research and development in secondary utilization and multifunctionlization of superhydrophobic materials are still of big challenges.

Selective laser melting (SLM) provides great geometrical freedom for forming lattice structure, which can be applied to pool boiling heat transfer enhancement with its high surface area-volume ratio. This paper aims to explore the effect of cellular unit, gradient and SLM formability on the heat transfer of lattice structure samples. Lattice structure samples are formed using CuSn10 powder with size of 15mm×15m×15mm, porosity of 59.82%—62.10% and side surface arithmetic mean deviation (R _a) of 11.6—15.5μm. There is powder adhesion in surface of the samples, which can provide a large number of vaporized cores. Pool boiling heat transfer of water is investigated for samples and boiling point of 104—105℃ and critical heat flux(CHF) of 86.7—110.2W/cm² are obtained, which shows the cellular unit has important influence on bubble departure and liquid replenishment pathways during boiling heat transfer. Two kinds of gradient structures are formed with small holes in the lower part and large holes in the upper part. In comparison with uniform lattice structures, the gradient structures show different heat transfer curves, which reveals that gradient has different effects on the heat transfer conditions of boiling heat transfer at different stages.

The crosslinked reverse osmosis membrane model was established by molecular simulation. The diffusion process of water, sodium chloride, boric acid, borate ion, and D-sorbitol borate complexes in reverse osmosis membranes and solutions were studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The diffusion processes of complexes of borate and polyhydroxy compounds (D-mannitol, N-methyl D-glucamine, and sodium D-gluconate) in four types of reverse osmosis membranes were also simulated. The mean square displacement (MSD) curve of each particle could be obtained. The diffusion coefficient of each particle in the solution is greater than that in the membrane system. The diffusion coefficient of water molecule is much larger than those of solute molecules or ions. Compared with boric acid, there is no much difference in the particle volume for the borate ion, the diffusion coefficient would be influenced by the charge effect, thus, the diffusion coefficient of borate ion is an order of magnitude less than that of boric acid. Compared with monochelate complexes of D-sorbitol, the diffusion coefficient of dichelate complexes of D-sorbitol is smaller, due to the increase of molecular volume. Thus, for the boron removal enhanced by complexation in reverse osmosis seawater desalination process, the dosage of D-sorbitol should be kept at higher level, in order to increase the concentration of the dichelate complexes of D-sorbitol. For the 1,3,5-cyclohexane triformyl chloride/4-methylphenylene-diamine (HT/MMPD) membrane, the diffusion coefficient of N-methyl D-glucamine borate complexes is the lowest among the five complexes. The diffusion coefficient of sodium D-gluconate borate complexes is relative low in the type of membrane containing m-phenylenediamine (MPD) monomer, while the diffusion coefficient of D-mannitol borate complexes is relative low in the type of membrane containing MMPD monomer. The trajectories of several particles are also analyzed. Each particle takes sparse and irregular diffusion movements in the solution. In the membrane, the particles are subjected to intensive diffusion movements due to the restriction of polyamide membrane structure.

The bypass control of the heat exchanger network is an effective mean to increase degree of freedom and improve system control performance. In order to ensure the effectiveness and economy of the control, based on the complex network theory, combined with the disturbance transmission law of the heat exchanger network in the "downstream path" theory, a directional weighted complex network model of the heat exchanger network was constructed. Then, the heat exchanger network bypass was abstracted into a complex network drive node set, and the controllability and economy were weighed. Two methods for determining the bypass position were given: when the controllability requirement is high, based on the complex network structure controllability theory, a globally controllable bypass position determination method for the heat exchanger network was proposed. The algorithm realized the global controllability of the heat exchanger network by setting a minimum of bypass, and optimized the control performance of the heat exchanger network. When the number of bypasses is limited, based on the complex network target control theory, a method for determining the bypass position of important nodes was proposed to ensure that the important nodes are controllable while reducing the number of bypasses and saving investment costs. Finally, the large crude oil heat exchange network was taken as an example to solve the heat exchanger network bypass position by the global controllable and important node controllable methods.

In order to stop the propagation of gas explosion along the duct and to protect the downstream area of the duct, the nitrogen curtain is adopted to prevent the explosion. The nitrogen can automatically be spurted out by the designed experimental apparatus after the occurrence of explosion. In this paper, the effect of nitrogen pressure and spurting moment on the prevention of explosion was studied. The results showed that when the nitrogen pressure is 0.1MPa, the nitrogen curtain only has the effect of suppression. The explosion flame can spread through the whole duct. When the nitrogen pressure is 0.2MPa, only part of the experiments can prevent the explosion. The nitrogen curtain has an unstable effect of prevention of explosion. When the nitrogen pressure is 0.3MPa, the preventing position is stable between the left nozzle and the right nozzle. The nitrogen curtain is stable on the prevention of explosion. When the nitrogen pressure exceeds 0.4MPa, the preventing position is stable at the right nozzle. At the lower nitrogen pressure of 0.2MPa, the nitrogen spurting moment has a significant effect on the prevention. With the delay of spurting moment, the magnitude of spurted nitrogen decreases. And the nitrogen curtain changed from unstable prevention to failure of prevention. When the spurting moment delays 198ms, the nitrogen curtain will lose the ability of the prevention of explosion. When the nitrogen pressure is larger than 0.3MPa, the preventing effect of the nitrogen curtain will not be affected by the spurting moment. The nitrogen pressure can be a decisive role in the prevention of explosion.

At present, research on deposition patterns after droplet evaporation mainly focuses on describing changes in physical phenomena. However, little research has been done on the force analysis that leads to the formation of deposition patterns during evaporation. The key factors affecting the deposition pattern of the nanofluid droplet are the substrate temperature and the mass fraction of the nanoparticle in the nanofluid droplet. Based on glass film with four different temperatures (30℃, 47℃, 64℃ and 81℃), the evaporation of aluminum oxide-water mixed liquid drops were studied by using 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% mass fraction of aluminum oxide and pure water, and they were used to study the formation mechanism of the deposition pattern of the nanodroplets after evaporation on the solid surface. Results of aluminum oxide-water mixed liquid’s deposition pattern showed that as the mass fraction of the solution increases and the temperature of the substrate increases, the coffee ring effect becomes more and more obvious and the inner ring structure is gradually visible. In addition, the coffee ring effect is affected by the temperature of the bottom plate and the mass fraction of the solution. Although both the mass fraction of the solution and the temperature of the bottom plate are positively correlated with the Marangoni effect, the inner ring structure produced by the stagnation point and the Marangoni effect is more affected by the temperature of the bottom plate.

Wall wettability affects the shape of the Taylor bubble and plays a key role in fluid flow and phase change heat transfer in the microchannel. In this paper, the VOF model was used to simulate the gas-liquid two-phase Taylor flow in T-type microchannels, and the influence of contact angle change on the hydrodynamic characteristics of Taylor bubbles was analyzed emphatically. The simulation results were basically consistent with the experimental data of others, which verified the validity of the model. The result showed that with the increase of the contact angle, the liquid content around the bubble decreased gradually, and the phase interface also changed from convex to concave. The closer of wall to the wet or hydrophobic state, the larger curvature of gas-liquid interface will be. When 120°≤θ≤150°, the stability of Taylor bubble was poor. When θ≥150°, “drag flow pattern” appeared, it was pointed out that the gas was easier to attach to the wall at large contact angle, and the vortex in the contact area weakened the horizontal shear effect of water on the gas phase, leading to the flow pattern transformation. The contact angle had an important effect on the pressure in the channel. The axial pressure curve in the center of the channel took θ=90° as the transition, it was a convex function in wet state and P _G>P _L, in the hydrophobic state that the pressure distribution at the gas-liquid inlet was changed, and the curve trend was opposite.

Distillate structure and characteristics of coal-based vehicle fuels derived from direct coal liquefaction and indirect coal liquefaction，coal tar hydrogenation，coal-oil co-processing，methanol to gasoline（MTG） and poly-oxymethylene dimethyl ethers （DMM_n） were discussed. Also，their influence on development of the coal-to-liquids industry was analyzed based on the latest quality standards of vehicle gasoline，diesel and jet fuel products as well as market demand for oil products in China. China's green and sustainable development requires engine fuel with lower sulfur，olefins and aromatics，and high anti-explosion performance，as well as less diesel/gasoline ratio and more jet fuel production. The cleanliness of coal-based vehicle fuels is excellent because of their low content of sulfur，nitrogen and other harmful substances. Diesel/gasoline ratios of the coal-based vehicle fuel oils except MTG gasoline are too high so that the coal-based oils should be developed in coordination with petroleum products to meet the country’s future market demand. Indirect coal liquefaction process which is able to produce high quality diesel and jet fuel components will become the main technical route for the development of coal-to-liquids industry. Direct coal liquefaction process should be further improved to upgrade the properties of its gasoline，kerosene and diesel fractions. Coal-oil co-processing process which makes up for some deficiencies of the direct coal liquefaction process in terms of product quality will be an alternative process of coal-to-liquids. Hydrogenation of coal tars may be an efficient coal-to-liquids process that takes advantage of the by-products of coal processing to produce vehicle fuels blending components meeting or approaching China national Ⅵ standard. Lower cost process of MTG and DMM_n, which are high quality coal-based gasoline and diesel blending components, should be developed to expand production capacity so as to improve the quality of transportation fuel and diesel/gasoline ratio structure in refineries.

Lignin is the second largest renewable biomass resource in the world, thus making full use of lignin is of great significance to the development of our national economy. The lignin pyrolysis has attracted wide attention of scholars due to its advantages, low cost, simple operation and the production of high value-added products. The pyrolysis mechanisms of lignin model compounds (including β-O-4, α-O-4, β-5, etc.) were reviewed, the degree of difficulty of bonds breaking and the difference of products were compared. The characteristics, influence factors and the products distribution of lignin pyrolysis were summarized, the catalytic pyrolysis mechanisms of lignin especially under the action of metal salts and zeolites were expounded. The key control factors and product characteristics of lignin pyrolysis to produce phenolic chemicals and bio-oil were introduced in detail. In view of the problems existing in the technology of lignin pyrolysis, including unclear mechanism, low selectivities of target products and difficulty in product purification, exploring pyrolysis mechanism, developing new catalysts and production processes, and improving economic efficiency were prospected. It provides a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of lignin.

Liquid alkanes C₅₊ are the main components of transportation fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. This review focused on the research progress in the preparation of liquid fuels from lignocellulosic derived platform chemicals, with emphasis on the development of the synthesis of C₇₊ liquid alkanes by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the long chain oxygenated chemicals formed by carbon-chain growth of biomass derived platform chemicals. The lignocellulosic derived platform chemicals include sorbitol, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural（HMF), cyclopentanone, methylfuran, phenols, acetone, butanol, ethanol, levulinic acid, γ-valerolactone and so on. Among them, furfural/5-hydroxymethylfurfural/cyclopentanone could form C—C bond with other carbonyl compound through aldol condensation reaction with the aid of alkaline catalyst; methyl furan/benzene/phenol derivatives form C—C bond by alkylation/hydroxyalkylation under the catalysis of strong acidic acid; acetone could react with ethanol and butanol through α-alkylation reaction of with to achieve carbon chain growth; while levulinic acid can be transformed to pentanoic acid; butane or angelica lactone, which could undergo ketonization, olefin oligomerization or polymerization to achieve simultaneous C—C coupling. Among many ways to prepare long-chain alkanes from biomass derivative chemicals, the technical route of preparing long-chain alkanes from 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and methyl furan is too long and the raw materials are not easy to obtain; using cyclopentanone and phenol to obtain high-density long-chain alkanes is a competitive route; furfural and acetylpropionic acid are easy to regulate from substances. The process of preparing long-chain alkanes from furfural and levulinic acid is short and easy to realize industrial application.

Coal to synthetic natural gas (SNG) demonstration projects exist serious problems of monotonous production model and low value increase of coal. Under the circumstance of the decline in natural gas price, the single product structure has become to be the bottle-neck of healthy development of coal-to-SNG industry. In this paper, the coal-based co-production process of synthetic natural gas and chemicals is discussed and analyzed systematically. The coal-based co-production system is aiming to diversify and improve the value of terminal products by integration a variety of coal conversion technology. Based on the investigation of the domestic demand for the co-production chemicals and the key unit process, two schemes that co-production methanol scheme and co-production methanol and ethylene glycol scheme are proposed. The conceptual processes are designed and mass balance are calculated. On this basis, techno-economic performances are systematically analyzed. The results show that the co-production methanol and ethylene glycol scheme has obvious advantages in key techno-economic indicators, such as in internal rate of return and economic indicators of payback period. In summary, the co-production methanol and ethylene glycol scheme is the best program for coal-to-SNG co-production chemicals process to solve the bottleneck problem of the existing coal-to-SNG projects.

The FTIR and ¹³C NMR were used to study the aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, aromatic hydrocarbon structure, oxygen-containing functional groups and carbon skeleton in Indonesian oil sands bitumen. The sulfur content was subjected to XPS analysis. The results showed that the content of aliphatic carbon in the bitumen of the four Indonesian oil sand samples accounted for about 70%. The aliphatic hydrocarbons were mainly composed of methylene groups, followed by methyl and methine groups, and there were a large number of alkyl side chains in the samples. FTIR could not accurately distinguish the benzene ring substitution structure of aromatic hydrocarbons. The content of protonated aromatic carbon in aromatic hydrocarbons was found by ¹³C NMR. The bridgehead aromatic carbon and side branch aromatic carbon were the main non-protonated aromatic carbons, which were protonated aromatic carbon. The ratio can be inferred to have a degree of substitution of 2 to 4 on the aromatic ring of the sample. The oxygen-containing functional moiety of the sample was present in the alcohol and ether in the form of C—O and partially in the form of a carboxyl group. The sulfur in the sample was mainly organic sulfur, and the aromatic sulfide content was the highest, followed by the aliphatic sulfide with a certain proportion of sulfoxide exists. Inorganic sulfur existed in the form of pyrite sulfur and sulfate sulfur. Since the surface of the oil sand was encapsulated by organic matter, the inorganic matter was less exposed. XPS analysis did not detect sulfate sulfur and the detection value of pyrite sulfur was also low.

This paper proposes a method of pre-treating the FCC slurry and then performing electrostatic removal of solid. Adding auxiliaries to reduce the viscosity of the slurry system and assisting in centrifugal separation to remove asphaltenes and reducing the "competitive adsorption" of asphaltenes in FCC slurry on electrostatic tower packing. Studies have shown that about 90% of the solid particles in the FCC slurry A are catalyst particles, and the particle sizes are small, most of which are smaller than 15 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{m} , and the rest are coke powder particles, which are difficult to separate. The viscosity of the slurry system can be reduced to 0.85mm²/s (80℃) ,when the ratio of MCA-B, a promoter is 150% (mass ratio) of the slurry. The viscosity of the slurry system can meet the requirements of electrostatic separation. The centrifugation experiment with centrifugal force of 3819g and centrifugal time of 10 min made the resin and asphaltene in the slurry reduced by 6.34% and 58.82%, respectively, and thus the effect of purifying the slurry was achieved. Finally, under the conditions of static voltage 14kV, electrostatic temperature 70℃, electrostatic stabilization time 30min, the separation efficiency of the slurry can reach more than 98%, and the solid content in the slurry can be reduced to less than 30―60μg/g. It can meet the requirement of solid content as raw material to produce high value-added product.

High reactive coke was prepared by adding 1% steel slag to industrial blend coal. The porous structures of the high reactive coke (HRC) and base coke (BC) with different carbon loss ratio (5%~50%) were investigated by N₂ adsorption/desorption at 1100℃. Evolution characteristics of porous structures for cokes were studied by fractal theory during solution loss reaction. The results indicate that the variation of adsorption/desorption isotherms for HRC is larger than that of BC during solution loss reaction, and the transformation of adsorption isotherms for HRC from type Ⅰ to Ⅱ lags behind that of BC. The specific surface area (SSA) and micropore volume of cokes increase first and then decrease during the solution loss of carbon, and the total pore volumes of cokes increase gradually. However, the growth rate of SSA for HRC (ΔS _BET/Δx) is larger than that of BC, and the pore size distribution of HRC is relatively wide. Furthermore, the trends of fractal dimension D ₁ and D ₂ for HRC are different from that of BC during the solution loss of carbon. Therefore, it is shown that the steel slag in high reactivity coke has a great effect on the evolution behavior of porous structure for cokes during solution loss reaction by increasing the active sites on the coke surface.

Porous carbon nanospheres have attracted intensive and increasing attention worldwide in heterogeneous catalysis due to the controllable size, morphology, pore structure and surface groups in their synthesis and excellent catalytic performance as catalyst support materials. This review outlines the development of morphology regulation of porous carbon nanospheres and their application as the supports of metal catalysts. The methods for the preparation of carbon nanospheres with various morphologies as well as the formation mechanisms involved are summarized and compared. The relationship between morphology and performance of porous carbon nanospheres supported metal catalysts is discussed. Based on the above discussion, it is suggested that the synthesis of porous carbon nanospheres with size-controlled and spatially symmetric disposition of metal particles is the current main challenge of carbon spheres as catalyst support. And it is also proposed that the structure-controlled and economic preparation method of porous carbon nanospheres will be an important direction of future developments.

Commercial platinum carbon catalysts are expensive, and thus the development of non-platinum materials is a key step to promote the commercialization of fuel cells. In this paper, the research background of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells has been introduced firstly, then the catalysts conformed by non-noble metals, non-metals and composite materials have been introduced respectively, and the active sites and catalytic mechanism of various catalysts have been briefly reviewed. Among them, the nitrogen carbides of transition metal, with the advantages of low cost, high catalytic activity and excellent stability, are the most promising to replace the precious metal Pt for the catalysts. The doping of heteroatoms can change the surface charge distribution and hence enhance the catalytic activity of carbon materials. By effectively combining the transition metal nitrogen carbides with carbon materials with special structures, composite materials with dual functions can be designed. Finally, the existing problems of non-platinum catalysts have been analyzed and several directions for future work have been proposed, which can provide reference for future research of non-platinum electrocatalysts. The development of non-platinum catalysts with high activity and stability will be the key research direction in the future.

Series CoMo/CeAl₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by using different impregnation way of cerium and their performance in hydrodesulfurization was investigated. The results showed that the activity of the catalysts is in the following order CoMoCe/Al₂O₃＞CeCoMo/Al₂O₃＞CoMo/CeAl₂O₃. For the CoMoCe/Al₂O₃ catalyst, cerium was loaded on the Al₂O₃ at the first stage and thus can weaken the interaction between molybdenum and supporter, and are helpful for the sulfurization of molybdenum, which can promote the formation of CoMoS active phase and then enhance the catalytic performance of CoMoCe/Al₂O₃ in hydrodesulfurization. Heavy gas oil from Guangxi Petrochemical Company was processed with the CoMoCe/Al₂O₃ catalyst in a self-made fixed-bed micro reactor and the sulfur content of the product was reduced to 8.6μg/g, and the RON loss was 1.3.

The microencapsulated catalyst is an important factor affecting the stability of one-component silicone impregnating varnish. In this paper, core-shell microencapsulated platinum catalysts were prepared by microemulsion in-situ polymerization technology with platinum vinyl siloxane complex, phenyl trimethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxy silane and vinyl trimethoxy silane as raw materials. The morphologies were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and the thermal stability of the catalysts were characterized by thermal analysis. The curing activity difference between the coated catalyst and the conventional catalyst was analyzed by thermal analyzer. The results showed that the micro-nano coated Pt catalyst system has controllable catalyst activity, regular morphology, uniform particle size and high stability. When the catalyst was used in the single component additional liquid silicone rubber, the initial curing temperature was above 150℃ and the peak curing temperature was 197℃, which met the requirement of the curing process of the impregnating paint. The coated platinum catalyst possesses broad application prospects for silicone materials.

Two kinds of nickel-based catalysts supported on ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ composite were prepared by impregnation and powder pressing. The obtained catalysts were further characterized by N₂ isothermal physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM） techniques. The influences of zirconia addition and different preparation methods on the performance of the catalysts in CO methanation, CO₂ methanation and CO/CO₂ co-methanation were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of zirconia in the Al₂O₃ support could improve the dispersion of Ni species, leading to enhanced catalytic performance in CO methanation. Besides, the composite support made from powder pressing method could effectively improve the reducibility and decrease the reduction temperature of catalysts in contrast to that made from the impregnation method. However, the former method would decrease the specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of the catalysts. In the CO₂ methanation, catalysts prepared by the same method had little effect on CO₂ conversion, which was mainly limited by the physical properties of the catalysts such as specific surface area that originated from the difference in preparation method. In the CO/CO₂ co-methanation experiments, the methanation of CO is prior to that of CO₂ since in adsorption CO is more easily to occupy the on active sites than CO₂ , which causes the CO₂ content increased first and then decreased.

The practical application of superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic materials has been greatly limited due to their insufficient durability and stability. On the other hand, the surface roughness and surface composition of many natural products such as lotus leaf and clover can be restored after the damage. Such observations have inspired researchers to explore similar methods to repair superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic materials. In this paper, from the perspective of the self-healing of low energy materials and surface microstructures, the ways that affect the self-healing superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic surfaces were reviewed. The superhydrophobic and superoleophobic properties would be lost when the superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic surface is physically destroyed or chemically damaged. By carefully tuning temperature, relative humidity, mechanical and UV, the self-healing of low surface energy substances and the surface microstructure can be realized, and the superhydrophobic and superoleophobic properties can be restored. The main research directions for superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic self-healing materials are on the low-cost environmentally-friendly materials and systematic research of the mechanism of self-healing process.

Ammonia borane is considered as a potential solid hydrogen storage material due to its high hydrogen content of 19.6%, high stability, non- toxicity and high solubility in ordinary solvents. The catalysts with micro-nano fibers as carriers prepared by electrospinning technology can effectively overcome the shortcomings of traditional nano-metal catalysts such as agglomeration, loss, pollution and difficult recovery. This paper focuses on the preparation of nano-catalysts for hydrolysis of ammonia borane from three aspects of electrospinning technology, the classification of nanofibers and catalysts. Regarding nanofibers, the steps and key technical points for the preparation of different kinds of fibers by electrospinning were discussed in detail. As for the catalysts, the preparation processes of precious metals and non-noble metal catalysts as well as their advantages were reviewed, and the selection principles of catalyst particles and carriers was summarized. Finally, the methods of upgrading and optimizing both the process and the equipment, rational design of the catalytic particles and the carriers, and the “three-step” chemical reaction are put forward respectively to solve the problems of low electrospinning efficiency, poor catalytic performance and difficult for the regeneration of ammonia borane.

At present, metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor is the most widely studied sensor for ethanol detection. It is an important way to improve the performance of gas sensor by enhancing the response and selectivity of metal oxide. In this paper, the mechanism and influence factors of gas sensing are discussed. The development of main metal oxides for gas sensor in recent years is also reviewed. The investigation and development of different structural Co₃O₄, ZnO, SnO₂ and their metal doped oxide materials, oxide heterojunction are introduced. Especially, the synthesis, structural characteristics and the relationship between the structure and performance are emphasized. The results show that the performance of gas sensor can be greatly improved by decreasing particle size, increasing large specific surface area, constructing multi-dimensional materials, doping materials and forming heterojunctions. In addition, micro-hot-plate sensors based on MEMS process have become the development trend of gas sensors due to the advantages of sensor miniaturization. However, the insufficiency of theoretical guidance limits the development of metal oxides. The integration of the developments from multiple-disciplies of materials, physics, and chemistry will greatly promote the development of gas sensing materials.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have extremely high surface area and porosity, and their structures can be designed and regulated. However, there are some problems in its adsorption and separation in aqueous phase, such as poor water stability, poor adsorption selectivity, difficult separation from water, high cost of synthesis and regeneration. In light of this, MOFs can be functionalized purposefully to improve the adsorption performance on target pollutants. This review introduces the structural advantages of MOFs, analyzes the influencing factors and judgment methods of MOFs water stability, and briefly describes the characteristics of representative highly water stable MOFs materials. Special emphasis is put on the applications of different MOFs and modified MOFs in the removal of radioactive uranium from aqueous phase. Based on different analytical techniques, the adsorption mechanism of uranyl ions on MOFs was discussed. Finally, it is proposed that the key to promote the large-scale application of MOFs in uranium adsorption is to synthesize highly stable MOFs, improve the adsorption selectivity and regenerability through modification, and to study the adsorption mechanism in-depth.

As a significant research topic in organic fluorine chemistry, fluoroalkylations could change the physicochemical properties of organic chemicals by directly introducing fluorinated groups to their molecules. In the past decades, many organic boron involved protodeboronized fluoroalkylations have been reported due to its advantages of air- and water-stable properties, high reactivity, outstanding functional group tolerance, and non-toxicity. According to the electron properties of fluoroalkyl reagents, a full survey of nucleophilic fluoroalkylations, electrophilic fluoroalkylations, and free radical fluoroalkylations has been reported in this review. And the related topics of fluoroalkyl reagents, catalysts, solvents, atmosphere conditions, reaction yields, substrates universality and reaction mechanisms have been discussed. Subsequently, the photoredox catalysis of protodeboronized fluoroalkylations rising in recent years were introduced separately. Finally, the development tendency of protodeboronized fluoroalkylations in photoredox catalysis was summarized and prospected from the viewpoint of green chemistry. In the future, protodeboronized fluoroalkylations will continue to explore mild, efficient and environmentally friendly catalytic systems, and to develop novel synthetic methods which are more environmentally, economically and socially beneficial.

Based on the density function theory (DFT), quantum chemistry calculation provides a platform to design high voltage electrolytes. Gaussian software, developed for DFT application, has been successfully used in simulating the molecular structure of electrolytes, optimizing their solvation state and predicting the decomposition pathway and compositions of the products. By using the software, the time cost in research and development (R&D) can be greatly reduced. In this review, the recent progress of DFT in simulation of lithium-ion battery electrolyte was summarized. Furthermore, taking the R&D of high-voltage electrolyte as an example, we introduced the application of DFT in calculating the oxidation potential of the electrolytes, from which good agreement between theoretical calculation and experimental result was confirmed. Moreover, the application of DFT method was further introduced in the research for different solvents (e.g. sulfones, fluorinated carbonates and ionic liquids) and functional additives (e.g. phosphates, borates and nitriles) for high potential electrolytes. It is expected that with the improvement in kinetic theory and the optimization technique, many problems in simulation of concentrated electrolyte, solid-liquid interface mechanism, and etc. , would be solved imminently.

The development of energy-saving technology is a very practical problem nowadays. One of the development directions of these technologies is the storage of heat energy in various industries. Phase change materials （PCMs） are widely used in latent thermal energy storage system and thermal management system due to their large latent heat and constant temperature. However, the phase transition temperature and latent heat of a single phase change material are relatively fixed, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of various latent heat and phase transition temperatures for various energy storage applications. Therefore, people have carried out research on binary or multi-element eutectic phase transition systems. In this paper, the research progress of (quasi-)eutectic PCMs and their composites materials in recent years is introduced. The theoretical design mechanism of (quasi-)eutectic PCMs is discussed. The different problems existing in (quasi-)eutectic PCMs are pointed out, and corresponding strategies are put forward. Finally, the limitations of (quasi-)eutectic PCMs in practical applications are pointed out. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the search for new PCMs, the establishment of heat transfer theoretical models, the mechanical properties and aging resistance of (quasi-)eutectic phase change composites, and the low storage density and poor durability under high temperature conditions.

Recently, the environmental pollution and energy depletion problems are becoming more and more serious, which have restricted the human survival and development. Using photocatalytic technique, the degradation of pollutants and preparation of clean energy can be achieved, which help to reduce the environmental pollution and curb the energy depletion. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is one of the most studied materials in photocatalysis area, due to many advantages including excellent photoactivity, stable, cheap and environment friendly. However, the intrinsic defects existing in TiO₂ still restrict its further application. The researchers have proposed a variety of ways for the modification of TiO₂. For example, precious metals/TiO₂ composites can significantly improve the photoactivity and broaden the absorption wavelength range of TiO₂. Especially, Au/TiO₂ composite has been widely studied, which shows a promising prospect of applications in many areas. In this review, the development of Au/TiO₂ composites in recent years is summarized. Firstly, the chemical properties of Au and TiO₂, and the optical enhancement principle of Au/TiO₂ composites are briefly introduced. Then, the modified strategy and related mechanism of Au/TiO₂ composites are well discussed, including Au regulation effect on the optical properties of TiO₂, and the selective modification methods and techniques. Finally, the current status of Au/TiO₂ composites are still dominated by overcoming the two major intrinsic defects of TiO₂, and it is expected that various new Au/TiO₂ composites can be gradually promoted and applied.

The monoglyceride of tung oil (GTO) was prepared by using tung oil as raw material, sodium methoxide as catalyst, through alcoholysis reaction with glycerol, and epoxidized monoglyceride of tung oil (EGTO) synthesized by epoxidation. The novel flame retardant tung oil-based polyol (PTOP) was prepared through the ring opening reaction of EGTO with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) was formed by one step via the reaction of PTOP, polyether polyol (PPG4110) with PAPI and chemical agents. The mechanical behavior, thermal stability and fire behavior of RPUFs were determined by an universal mechanical tester, thermal analyzer and cone calorimetry, respectively. The results showed that with the increase of the substitution of PPG4110 by PTOP, the compressive strength, density and thermal conductivity of RPUFs were increased then decreased, the thermal stability was elevated, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of RPUF was raised from 18.1% to 26.0% and the total heat released was decreased and then increased, which was due to the flame retardancy of DOPO in PTOP while the fat chain of monoglyceride of tung oil in PTOP was easy to burn and the heat released was higher. RPUF was prepared by PTOP at different levels with good flame retardancy and excellent thermal stability.

The effects of different drying temperatures on the structure and properties of nano graphene oxide (GO)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-hexanoate)(PHBH) composite films prepared by solution casting method, were studied by SEM, XRD, DSC, tensile, transparency and barrier tests. The results show that the dispersion of GO in PHBH, crystallization, elongation at break and barrier properties of GO/PHBH composite films increase firstly and then decrease, while the tensile strength and transparency of GO/PHBH film increase gradually, with the increase of drying temperature. When the drying temperature is gradient elevation of temperature (45℃→55℃), the tensile strength, elongation at break, oxygen transmission rate and water vapor transmission rate of GO/PHBH film with smooth cross-section, good dispersion, crystallinity, thermal stability, mechanical and barrier properties can reach 20.11MPa, 17.47%, 48cm³/(m²·d) and 13.33g/(cm²·d), respectively. And the comprehensive performance of GO/PHBH film prepared at the temperature is better than that of others.

SBR composites filled with sintered red mud separately modified by stearic acid, aluminate coupling agent，silane coupling agent and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate modifier in a ball mill were prepared by melt blending. Surface nature, microstructure and mechanical properties of the modified red mud and red mud /SBR composites were characterized. Results showed that the particle size of the red mud reduced and surface functional groups changed after ball milling modification. The functional groups of Si—O—C, Si—O—Si and the antennae increased significantly in red mud modified by silane coupling agent. The modified red mud showed good dispersibility and compatibility, and the mechanical properties of the red mud-filled rubber composites modified by the silane coupling agent increased significantly. The tensile and tear strengths were increased from 1.6MPa and 8.8kN/m of pure rubber to 9.8MPa and 21.6kN/m, respectively.

This study is aimed to deal with the non-crystallization caused by condensate depression of Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O, to improve the cycle stability of composite phase change materials, and to inhibit phase separation. In solving these problems, CaSO₄ and 1-naphthol (C₁₀H₈O) are used as nucleating agents, and PAAS and CMC as thickeners. Composite phase change materials are analysed by the cooling curve and DSC. The experiments show that adding CaSO₄ with mass fraction of 1% and 5% and C₁₀H₈O of 0.5% and 3% can help enormously in the nucleation of Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O. When the thickeners are added, the naphthol system would not crystallize after cooling. For the CaSO₄ system, the effect of the PAAS thickener is better than that of CMC. The phase transition temperature of Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O+1%CaSO₄+2%PAAS composite is 47.7℃, and the latent heat of phase change is 200.4J/g. The phase transition temperature of Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O+5% CaSO₄+2% PAAS composite is 48.2℃, and the latent heat of phase change is 213.4J/g. After high-low temperature cycle test, the phase transition temperature of 1% CaSO₄ composite is 47.6℃, and the latent heat of phase change is 192.4J/g, which is decreased by 3.99% compared with the pre-circulation phase change. The phase transition temperature of the composite material of 5% CaSO₄ is 47.8℃ and the latent heat of phase change is 211.2J/g, which is 1.03% lower than that before the cycle. The 5% CaSO₄ system is better than the 1% CaSO₄ system. The latent heat value and phase transition temperature change little before and after cycling, showing good cycling stability.

A series of Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) were prepared by using a solvothermal method and by compounding ZrOCl₂ and different organic ligands, such as terephthalic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid. The physical and chemical properties of the obtained Zr-MOFs were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, FTIR, TGA and SEM. The catalytic performance of the Zr-MOFs was studied by reacting ethyl acetate N-acylation with benzylamine to produce N-acetylbenzylamine.We proved that the catalytic activity of the Zr-MOFs can be easily tuned by changing the number and position of the —COOH group in the organic ligands. The number of —COOH in organic linkers has influences on the crystal structure, Lewis and Br?nsted acidity in the MOFs and hence is the major determinants for their catalytic behavior. The results showed that MOF-808 had the highest activity and the yield of N-acetylbenzylamine was up to 95% at 80℃ for 12h. In addition, the MOF-808 catalyst still maintained a yield of 90% for N-acetylbenzylamine after reused for five times，confirming its remarkable recycling stability.

The change of crystal structure of magnesium slag during chilling hydration and its effect on the desulfurization activity were studied. The crystal structure and morphology were identified by XRD and TEM. The results showed that the irregular Ca²⁺ coordination in β-C₂S caused the hydration activity higher than that of γ-C₂S. As the chilling temperature increased, the content of β-C₂S and the degree of grain refinement increased. The former promoted the generation of C—S—H with developed pore structure, enhancing the physical adsorption capacity, and the latter caused more lattice defects, enhancing the chemical adsorption capacity. The desulfurization performance of magnesium slag was the highest at 950℃, and the calcium conversion rate reached 24.6%.

Alkali lignin was used as raw material to prepare carbon dots (CDs) by ultrasonic treatment in concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid environment,and transferred to a reactor for hydrothermal reaction at 180℃ for 12h. The structure and morphology of CDs were characterized by various testing methods. CDs/Fe³⁺ composites were prepared by the interaction between CDs solution and Fe³⁺ solution. The optical properties of CDs and CDs/Fe³⁺ composites were studied by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra. It was found that CDs had excellent fluorescence properties, and the fluorescence quantum yield of CDs was 17.3% (quinoline sulfate was the reference material), while the fluorescence quenching of CDs/Fe³⁺ composites was obvious. CDs/Fe³⁺ composite materials were used to detect different bioactive molecules in human body. It was found that CDs/Fe³⁺ composite materials could specifically recognize ascorbic acid (AA). In the range of 0―200 μmol/L and 200―350 μmol/L, the concentration of AA showed a good linear relationship with the fluorescence intensity of CDs/Fe³⁺ composite materials. It could be used in the detection of AA and has potential application in biosensing.

A composite adsorbent CTS-g-PAA/ATP was synthesized by the materials of chitosan (CTS), acrylic acid and attapulgite (ATP) with the method of dispersion polymerization. Using the chlorpyrifos (CPF) as a model pesticide to study the adsorption performance of the composite adsorbent at different temperature, time and different chlorpyrifos concentration was introduced, and the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics analysis were carried out to fit the experimental results. The results showed that the adsorption capacities of CTS-g-PAA/ATP and HATP (acidified attapulgite) on chlorpyrifos at 24h and 30℃ were 7.42g/g and 18.95mg/g, respectively, and the adsorption capacity of the composite increased by 180%. The results of the isotherm fitting analysis showed that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir model with the monolayer isotherm adsorption (R²≥0.97), and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacities were 57.8mg/g, 54.3mg/g and 51.2mg/g at 30℃, 35℃ and 40℃, respectively. With accurate fitting with the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R²≥0.97), chemical adsorption was the main controlling factor of the adsorption process in kinetics.

Transglutaminase glycosylation is widely used in protein modification because of its high efficiency, specificity and safety.The research of the effect of protein glycosylation of transglutaminase pathway on protein functional properties and structure at home and abroad was reviewed. Firstly，the representative polysaccharides—chitosan and its derivatives—and the transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking mechanism between protein and polysaccharide were introduced. Secondly，the effects of enzymatic glycosylation on the processing properties such as hydrophobicity，solubility and emulsifying properties of proteins，as well as the effects on protein structure changes，including primary structure，secondary structure and microstructure，were further elaborated. Then，the current applications of the enzymatically modified protein in the fields of edible film and medical dressing and inhibition of advanced glycation end products were briefly introduced. Finally，the future research directions and urgent problems in the transglutaminase pathway protein glycosylation are prospected.

The traditional production method of cefalexin is mostly intermittent crystallization, which has the disadvantages of low efficiency and high energy consumption. In order to save energy consumption, improve production efficiency, shorten working hours and reduce cost, a two-stage continuous crystallization process was designed according to the characteristics of electrical point crystallization such as cephalexin. The effects of initial concentration, residence time, stirring rate, pH of crystallization end point and seed strategy of cefalexin aqueous solution on the yield, crystal habit and particle size distribution of cefalexin continuous crystallization products were systematically studied by single factor method.The results of single factor experiment showed that the product yield and particle size distribution reached the ideal results when the concentration of cefalexin aqueous solution was 14%, the optimal residence time was 12min, the pH of the end point of crystallization was controlled around 4.8, and the amount of seed addition was 5%.The process can effectively control the supersaturation of the crystallization process in the metastable region and avoid nucleation. Compared with intermittent crystallization, the working time of two-stage continuous crystallization is reduced by 30%. Product crystal integrity, particle size distribution uniformity, yield can reach 96%. At present, this technology has successfully realized the industrialization application of a single production line with a scale of 500 tons/year.

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) hydrogel has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, water absorption and retention. In this paper, the synthesis methods of PASP hydrogels were reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages were compared. On this basis, the water phase homogeneous cross-linking process developed by our group was introduced, which has the advantages of low pollution and low cost, and initially industrial production was realized. The water absorption ratio of the product can reach 300―1000g/g. In addition, the blending/copolymerization modification of PASP hydrogel and its application in agriculture, ecological restoration and environmental protection were reviewed. The structural designability of PASP and its related research in biomedical field were highlighted. Among them, our group continued to carry out its research as a water-retaining agent, and obtained good experimental results, which provided a useful reference for large-scale application. Finally, this paper summarizes the problems that need to be solved in PASP hydrogels for the correlation of PASP performance, synthesis process and application fields. The elaboration of this paper will provide guidance and reference for the research, synthesis and application of PASP hydrogel.

Molecular imprinting technique for the selective extraction of flavonoids from complex structural analog mixtures has attracted widespread attention in recent years. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared by the conventional method has many disadvantages, which limits its application and development. In this paper, the research and application of five typical flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, isoquercitrin, puerarin, kaempferol) in molecular imprinting separation were summarized. The simulation, synthesis, characterization, application and optimization of MIP were discussed. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT) technique, magnetic functionalization, computer simulation, and optimization of solid phase extraction performance parameters can enhance the binding capacity, selectivity, mass transfer and separation of MIP imprinting. It points out the developed trend of developing new monomers, introducing new polymerization methods, improving the prepared efficiency of MIP, developing MIP for macromolecule detection, using MIP as microfluidic tool, proposing new configurations for synthesizing MIP, optimizing the rational design of MIP, and exploring large-scale synthesis methods of MIP. It can provide reference for molecular imprinting separation of flavonoids and their analogues.

In order to change the heterogeneity difference, improve the acidizing and unplugging effect of carbonate reservoir, a series of sulfobetaine Gemini surfactants (2C _n -SGS, Where n is the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic chain, n=12, 14, 16, 18) were synthesized by a two-step reaction using long chain alkyl dimethyl tertiary amine, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonic acid sodium and 1,4-dibromobutane as raw materials. Taking 2C₁₆-SGS as an example, the structures of mid product (C₁₆-SGS) and 2C₁₆-SGS were characterized by FTIR. Surface activity of 2C _n -SGS was analyzed by surface tension method. The results show that 2C _n -SGS have good surface activity, and the CMC and surface tensions of 2C _n -SGS decrease with the increase of hydrophobic chain, and the micellization ability is enhanced. It can be used in viscoelastic surfactant self-steering acidification technology, with good steering and shunting ability. The optimal formula is 4% 2C₁₆-SGS+20% hydrochloric acid + 20% Ca²⁺. The high viscosity gel of acidizing system is easy to break when mixing with hydrocarbons such as kerosene. It is easy to backflow and has no damage to the formation.

In order to improve the solubility and solution stability of hydrophobic associated polyacrylamide, the hydrophobic associated polyacrylamide was modified by the thiolated chitosan. The FTIR spectra showed that thiolated chitosan has connected to the molecular of the hydrophobic associated polyacryamide. The factors affecting the modification of chitosan were analyzed. The result showed that the modified polymers` molecular weight decreased with the increase of the concentration of thiol group in chitosan, the quality of adding chitosan and the modified reaction temperature, and the modified polymers` molecular weight met the requirement of oilfield, when the modified reaction temperature is not higher than 35℃ and the quality of adding chitosan is not higher than 3% of the quality of monomer. The solubility and solution stability of modified polymers were evaluated. The result showed that the increase of the concentration of thiol group in chitosan and the quality of adding chitosan effectively improved the performance of the hydrophobic associated polyacrylamide. The dissolution time of the polymer was shortened from 150 minutes before modification to 20 minutes, and the retention rate of the viscosity of the polymer solution was increased from 60% to more than 90%. The chitosan modification is expected to make up for some deficiencies in the hydrophobic associated polyacrylamide.

Heavy metal pollution treatment in water is one of the great challenges all over the world. Traditional treatment methods cannot meet the growing requirements of the sustainable development of our society because of high treatment cost and low efficiency. Nanocellulose has advantages of earth abundance, excellent chemical reactivity, large specific surface area, and relatively low density, and demonstrates its foreseeable applications in the removal of heavy metal ions in water. However, removing metal ions in water by nanocellulose adsorbents remains a challenge due to its low adsorption capacity, poor selectivity, poor reproducibility, and performance instability, which restricts its commercial applications. One of the effective methods to enhance the adsorption efficiency is by modifying the surface properties of nanocellulose and/or designing the structure of nanocellulose absorbents. This review first covered the recent advances in nanocellulose for removing heavy metal ions in water in terms of chemical modifications and structural design of nanocellulose. Then, the scientific problems existing in this field were summarized in detail. Finally, the future development trend of nanocellulose in the field of heavy metal ions removal in water was envisioned.

Limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) process has become the most widely used FGD process due to its wide source of absorbent, low cost and high desulfurization efficiency. In the wet desulfurization process, the coal-fired flue gas is washed by the spray slurry. Not only SO₂ can be removed efficiently, but also fine particles can be synergistically removed. However, there is also a problem that the concentration of the particulate matter in the outlet increases due to the entrainment of the lime slurry. In this paper, the application status of wet desulfurization have been reviewed firstly, the physical properties of fine particles before and after wet desulfurization system have been compared. Then the new methods for synergistic removal of fine particles by wet desulfurization have been outlined. The methods comprise the internal structure adjustment of the desulfurization tower and promoting the agglomeration of fine particles. And then the feasibilities of using charged water mist to adsorb fine particles and facilitating SO₂ removal in WFGD process have been analyzed. These methods may provide reference for the control of fine particulate matter emission in coal-fired power plants. Finally, It is pointed out that the future wet desulfurization technology not only achieve high desulfurization efficiency, but also can effectively remove fine particles that are not removed by electrostatic precipitator. The development trend of wet desulfurization technology is to achieve synergistic removal of multiple pollutants by multi-technology coupling.

Combined with the outstanding reducing property of zero-valent iron and enormous surface area of the nanometer materials, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) can efficiently remove heavy metals and organic pollutants from wastewater and becomes one of the hottest topics in environmental science. Previous studies have found that single nZVI particle can easily get agglomeration and surface oxidation, which can influence the morphology of nZVI particle and deteriorate the ability of removing contaminants. Based on current research status, this article has summarized the following contents: (1) the regular preparation methods of nZVI in recent years; (2) the modification methods to improve the activity and stability of nZVI, such as surfactants and loading materials; (3) the main mechanism, influencing factors and toxicological effect of using nZVI to remove heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Cu and As, and organic pollutants such as nitrobenzene, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from wastewater; (4) the toxicological effects of nZVI applied to the natural environment, and potential risks in environmental remediation process; and (5) the future research emphasis and direction of nZVI.

Ion adsorption rare earths mining has experienced pool leaching, heap leaching and in situ leaching processes. Nowadays, rare earth is recovered by leaching process with (NH₄)₂SO₄ solution in industry, and enriched by precipitating with NH₄HCO₃. This method has the advantages of simple process and low production cost. But the environmental problems such as soil salinization, ammonia nitrogen pollution, surface vegetation destruction and soil erosion are often accompanied, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of the ecological environment. In this paper, the environmental protection policies about ionic rare earth mining were introduced, and the reasons for the low utilization rate of rare earth resources (generally 50%—75%) were analyzed, mainly because of the uncertainty of liquid recovery project. In the leaching process, the destruction of vegetation on the surface caused by the arrangement of injection well pattern, the landslide caused by excessive saturation of injection, the problems of three wastes such as the excessive ammonia and nitrogen in soil and water, were expounded. The new methods and theories of in-situ leaching of ion adsorption rare earth ores, the new technology of ion adsorption rare earth ore leaching extraction integration, and the new technology of mine restoration were described. The analysis showed that to break through the environmental bottleneck of the development of ionic rare earth, it is necessary to further change the extraction process and improve the production preparation. Moreover, the development directions of green extraction process have been proposed.

To improve the adsorption capacity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), chlorine-substituted UiO-66 (UiO-66-Cl) was synthesized by replacing terephthalic acid with 2-chloroterephthalic acid as an organic ligand. With UiO-66, wood activated carbon (AC) and Bagasse as references, the adsorption capacity of UiO-66-Cl to Rhodamine B (Rh-B) and Congo Red (CR) in dyeing paper wastewater and its adaptability to pH of two dye solutions were studied. The adsorption process conditions of UiO-66-Cl were optimized. Based on isothermal adsorption models of Langmuir and Freundlich, the maximum adsorption capacity of this adsorbent was fitted. Finally, the performance of recovery, desorption and reuse of this adsorbent was also evaluated. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of UiO-66-Cl to Rh-B and CR and its adaptability to pH of two dye solutions were significantly higher than those of UiO-66, AC and Bagasse. The adsorption processes of UiO-66-Cl to Rh-B and CR were in accordance with the Freundlich isotherm adsorption model, indicating a multi-layer adsorption with heterogeneous multi-sites. Within the initial dye concentration range of 10—1000mg/L, the maximum adsorption capacity of UiO-66-Cl to Rh-B and CR were 94.28mg/L and 151.84mg/L, respectively. Compared with HCl (0.1mol/L), NaOH (0.1mol/L) and 95% (v/v) ethanol solutions, ethanol-HCl solution (volume ratio of 0.1mol/L HCl to 95% ethanol solution was 0.5∶99.5) was a good regeneration solvent system for UiO-66-Cl. When the initial dye concentration was 50mg/L, the removal of Rh-B and CR by regenerated UiO-66-Cl were both close to 90%. Therefore, UiO-66-Cl is a stable, efficient and regenerated adsorbent for the removal of Rh-B and CR from dyeing paper wastewater.

The mercaptan methyl tin waste stock was used as research object. Based on the element composition, XRD analysis and the feature of physical properties of the waste base, the study designed a basic idea that microwave-assisted dry distillation recovery of low-boiling substances from the waste stock was adopted and dechlorinated residue was taken as the tin smelting concentrate. The experimental results showed that dry distillation can recycle about 15.86% of low boiling matter and remove about 31.06% of chlorine. We systematically studied the effect of liquid-solid ratio of residue to hydrogen peroxide, oxidation standing time of hydrogen peroxide,liquid-solid ratio of residue to concentrated sulfuric acid and microwave hardening time on the removal ratios of chlorine. With liquid-solid ratio of hydrogen peroxide being 1∶5, oxidation standing time of hydrogen peroxide being 30min, liquid-solid ratio of residue to concentrated sulfuric being 1∶3 and microwave hardening time being 80min, the chlorine content in the residue was 0.59% and the chlorine removal rate could reach 97.48%, which meet the requirements of the enterprise tin smelting concentrate chlorine content less than 0.8%. Meanwhile, the mechanism of microwave leaching and characterization of residue by XRD and SEM were discussed, after which the dechlorination process of dry distillation residue was analyzed. This provided the theoretical basis for industrial removal of chlorine from mercaptan methyl tin waste stock. In addition, the research results had better application prospect.

The three-dimensional structure, mass change, biological activity and physical and chemical properties of different particle sizes and mixed particle size aerobic granule sludges (AGS) during storage were studied. After 31 days of storage at room temperature (16—25℃), the sludge structure remained good and there was no obvious disintegration. In the first 20 days of storage, the quality and specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of the mixed particle size AGS decreased slowly. Extracellular polymer (EPS) first decreased and then raised. Then, due to the anaerobic bacteria took advantage of the competition, its quality (46.3%), EPS (69.0%) and SOUR (72.7%) decreased significantly, resulting in a decrease in stability. After storage of different particle size AGS, the color was still orange and the structure was complete. The AGS mass loss of 1—2mm and 3—4mm particle size (49.1% and 53.9%, respectively) was larger, and the decrease of SOUR and EPS was also larger. The mass of AGS with 0.3—1mm particle size decreased lesser, and EPS decreased lesser, but the decrease of SOUR was larger, while the quality of 2—3mm particle size only decreased by 33.7%. The decrease of SOUR was the smallest (39.8%). The EPS decline was relatively small (58.7%), which showed that it could maintain good activity and stability during the storage.

Polyquaternary ammonium [P(DM-AM)] was employed to substitute traditional sludge dewatering agent polyacrylamide (PAM) in this study. The property of P(DM-AM) was verified by analyzing the dewatering performance, extracellular polymeric substances content, and filtrate quality. The results showed that P(DM-AM), as a cationic macromolecular flocculant, can improve the dewatering performance of sludge. When the dosage was 0.4%—0.5% (calculated according to the dry solids of sludge), capillary absorption time (CST) and specific resistance of sludge (SRF) decreased by 48% and 40%, respectively, and the thermal value of sludge could reach 2686cal/g. When CaO and FeCl₃ as sludge conditioners collaborated with P(DM-AM), sludge moisture removal rate increased by about 55% and the polysaccharides content in tightly bound-EPS (TB-EPS) was reduced by 74%. The Cl^- concentration in the sludge was 92.3mg/gDS, reduced by 6% compared with traditional PAM, which can relieve the influence of sludge incineration ash on incinerator. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the filtrate was reduced from 2120mg/L to 1941.8mg/L, which was conducive to the operation of wastewater treatment plant.

Aiming at the problems of high {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{+} content and low LPG yield in dry gas of delayed coking unit, the present situation and development trend of absorption and stabilization technology are reviewed. By analyzing and comparing the absorption performance of coker naphtha and stabilized gasoline, a new technology of segmented feeding in absorption tower is put forward. The technological route of the new process was expounded, and the position of the feeding section and the application effect of the structured packing were studied. Based on the comparison of thermodynamic methods, the simulation calculation and analysis are carried out. The results show that the new process technology greatly reduces the content of {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{+} in dry gas compared with the traditional technology. Moreover, the design of segmented feeding technology and the modification scheme of the structured packing arrangement of absorption tower are introduced for the coking absorption and stabilization industrial device of an enterprise, and the industrial application is carried out. The application results show that the new technology can reduce the content of {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{+} in dry gas by 1 to 2 percentage points, and the yield of LPG is obviously increased, with remarkable economic benefits.

The performance of MTO olefin separation process directly affects the quality of target product and the overall benefits. The previous cryogenic separation processes are gradually replaced by the inter-cooling separation processes because of process complex and high energy consumption. In the paper, several industrial separation processes for front-end depropanization are compared and discussed by process simluation. The result indicates that big discrepancies at the different processes are localized in the systems of depropanizer and demethanizer. The double-tower type of high and low pressure depropanizers can reduce the energy comsumption compared with the double-tower type of condensate stripping tower and depropanizer. For the demethanizer, the amount of absorbent in the single demethanizer type is more than that in the double-tower type of pre-segmentation and oil-absorption and the double-section single-tower type of oil-absorption and stripping. At present, the long circulation loop of absorbent in those existing processes increases working load and investment of each tower in the loop. Thus, a new design to short circulation loop of absorbent can reduce the tower equipment investment without increasing energy consumption.

Na-Tech event is a typical HILP (high-impact low-probability) event that has occurred in recent years, especially in Chemical Industry Park with high concentration of hazards. The complexity of the evolution process and mechanism of Na-Tech event makes it a difficult problem in the field of risk assessment. This paper first analyzes the Na-Tech event statistics literatures, clarifies the characteristics and laws of the most frequent natural disaster categories, the most vulnerable equipment types and their damage modes, and further explores the Na-Tech event deduction process, including the natural disaster and technical disaster. Then, the quantitative risk assessment methods for Na-Tech event in the current literatures are deeply analyzed, and it is pointed out that the calculation of equipment damage probability of natural disaster and technical disaster is the core problem. In addition, the Na-Tech event prevention and control system is discussed from six aspects: land use planning, equipment integrity, robustness and intrinsic safety technology, safety protection facilities, safety management, emergency response, post-disaster restoration and reconstruction. Finally, it is pointed out that the vulnerability of equipment under natural disasters and the coupling effect of multi-hazard factors are the breakthrough direction of Na-Tech research, and the key process of quantitative risk assessment.