Abstract:

The development of energy-saving technology is a very practical problem nowadays. One of the development directions of these technologies is the storage of heat energy in various industries. Phase change materials （PCMs） are widely used in latent thermal energy storage system and thermal management system due to their large latent heat and constant temperature. However, the phase transition temperature and latent heat of a single phase change material are relatively fixed, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of various latent heat and phase transition temperatures for various energy storage applications. Therefore, people have carried out research on binary or multi-element eutectic phase transition systems. In this paper, the research progress of (quasi-)eutectic PCMs and their composites materials in recent years is introduced. The theoretical design mechanism of (quasi-)eutectic PCMs is discussed. The different problems existing in (quasi-)eutectic PCMs are pointed out, and corresponding strategies are put forward. Finally, the limitations of (quasi-)eutectic PCMs in practical applications are pointed out. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the search for new PCMs, the establishment of heat transfer theoretical models, the mechanical properties and aging resistance of (quasi-)eutectic phase change composites, and the low storage density and poor durability under high temperature conditions.

Key words: eutectic, phase change, phase change materials (PCMs), composites, theoretical design, energy storage

摘要：

节能技术的发展是当今非常现实的问题，这些技术的发展方向之一是各行业的热能储存。相变储能材料由于其较大的潜热和恒温性，被广泛应用于潜热储能系统和热管理系统中。然而，单一相变材料的相变温度和潜热比较固定，难以同时满足多种储能应用对各种潜热、相变温度等性质的要求。因此，人们开展了关于二元或多元共晶相变体系的研究。本文介绍了近年来国内外（准）共晶相变储能材料及其复合材料的研究进展，探讨了（准）共晶相变储能材料的理论设计机理，指出了（准）共晶相变储能材料存在的不同问题并提出建议，最后指出了（准）共晶系相变储能材料在实际应用领域的局限，提出未来在寻找新型相变储能材料，建立传热理论模型，对（准）共晶系复合相变储能材料的力学性能、耐老化性能、储能密度低和高温条件下的耐久性差等方面需要进一步探索。

关键词: 共晶, 相变, 相变材料, 复合材料, 理论设计, 储能