Optimization of thermochemical energy storage reactor based on calcium and magnesium binary salt hydrates

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1763

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermochemical energy storage material of salt hydrate has high energy storage density, and the regeneration temperature is consistent with the temperature of solar collectors. It can be used to improve the utilization of solar energy. The optimization of thermochemical energy storage reactor based on salt hydrate is important for the thermal energy storage system. In this study, a two-dimensional numerical model of the packed bed reactor of Wakkanai Siliceous Shale (WSS) + MgCl₂/2CaCl₂ was established. The effects of the content of calcium and magnesium binary salt hydrate, particle size and the height of packed bed on the heat release process of packed bed were analyzed. The numerical simulation results showed that the outlet air temperature increased with the decrease of the particle size. The decay rate of the outlet air temperature decreased with the increase of the calcium-magnesium binary salt content, increased with the decrease of the particle size and decreased with incresing height of the packed bed. The large salt hydrate content and small particle size were conducive to get high heating power and energy storage density of the packed bed. When the height of the packed bed prolonged, the heat release power increased, while the energy storage density decreased. When the particle size of WSS20 was 2mm, the height of the packed bed reactor was 10cm, the energy storage density can reach 0.985GJ/m³, which was almost 4 times that of water.

Key words: thermochemical energy storage, solar energy, MgCl₂/2CaCl₂, packed bed, numerical simulation, energy storage density

摘要：

水合盐热化学储能技术储能密度高、再生温度与太阳能集热器的温度一致，在提高太阳能的利用和缓解能源紧张方面具有很好的应用前景，其中热化学储能反应器的设计优化则是重要环节。本文针对硅藻土（WSS）+ MgCl₂/2CaCl₂热化学储能系统，对填充床反应器建立了二维数值模型，对填充床的放热过程进行了研究，分析了钙镁二元盐含量、粒径大小、填充床高度对填充床放热过程的影响。数值模拟结果表明，填充床出口空气温升随粒径减小而增大；填充床出口空气温升的衰减速度随钙镁二元盐含量增大而减小，随粒径减小而增大，随填充床高度增大而减小；填充床的放热功率和储能密度随盐含量增大而增大，随粒径减小而增大，填充床高度增大时，填充床放热功率增大，而储能密度则减小。采用粒径为2mm的WSS20颗粒，填充高度为10cm的填充床反应器储能密度达到0.985GJ/m³，几乎是水的4倍。

关键词: 热化学储能, 太阳能, MgCl₂/2CaCl₂, 填充床, 数值模拟, 储能密度

CLC Number:

TK11

YE Zhendong, LIU Han, LYU Jing, ZHANG Yaning, LIU Hongzhi. Optimization of thermochemical energy storage reactor based on calcium and magnesium binary salt hydrates[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4307-4314.

叶振东, 刘涵, 吕静, 张亚宁, 刘洪芝. 基于钙镁二元盐的热化学储能反应器的性能优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4307-4314.

Figures/Tables 16

References 22

1	DONKERS P A, SOGUTOGLU L C, HUININK H P, et al. A review of salt hydrates for seasonal heat storage in domestic applications[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 199: 45-68.
2	VISSCHER K, VELDHUIS J B. Comparison of candidate materials for seasonal storage of solar heat through danamic simulation of building and renewable energy system[C]//Proceedings of the The 9th International Building Performance Simulation Association, Montreal, Canada, F August 15-18, 2005.
3	JARIMI Hasila, DEVRIM Aydin, ZHANG Yanan, et al. Materials characterization of innovative composite materials for solar-driven thermochemical heat storage (THS) suitable for building application[J]. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 2019, 14(3): 313-325.
4	JARIMI Hasila, AYDIN Devrim, ZHANG Yanan, et al. Review on the recent progress of thermochemical materials and processes for solar thermal energy storage and industrial waste heat recovery[J]. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 2019, 14(1): 44-69.
5	ZHANG Yannan, WANG Ruzhu. Sorption thermal energy storage: Concept, process, applications and perspectives[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 27: 352-369.
6	RAMMELBERG H U. Thermochemical heat storage materials—Performance of mixed salt hydrates[J]. Solar Energy, 2016, 136: 571-589.
7	ZHAO Qian, LIN Jianquan, HUANG Haotian, et al. Optimization of thermochemical energy storage systems based on hydrated salts: A review[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2021, 244: 111035.
8	AYDIN D, CASEY S P, CHEN X, et al. Novel “open-sorption pipe” reactor for solar thermal energy storage[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 121: 321-334.
9	MICHEL B, MAZET N, NEVEUET P, et al. Experimental investigation of an innovative thermochemical process operating with a hydrate salt and moist air for thermal storage of solar energy: Global performance[J]. Applied Energy, 2014, 129: 177-186.
10	LI Wei, GUO Hao, ZENG Min, et al. Performance of SrBr₂·6H₂O based seasonal thermochemical heat storage in a novel multilayered sieve reactor[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 198: 111843.
11	刘洪芝, 刘思琪, 叶振东, 等. 钙镁二元水合盐复合热化学储热单元的储热特性研究[J]. 流体机械, 2022, 50(7): 1-8, 28.
	LIU Hongzhi, LIU Siqi, YE Zhendong, et al. Study on energy storage performance of thermochemical heat storage unit based on composite calcium-magnesium binary salt hydrates[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2022, 50(7): 1-8, 28.
12	WINTERBERG M, TSOTSAS E, KRISCHKE A. A simple and coherent set of coefficients for modelling of heat and mass transport with and without chemical reaction in tubes filled with spheres[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2000, 55(5): 967-979.
13	MAJUMDAR Pradip. Heat and mass transfer in composite desiccant pore structures for dehumidification[J]. Solar Energy, 1998, 62(1): 1-10.
14	ERGUN S. Fluid flow through packed columns[J]. Chemical Engineering Progress, 1952, 48: 89-94.
15	KANDULA M. On the effective thermal conductivity of porous packed beds with uniform spherical particles[J]. Journal of Porous Media, 2011, 14(10): 919-926.
16	GLUECKAUF E. Theory of chromatography. Part 10.—Formulæ for diffusion into spheres and their application to chromatography[J]. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1955, 51: 1540-1551.
17	SUZUKI M. Adsorption engineering[M]. Japan: Kodansya Ltd., Tokyo and Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, 1990.
18	KENNARD E H. Kinetic theory of gases[M]. New York： McGraw-hill, 1938.
19	SLADEK K J, GILLILAND E R, BADDOUR R F. Diffusion on surfaces. Ⅱ. correlation of diffusivities of physically and chemically adsorbed species[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1974, 13(2): 100-105.
20	XU Chao, YU Zibo, XIE Yunyun, et al. Study of the hydration behavior of zeolite-MgSO₄ composites for long-term heat storage[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 129: 250-259.
21	GAEINI M, WIND R, DONKERS P A, et al. Development of a validated 2D model for flow, moisture and heat transport in a packed bed reactor using MRI experiment and a lab-scale reactor setup[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 113: 1116-1129.
22	SHEN Yongliang, LIU Shuli, MAZHAR A R, et al. A review of solar-driven short-term low temperature heat storage systems[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, 141: 110824.

参数	数值
参数	WSS	WSS7	WSS13	WSS20
钙镁二元盐的质量分数w/%	0	7.37	13.65	20.38
孔隙率e	0.60	0.57	0.55	0.52
表观密度ρ_s/kg·m^-3	856	924	991	1071
吸附热/J·mol^-1	40680

参数	数值
参数	WSS	WSS7	WSS13	WSS20
钙镁二元盐的质量分数w/%	0	7.37	13.65	20.38
孔隙率e	0.60	0.57	0.55	0.52
表观密度ρ_s/kg·m^-3	856	924	991	1071
吸附热/J·mol^-1	40680

时间/h	出口空气相对湿度的相对误差/%		出口空气温度的相对误差/%
时间/h	最大	最小	最大	最小
0~4	27.5	14.0	5.8	1.2
4~8	14.2	8.7	4.7	2.4
8~12	2.0	6.3	1.5	0.3
12~16	1.6	0.9	0.1	0.02

时间/h	出口空气相对湿度的相对误差/%		出口空气温度的相对误差/%
时间/h	最大	最小	最大	最小
0~4	27.5	14.0	5.8	1.2
4~8	14.2	8.7	4.7	2.4
8~12	2.0	6.3	1.5	0.3
12~16	1.6	0.9	0.1	0.02

[1]	WANG Yunfei, QIN Rui, ZHENG Lijun, LI Yan, LI Qingping. Research progress of rotating packed bed simulation through CFD method [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 1-9.
[2]	WANG Tai, SU Shuo, LI Shengrui, MA Xiaolong, LIU Chuntao. Dynamic behavior of single bubble attached to the solid wall in the AC electric field [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 133-141.
[3]	CHEN Kuangyin, LI Ruilan, TONG Yang, SHEN Jianhua. Structure design of gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cell [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 246-259.
[4]	YANG Yudi, LI Wentao, QIAN Yongkang, HUI Junhong. Analysis of influencing factors of natural gas turbulent diffusion flame length in industrial combustion chamber [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 267-275.
[5]	GUO Qiang, ZHAO Wenkai, XIAO Yonghou. Numerical simulation of enhancing fluid perturbation to improve separation of dimethyl sulfide/nitrogen via pressure swing adsorption [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 64-72.
[6]	SHAO Boshi, TAN Hongbo. Simulation on the enhancement of cryogenic removal of volatile organic compounds by sawtooth plate [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 84-93.
[7]	CHEN Lin, XU Peiyuan, ZHANG Xiaohui, CHEN Jie, XU Zhenjun, CHEN Jiaxiang, MI Xiaoguang, FENG Yongchang, MEI Deqing. Investigation on the LNG mixed refrigerant flow and heat transfer characteristics in coil-wounded heat exchanger (CWHE) system [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4496-4503.
[8]	LIU Xuanlin, WANG Yikai, DAI Suzhou, YIN Yonggao. Analysis and optimization of decomposition reactor based on ammonium carbamate in heat pump [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4522-4530.
[9]	ZHAO Xi, MA Haoran, LI Ping, HUANG Ailing. Simulation analysis and optimization design of mixing performance of staggered impact micromixer [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4559-4572.
[10]	YU Junnan, YU Jianfeng, CHENG Yang, QI Yibo, HUA Chunjian, JIANG Yi. Performance prediction of variable-width microfluidic concentration gradient chips by deep learning [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3383-3393.
[11]	SHAN Xueying, ZHANG Meng, ZHANG Jiafu, LI Lingyu, SONG Yan, LI Jinchun. Numerical simulation of combustion of flame retardant epoxy resin [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3413-3419.
[12]	WANG Shuo, ZHANG Yaxin, ZHU Botao. Prediction of erosion life of coal water slurry pipeline based on grey prediction model [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3431-3442.
[13]	ZHOU Longda, ZHAO Lixin, XU Baorui, ZHANG Shuang, LIU Lin. Advances in electrostatic-cyclonic coupling enhanced multiphase media separation research [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3443-3456.
[14]	LI Jiyan, JING Yanju, XING Guoyu, LIU Meichen, LONG Yong, ZHU Zhaoqi. Research progress and challenges of salt-resistant solar-driven interface photo-thermal materials and evaporator [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3611-3622.
[15]	LU Xingfu, DAI Bo, YANG Shiliang. Super-quadric discrete element method investigation of mixing behaviors of cylindrical particles in a rotating drum [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2252-2261.