Advances in the study and application of ultrasonic field in mass transfer process are reviewed. Applications of ultrasound for the enhancement of mass transfer processes are introduced including membrane separation processes，electrochemical processes，biochemical separation，heterogeneous chemical reactions etc. The present problems are discussed and the development tendency are proposed．

A sensitivity theory was introduced to study the operation properties and regulated characteristics of heat exchanger networks，a flexibility identification method based on sensitivity index was established，with which the flexibility space and flexibility properties can be obtained. The sensitive fluids in the heat exchanger were identified through sensitivity analysis，and a by-pass adjustment method was introduced for the control of these fluids. Hence，the fundamental rules and methods of by-pass adjustment of the heat exchanger and its networks were established. An application instance illustrated that the by-pass can reduce the disturbance transmission in the fluids which alters frequently and enables the network working in harsh conditions. The by-pass can guarantee the stability of most outlet parameters of fluids，which can reduce the number of utilities without cost increase. Meanwhile，the operation and structure optimization was also achieved by the by-pass adjustment.

The relationship between the affinity of 24 triphenylacrylonitrile derivatives acting on estrogen receptor in calf uterine tissue (lg1C) and X-hydroxy indicators (I)，molecular surface area (SA)，and the sum of net charge on B ring (QB) was discussed based on an improved back-propagation (BP) algorithm of artificial neural network (ANN). Selecting 20 compounds as the training set，the QSAR model was established with the ANN method. The residual 4 compounds as the prediction set were applied to test the predicted effect of the QSAR model. It was obtained that the correlation coefficient of QSAR model was R=0.9969 and the standard deviation was SD=0.0164. For the prediction set，R=0.9969 and SD=0.1533. The QSAR model for the same 24 compounds was also established with the multiple linear regression (MLR) method for comparison，with which R=0.9360 and SD=0.3779 were obtained. The results indicated that the fitted performance of ANN method is better than that of MLR model，which is comparatively precise and has a preferable predicted effect

Glass microchannels with inner surfaces of different wettabilities and roughnesses were obtained through modification by hydroxylation treatment to achieve hydrophilic surfaces，by self-assembly of chlorotrimethylsilane to achieve hydrophobic surfaces，and by sol-gel SiO2 nanoparticle deposition to generate rough surfaces. Effects of the inner surface properties of microchannels on the fluid flow characteristics therein have been systematically investigated. When the inner surfaces of microchannels are of the same wettability (hydrophilic or hydrophobic)，the resistance of rough surfaces to the fluid flow in the microchannel is larger than that of smooth surfaces，and such effect is more significant when the fluid flows faster. When the inner surfaces of microchannels are of the same roughness，the resistance of hydrophobic surfaces to the fluid flow in the microchannel is larger than that of hydrophilic surfaces，and such effect is also more significant when the fluid flows faster. In comparison，the effect of wettability of the inner surfaces of microchannel on fluid flow therein is larger than that of roughness. These results provide valuable guidance for the design and application of micro-flow system and micro-fluid machinery.

Positively charged nanofiltration membrane of polysulfone/Al2O3 composite was prepared by a immersion process. The influence of main technical conditions during membrane preparation on membrane transport parameters was studied including pure water flux，Na+ transport parameter and streaming potential. The morphologies of membrane surface and cross-section were observed by SEM. The structure of membrane surface active layer and and its formation mechanism were analysed by FTIR. In the enrichment of gold from thiourea leaching solution，the prepared membrane has a better rejection performance. At 0.65 MPa and 20℃，the rejection of gold(Ⅲ) could be reached to about 88%—95%.

Biomass gasification in supercritical water is a new technology dealing with biomass energy，which has attracted increasing attention due to high energy utilization efficiency and no pollution. This review summarizes the studies on biomass gasification in supercritical water together with the analysis of influencing factors for the reaction，such as temperature，pressure，concentration，residence time and catalysts etc. Methods to improve economical efficiency were obtained by evaluation analysis of the technology and gas products utilization .

Recent research progress in chromium-based catalysts for propane dehydrogenation is reviewed. The dehydrogenation mechanism of propane to propylene，the active sites and catalyst deactivation with chromium-based catalysts are discussed. Influencing factors for catalyst activity，including preparation method，carrier，additives，carbon accumulation and production technology are also summarized，and the perspective for future research is also presented.

Octadecanoic acid was synthesized by (NH4)3P2Mo18O62 catalyzed oxidation of octadecanol with 30% hydrogen peroxide. Effects of catalyst amount，30% H2O2 amount，reaction temperature，reaction time were investigated. The optimal conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiments，under the optimal condition which，i.e. m(catalyst)= 3.7% (relative to the dosage of octadecanol)，reactant molar ratio of octadecanol∶hydrogen peroxide with 1.0∶10.0 and reaction temperature of 95℃，reaction time of 4 h，the isolated yield of octadecanoic acid achieved 95.3%. The catalyst could be reused for 5 times and the isolated yield of octadecanoic acid was still above 91.6％.

A novel supported palladium (0) catalyst was prepared using silica beads grafted with black-wattle tannin (SiO2-BT) as the supporting matrix，and its catalytic activity for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene was investigated. The SiO2-BT supported Pd (0) catalyst (SiO2-BT-Pd) presented excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. The initial turnover frequency (TOF) was as high as 2061.5 mol/(mol•h) when the catalytic reaction was carried out in methanol at 50 ℃ under 1.0 MPa of H2. The conversion of nitrobenzene was achieved to 100% in 80 min with 99.5% selectivity for aniline. The catalyst can be reused for 4 times without significant loss in activity.

The synthesis of polycarbonate (PC) by melt transesterification from diphenol carbonate (DPC) with 4,4’-dihydroxy-diphenyl-2,2-propane (BPA) using tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide (TEAH) as catalyst was experimentally studied. The properties of the resulting polymer was influenced markedly by the operating conditions including the concentration of catalyst，the ratio of DPC/BPA and reaction times in different processing stages. Compared with NaOH，using TEAH as catalyst under the optimized process conditions，an almost colorless PC was obtained with relatively higher molecular weight，narrower molecular weight distribution and less branching and rearranging side-products.

Multicomponent heteropoly compounds (Cpyr)3+xPVxMoyW12-x-yO40•nH2O with Keggin structure were synthesized and proved by FTIR and X-ray spectroscopies．With 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidant，benzyl alcohol was efficiently oxidized to benzaldehyde over reaction-controlled phase-transfer catalysts (Cpyr)3+xPVxMoyW12-x-yO40. Effects of the type of catalyst，the amount of catalyst and H2O2，the kind of solvent，reaction temperature and time were investigated．Under the optimal conditions，i.e.，with 0.1 mol of benzyl alcohol，0.04 mmol of (Cpyr)5PV2Mo5W5O40 catalyst and 0.1mol of 30% H2O2，reaction temperature 100 ℃，10 mL water as the solvent，88.51% conversion of benzyl alcohol and 96.06% selectivity for benzaldehyde were achieved within 8h．

Electromagnetic stirring and oscillation bath were used to prepare Pd/(activated carbon) catalyst for the decomposition of formic acid，and the effects of activated carbon modification and preparation methods to catalytic activity were investigated. Using thermostatic water oscillation device，the activity of catalyst was evaluated at 80 ℃ by the rate of formic acid decomposition. Results showed that Pd/AC catalysts prepared from activated carbon modified with different acid，alkali and salt solutions have different activity for the decomposition of formic acid. Pd/AC catalyst prepared from activated carbon modified with Na2CO3 solution under electromagnetic stirring shows the highest catalytic activity with decomposition of higher than 85% for formic acid aqueous solution and higher than 70% for the formic acid in industrial wastewater.

Compared with carbon anode materials，tin-based anode materials have advantages of high capacity density and good safety，which therefore become one of the research hotspots in novel anode materials for power lithium ion battery. The research progress of tin-based anode materials in recent years are presented in this paper with focuses on the problems of high irreversible capacity in the first cycle and poor cycle performance. Moreover，the comparison and analysis in material preparation methods，structures and electrochemical performances are also provided.

Collagen and collagen-based materials are widely used in biomedicine，leather，food and daily chemical industries. During the processing，application and preservation，the collagen is often exposed to UV irradiation，placed in the environment with varied temperature，humidity or pH，immersed in salt solutions，or eroded by bacillus，which resulted in the structure and properties changes of collagen materials. This article reviews the influence of several important factors on the structure and properties of collagen. The influence of UV irradiation，solutions and heat on the changes in thermal stability，triple helices structure and aggregation structure is summarized.

Template method is preferable to other approaches for the preparation of nanomaterials，with which the structure，morphology and size of nanomaterials can be effectively controlled by simply altering the nature of template and the preparation conditions. Therefore，preparation of nanomaterials by means of template method is a hot research topic in materials science and attracts much attention in recent years. The present review summarizes the development in preparation of nanomaterials with soft and hard template methods. Finally，the developing trends of template method for preparing nanomaterials are proposed.

Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles were fabricated via water-in-oil (W/O) reverse microemulsion process. Using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as reducing agent，the silver core was formed in water droplets and packed with amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2 shell) formed by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) at the water/oil interface. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by TEM，UV-Vis and XRD measurements respectively. The diameter of the obtained nanoparticles is approximately from 50 to 100 nm. The size of inner silver core varies by altering the R value (the molar ratio of water to surfactant). The formation of core-shell nanoparticles is affected by the order of ammonia addition. UV-Vis spectra indicated that the plasma resonance absorption of silver core wrapped with SiO2 has a red shift. XRD pattern proved that the nanoparticles have a structure with a crystalline silver core and an amorphous SiO2 shell.

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) carbon materials were successfully synthesized by using colloid crystal template which was self-assembled by sedimentation of SiO2 spheres with 540nm diameter. The voids between the SiO2 spheres were infiltrated with glucose solution as carbon precursor，and then the glucose was converted into carbon by carbonization. The template was removed with aqueous hydrofluoric acid. The obtained carbon materials exhibited a well-ordered array of hexagonally packed macropores with diameter of 510nm corresponding to a shrinkage of 5.6%. The macropores kept three-dimensionally interconnected macroporous networks through small windows. The walls of pores indicated a pore size distribution of mesopore with diameters of 2~10nm，which cooperated with the surface-templating replication resulted in a BET surface area of 948m2/g. The XRD spectrum showed the materials consisted of turbostratic graphite.

Moisture-curable polyurethane hot-melt adhesives for auto-lamps were synthesized from polyol and diphenyl methane-4,4′-diisocyanate (MDI). The viscosity，viscosity stability and green strength of the adhesive were studied. The peel strength was 980 N/25 mm and thermal resistance was 180 ℃ when the crystalline polyester content was 10% and the thermoplastic polyester content was 15%. The hotmelt adhesive is satisfied with the requirements of auto-lamps sealing and assembling.

Surface modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films by remote argon plasma were studied. The surface properties were characterized by contact angle measurement，scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that the remote argon plasma treatment can modify the PTFE film surface in both morphology and composition more effectively than argon plasma. Moreover，remote plasma treatment can enhance the radical reaction and inhibit the etching reaction by electrons and ions. After the PTFE film surface was treated for 100 s by remote argon plasma，the F/C decreased from 1.97 to 1.44，the O/C increased from 0.015 to 0.086，the water contact angle decreased from 108° to 53°，and the surface free energy increased from 22.4×10-5 N•cm-1 to about 52.3×10-5 N•cm-1.

A series of aliphatic anionic waterborne polyurethane nano-dispersions (PUD) with different hard segment content (HSC) were prepared by prepolymer mixing method starting from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and poly(ethylene adipate) glycol. Effects of HSC on the structure and properties of PUD have been studied by FTIR, GPC, DSC and other property tests. The increment in HSC leads to a larger average emulsion particle size, but still below 100 nm，and the size distribution becomes wider. FTIR spectra illustrated that more hydrogen bonded urea groups exist in the polymer structure at higher HSC, and the number average molecular weight has a slightly increase as measured by GPC. According to DSC analyses, the glass transition temperature of hard segment increases while that of soft segment decrease indicating an enhanced phase separation at higher HSC. The tensile strength of resultant film prepared from the PUD has a highest value of 52 MPa at 30% HSC, and the breaking elongation decreases dramatically from 2250% to 864% with the HSC increasing. The water resistance is the best at the highest HSC.

The preparation conditions of alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) microcapsules with liquid core and good mechanical strengthwere optimized by response surface method. In the first optimization step，a Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of related factors. The concentration and pH of chitosan solution have a positive effect to the membrane mechanical strength，while the pH of sodium citrate has a negativeeffect. The rest of other preparation conditions has no significant influence on the membrane mechanical strength. The path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of the optimized conditions subsequently. In the third step，the concentration and pH of chitosan solution and the pH of sodium citratethe were further optimized using central composite designs and response surface analysis. Verification experiment under the optimized conditions presented a Sw(%) value of －14.62%，which is in line with the theoretical value of －15.41%. Under the optimized condition，ACA microcapsules with liquid core demonstrate good performance in mass transferring and biocompatibility.

Exponential fed-batch culture strategy were carried out to produce cholesterol oxidase (COD) using recombinant E. coli high cell-density culture. High cell-density was achieved by specific growth rate grading-control，and the final cell dry weight was 40.128g/L. The optimum induction time was determined as in the mid-logarithmic phase. Under the optimized cultivation conditions，the COD production rate was 1287.31U/(L•h). The highest COD activity (6436.56U/L) and highest COD productivity [459.75U/(L•h)] were achieved.

An ultrasonic-microwave alternant method for extracting dihydroquercetin from larch wood was applied by using dihydroquercetin yield as an index. The extraction was conducted using 60% ethanol as solvent，the solid to liquid ratio of 1∶12，and soakage time of 3 hours. The microwave treatment time was 10 min，ultrasonic treatment time was 40 min respectively and the extraction was performed one time with the strongest power. The ultrasonic-microwave alternant extraction was performed by ultrasonic extraction for 40 min and then microwave extraction for 10min. The yield of dihydroquercetin with ultrasonic and microwave extraction were 0.034% and 0.074% respectively，while that of ultrasonic-microwave alternant extraction was 0.12% which is much higher than ultrasonic and microwave extraction alone. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation，the ultrasonic-microwave alternant effect of substance dissolution from plant cell was the most obvious among the above-mentioned three methods.

A series of macroporous polystyrene grafted with quarternary ammonium salts as tri-phase phase transfer catalysts were prepared for the synthesis of 1,2-ethanedithiol. Factors that influence the reaction were investigated including the type of tertiary amine，reaction temperature，amount of catalyst，molar ratio of 1,2-dibromoethane to sodium hydrosulfide，amount of solvent，pH value and concentration of aqueous solution of NaHS，grinding catalyst or not etc. Proper reaction conditions were obtained based on 0.1mol 1,2-dibromoethane as n(1,2-dibromoethane)∶n(NaHS)=1∶2.2, polystyrene grafted with triethylamine 0.7 g（containing quarternary ammonium salt 0.002mol），toluene 8.6 mL，pH value of NaHS aqueous solution adjusted by NH4Cl to about 12，concentration of NaHS aqueous solution 10mol/L，reaction temperature 75 ℃，reaction time 5.5 h，under which the conversion of 1,2-dibromoethane is higher than 99% and yield of 1,2-ethanedithiol is 50%～55%. The catalyst can be used for five times with no obviously negative effect.

During the three-step preparation of Galaxolide with α-methyl styrene，tert-amyl alcohol，propylene oxide and polyformaldehyde as starting materials，some factors have been analyzed including the effect of catalyst on the formation of indene，the effect of solvent on the formation of indanol and the effect of catalyst on the formation of Galaxolide. Finally，a better synthetic process for Galaxolide was identified，which is more environmentally benign and more cost-effective.

The disposition of excessive carbon dioxide from industries，namely carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS)，is summarized. Four types of carbon dioxide separation techniques as well as an industrial carbon dioxide capture system are introduced. The principle of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and its application in carbon dioxide capture from flue gas are described. Recent developments in PSA cycle design，adsorbents，simulations and industrial applications are reviewed. Existing problems that need to be resolved in current PSA technologies are analysed. It is concluded that PSA is a promising technology for carbon dioxide capture.

Sludge incineration is one of the most popular technologies in sewage sludge treatment for its advantages of high processing rate，maximum volume reduction and the reuse of calorific power. While its popularization and application is limited by the emission of heavy metals，dioxin，NOx，SOx，etc. Therefore，it is necessary to study the secondly pollution in sludge incineration process. Moreover，the investigation in sludge incineration residue utilization is another important issue.

High-rate anaerobic treatment has become one of the most popular designs for effluent treatment in recent years owing to its inherent priority in application. This paper summarizes the current situation in the study and application of anaerobic reactors，and then provides a review on the latest research progress in the hydrodynamics of these reactors and sludge granules. Finally，some problems in the related research area existed in China are analyzed. It is suggested that an interdisciplinary cooperation is an important direction for the study and application of anaerobic treatment.

The wastewater in iron pyrite exploitation contains lots of iron (with low acidity) and has a potential harm to environment. The treatment and utilization of iron pyrite wastewater is meaningful for environment protection. Thus，the preparation of black iron pigment from iron pyrite wastewater were explored with a wet oxidation precipitation method through regulating the pH of the original reaction solution (7—12)，reaction temperature (70—95℃)，reaction time (1—4.5h) and the stirring rate (50—250 r/min). Black iron pigment with high quality was obtained at the conditions of pH 9.5，temperature 85℃，reaction time 2.5h and stirring rate 150 r/min. XRD and SEM analysis showed that the particle size of the prepared black iron pigment is about 60nm，and Fe3O4 content is higher than 95%. The product can reach the requirements for the first-grade standard in black iron pigment industry.

An extraction distillation desulfurization for cyclopentane is proposed when using sodium hydroxide solution as the extractant. Effects of alkali concentration，the ratio of catalyst to oil，reflux ratio and assistant solvent on the desulfurization are discussed. Results showed that the sufur content reduced to the lowest of 0.13mg/L，where the desulfurization ratio reached to 97.8% under the optimal conditions. The optimal conditions are composed of a column in the stripping section，4% of sodium hydroxide concentration，4∶3 of catalyst to oiland 1∶5 of flux ratio.

The technologies of distillation and dehydration for producing fuel-grade ethanol from dilute fermentation broths have been studied，and a partial condensation technique in the overhead condenser is proposed. This proposed technique is compared through simulation using commercial software with the original process and the anhydrous ethanol reflux azeotropic distillation technique recently developed with emphasis on the energy efficiency of each process. Both the partial condensation technique and the anhydrous ethanol reflux azeotropic distillation technique show great advantage in energy saving according to the simulation results.

Catalyst for C2 front-end hydrogenation was prepared via equality design methodology，and the composition and preparation technics were optimized. The prepared catalyst was compared with the commercially available catalyst in a simulating industry unit for 1000 h. It was proved that the activity of the prepared catalyst is slightly lower than that of the commercial one，while the prepared catalyst has a better selectivity. XPS analysis revealed that the prepared catalyst has a stronger effect with Pd-Ag alloy，and XRF analysis illustrated that the prepared catalyst has a less active composition on the catalyst surface.

Through industrial trials for cyclohexanone-oxime synthesis catalyzed with molecular sieves HTS-1，the activity and the life of fresh and regenerated HTS-1 catalysts have been investigated. The running results showed that the conversion of cyclohexanone was above 99.6%，and the selectivity for cyclohexanone oxime was above 99.5%，and the single circle life of HTS-1 was no less than 600 h. The separation and on-line recycle of HTS-1catalyst were achived through ceramic microfiltration，and the wall-sticking problem of HTS-1 catalyst was resolved through a technology of corrugated tube heat exchange.