Abstract: Octadecanoic acid was synthesized by (NH4)3P2Mo18O62 catalyzed oxidation of octadecanol with 30% hydrogen peroxide. Effects of catalyst amount，30% H2O2 amount，reaction temperature，reaction time were investigated. The optimal conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiments，under the optimal condition which，i.e. m(catalyst)= 3.7% (relative to the dosage of octadecanol)，reactant molar ratio of octadecanol∶hydrogen peroxide with 1.0∶10.0 and reaction temperature of 95℃，reaction time of 4 h，the isolated yield of octadecanoic acid achieved 95.3%. The catalyst could be reused for 5 times and the isolated yield of octadecanoic acid was still above 91.6％.

摘要： 以Dawson结构磷钼酸铵为催化剂，用30%H2O2水溶液为氧化剂，研究了十八醇液相选择氧化制十八酸的反应。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、H2O2用量、反应温度等因素对催化反应的影响。通过单因素检验和正交试验确定了反应的最佳条件：催化剂用量为十八醇质量的3.7%，n(H2O2)/n(醇)比值为10∶1，反应温度为95℃，反应时间为4h，收率可达95.3%。催化剂重复使用5次后，十八酸的收率仍可达91.6%。