Abstract: A sensitivity theory was introduced to study the operation properties and regulated characteristics of heat exchanger networks，a flexibility identification method based on sensitivity index was established，with which the flexibility space and flexibility properties can be obtained. The sensitive fluids in the heat exchanger were identified through sensitivity analysis，and a by-pass adjustment method was introduced for the control of these fluids. Hence，the fundamental rules and methods of by-pass adjustment of the heat exchanger and its networks were established. An application instance illustrated that the by-pass can reduce the disturbance transmission in the fluids which alters frequently and enables the network working in harsh conditions. The by-pass can guarantee the stability of most outlet parameters of fluids，which can reduce the number of utilities without cost increase. Meanwhile，the operation and structure optimization was also achieved by the by-pass adjustment.

摘要： 从研究换热网络的运行特性和调节特性出发，引入灵敏度理论，建立了基于灵敏度评价指标的柔性识别方法，获得了换热网络的柔性特性和柔性区间。通过柔性分析捕获换热网络中的敏感流体，并将旁路调节应用在此类敏感流体的调节控制，建立了换热器及其网络的旁路调节方法。实例应用表明：针对频繁扰动或对运行性能影响严重的流体设置旁路，抑制了流体扰动作用的传递，保证了换热网络中绝大多数流体出口参数的稳定，在公用工程费用不变的基础上显著地减少了公用工程的数目，优化换热网络结构的同时实现了运行优化。