阻燃环氧树脂/低分子聚苯醚材料的制备及性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0354

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过采用低聚磷酸酯阻燃剂双酚A双(二苯基)磷酸酯（BDP）对环氧树脂/低分子量聚苯醚（EP/PPO）复合材料改性，得到了EP/PPO/BDP阻燃复合材料。通过同惠LCR电桥、热重分析（TGA）、垂直燃烧（UL-94）、极限氧指数（LOI）、锥形量热和力学测试，研究液体阻燃剂BDP对EP/PPO复合材料介电性能、热降解性能、阻燃性能和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明，当BDP质量分数为10%时，复合材料的介电常数从2.81降低到1.27（2M）；材料的初始降解温度略有降低，但高温下的残炭率明显增加；仅加入5%的BDP即可使EP/PPO材料达到UL-94 V-0，在很大程度上降低了EP的热释放速率、烟释放量和有毒气体释放量，有效降低了EP的危险火灾性；与此同时材料自身优良的力学性能得到保持，说明BDP与EP/PPO材料的相容性良好。

关键词: 复合材料, 热降解性能, 介电性能, 阻燃性能, 力学性能

Abstract:

EP/PPO/BDP flame retardant composites were prepared by modifying epoxy resin/the low molecular weight polyphenylene (EP/PPO) with bis(diphenyl)phosphate (BDP). Through LCR bridge, TGA, UL-94, LOI, cone calorimetry and mechanical tests, the effects of liquid flame retardant BDP on dielectric properties, thermal degradation properties, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EP/PPO composites were studied. The results showed that the dielectric constant of the composites decreased from 2.81 to 1.27 (2M) when the loading of BDP was 10%. Although the initial degradation temperature of the composites decreased slightly, the char residue increased obviously at the high temperature. Only adding 5% BDP could make EP/PPO materials reached UL-94 V-0, which reduced the heat release rate, the smoke release and the toxic gas release of EP to a great extent. The fire hazard of EP composites was effectively reduced at the same time. The excellent mechanical properties of the EP/PPO composites were maintained, which indicated that the compatibility of the BDP and the EP/PPO composites was good.

Key words: composites, thermal degradation performance, dielectric property, flame retardant, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TQ32

单雪影, 李玲玉, 张濛, 张家傅, 李锦春. 阻燃环氧树脂/低分子聚苯醚材料的制备及性能[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1533-1541.

SHAN Xueying, LI Lingyu, ZHANG Meng, ZHANG Jiafu, LI Jinchun. Preparation and properties of flame retardant epoxy resin/low molecular weight polyphenylene ether materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1533-1541.

图/表 11

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样品	试样组成		LOI/%	UL-94		2M
样品	PPO/%	BDP/%	LOI/%	滴落	等级	介电常数D_k	介电损耗D_f
EP	0	0	26.0	是	无等级	2.81	0.0106
EP/PPO/BDP0	15	0	24.0	是	无等级	2.35	0.003
EP/PPO/BDP5	15	5	29.5	否	V-0	1.75	0.0047
EP/PPO/BDP7.5	15	7.5	31.5	否	V-0	1.61	0.0034
EP/PPO/BDP10	15	10	32.5	否	V-0	1.27	0.0018
EP/PPO/BDP12.5	15	12.5	31.7	否	V-0	1.43	0.0037
EP/PPO/BDP15	15	15	30.5	否	V-0	1.38	0.0036

样品	试样组成		LOI/%	UL-94		2M
样品	PPO/%	BDP/%	LOI/%	滴落	等级	介电常数D_k	介电损耗D_f
EP	0	0	26.0	是	无等级	2.81	0.0106
EP/PPO/BDP0	15	0	24.0	是	无等级	2.35	0.003
EP/PPO/BDP5	15	5	29.5	否	V-0	1.75	0.0047
EP/PPO/BDP7.5	15	7.5	31.5	否	V-0	1.61	0.0034
EP/PPO/BDP10	15	10	32.5	否	V-0	1.27	0.0018
EP/PPO/BDP12.5	15	12.5	31.7	否	V-0	1.43	0.0037
EP/PPO/BDP15	15	15	30.5	否	V-0	1.38	0.0036

样品	T_-5%/℃	T_max/℃	800℃残炭量/%
EP	370.8	399.6	15.4
EP/PPO/BDP0	373.3	401.1	16.3
EP/PPO/BDP5	356.3	402.1	24.4
EP/PPO/BDP7.5	360.8	398.4	23.4
EP/PPO/BDP10	346.0	395.8	21.6
EP/PPO/BDP12.5	346.8	392.8	20.9
EP/PPO/BDP15	338.3	387.4	19.4

样品	T_-5%/℃	T_max/℃	800℃残炭量/%
EP	370.8	399.6	15.4
EP/PPO/BDP0	373.3	401.1	16.3
EP/PPO/BDP5	356.3	402.1	24.4
EP/PPO/BDP7.5	360.8	398.4	23.4
EP/PPO/BDP10	346.0	395.8	21.6
EP/PPO/BDP12.5	346.8	392.8	20.9
EP/PPO/BDP15	338.3	387.4	19.4

样品	TTI/s	PHRR/kW·m^-2	THR/MJ·m^-2	TSP/m²	PSPR/m²·s^-1	FGI/kW·m^-2·s^-1	FPI/s·kW^-1·m^-2	残炭量/%
EP	97	948.0	101.7	52.8	0.39	5.6	0.102	12.7
EP/PPO/BDP0	88	802.1	90.0	55.0	0.44	5.5	0.110	15.0
EP/PPO/BDP5	76	322.5	50.5	29.3	0.77	2.7	0.182	17.3
EP/PPO/BDP7.5	73	313.4	42.9	27.7	0.28	2.2	0.236	19.3
EP/PPO/BDP10	80	251.0	37.7	32.1	0.26	1.7	0.319	20.5
EP/PPO/BDP12.5	87	281.7	39.7	35.6	0.36	1.8	0.270	22.2
EP/PPO/BDP15	85	309.1	41.8	37.4	0.38	2.2	0.263	20.0