熔体微分电纺PLA/PCL微纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0459

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善聚乳酸（PLA）的韧性，将聚己内酯（PCL）与PLA熔融共混作为纺丝原料，使用熔体微分静电纺丝方法制备PLA/PCL纤维膜，研究了原料配比、纺丝温度、纺丝电压和收集辊转速对PLA/PCL纤维膜纤维直径、力学性能、亲疏水性和孔隙率的影响。结果表明：在PLA/PCL配比为7∶3、纺丝温度为230℃、纺丝电压为40kV、收集辊转速为2200r/min条件下制备的纤维膜纤维最小平均直径可达(2.049±0.438)μm，纤维膜的抗拉强度为13.68MPa，断裂伸长率为175%；相较于PLA纤维膜，其抗拉强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了115%和21.5%。其他纺丝条件不变，随着收集辊转速的增加，PLA/PCL纤维膜的孔隙率和水接触角呈现先升高后降低的趋势，在收集辊转速为1400r/min时，纤维膜具有强疏水性，水接触角为144.3°，孔隙率可达74.42%。本文对使用绿色方法高效制备满足不同需求的纤维膜具有重要意义。

关键词: 熔体微分静电纺丝, 聚合物加工, 复合材料, 纤维膜, 力学性能

Abstract:

In order to enhance the toughness of polylactic acid (PLA) melt electrospun fiber, a blend of polycaprolactone (PCL) and PLA was used as the electrospun material. PLA/PCL ultrafine fiber membranes were prepared using melt differential electrospinning. The effects of PCL and PLA ratios, electrospinning temperatures, voltages and rotational speeds of the roller on the fineness, mechanical properties, and hydrophilicity and porosity of the PLA/PCL melt electrospun fiber were investigated. It was found that under the condition of a 7∶3 ratio between PLA and PCL, a temperature of 230℃, voltage of 40kV and rotational speed of 2200r/min, PLA/PCL electrospun fiber achieved a minimum average diameter of (2.049±0.438)μm. The tensile strength increased by 115% to reach 13.68MPa while elongation increased by 21.5% to reach 175% compared to pure PLA melt electrospun membranes. Additionally, it was observed that porosity initially increased but subsequently decreased with an increase in collector roll speed for the PLA/PCL ultrafine fiber membranes. At a roller speed of 1400r/min, these membranes exhibited strong hydrophobic properties with a water contact angle measuring at approximately 144.3°along with remarkable porosity reaching up to 74.42%. This study was significant in efficiently fabricating ultrafine fiber membranes tailored to diverse requirements using environmentally-friendly techniques.

Key words: melt differential electrospinning, polymer processing, composites, fibrous membrane, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TS174

高觊兴, 丁玉梅, 张超, 谭晶, 丁熙, 李好义, 杨卫民. 熔体微分电纺PLA/PCL微纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(S1): 457-468.

GAO Jixing, DING Yumei, ZHANG Chao, TAN Jing, DING Xi, LI Haoyi, YANG Weimin. Preparation and properties of PLA/PCL micro-nano fiber membrane by melt differential electrospinning[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(S1): 457-468.

图/表 13

图1 熔体微分静电纺丝装置示意图

表1 PLA/PCL纤维膜制备工艺参数

样品编号	PLA/PCL 原料配比	纺丝温度 /℃	纺丝电压 /kV	收集辊转速 /r·min^-1
1	10∶0	230	40	1000
2	8∶2	230	40	1000
3	7∶3	230	40	1000
4	6∶4	230	40	1000
5	5∶5	230	40	1000
6	4∶6	230	40	1000
7	0∶10	230	40	1000
8	7∶3	210	40	1000
9	7∶3	220	40	1000
10	7∶3	240	40	1000
11	7∶3	250	40	1000
12	7∶3	230	28	1000
13	7∶3	230	32	1000
14	7∶3	230	36	1000
15	7∶3	230	44	1000
16	7∶3	230	40	600
17	7∶3	230	40	1400
18	7∶3	230	40	1800
19	7∶3	230	40	2200

图2 PLA、PCL和不同配比PLA/PCL共混材料热失重曲线

图3 不同原料配比下PLA/PCL纤维的SEM和纤维直径分布图

图4 不同原料配比下PLA/PCL纤维的平均直径

图5 不同原料配比对纤维膜力学性能的影响

图6 不同纺丝温度下PLA/PCL纤维的SEM和纤维直径分布图

图7 不同纺丝温度对纤维膜纤维直径和力学性能的影响

图8 不同纺丝电压下PLA/PCL纤维的SEM图和纤维直径分布图

图9 不同纺丝电压对纤维膜纤维直径和力学性能的影响

图10 不同收集辊转速下PLA/PCL纤维的SEM和纤维直径分布图

图11 不同收集辊转速对纤维膜纤维直径和力学性能的影响

图12 不同收集辊转速对PLA/PCL纤维膜孔隙率和水接触角的影响

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