废弃生物质复合相变材料的构建与应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1929

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相变材料（PCM）可以通过自身的相变来储存或向外释放热量，从而减少能源供需失衡，提高能源的有效利用，但其固液相变过程中的泄漏和导热性差等缺点限制了其进一步发展。废弃生物质材料是一类可再生能源，价格低廉，来源广泛，大多属于多孔介质，是相变材料的良好载体。废弃生物质复合PCM利用生物质丰富的孔结构高效封装PCM，不仅改善了这些缺点，而且实现了固碳。本文综述了几种常与废弃生物质复合的相变材料（聚乙二醇、石蜡和脂肪酸）的基本性质、相变特性和结合方法，总结了废弃生物质复合PCM的构建方法以及在太阳能利用、建筑节能、热致变色纺织品、冷链温度控制、农业技术等领域的应用，讨论了生物质复合PCM的发展局限性和未来展望。本综述将为推进生物质复合PCM的研究提供参考，这对于资源循环利用以及绿色低碳发展至关重要。

关键词: 生物质, 相变, 复合材料, 多孔介质, 再生能源

Abstract:

Phase change material (PCM) can store or release heat through their own phase change, thus reducing the energy supply-demand imbalance and improving the effective use of energy, but their drawbacks such as leakage during solid-liquid phase change and poor thermal conductivity limit their further development. Waste biomass materials are a class of renewable energy, inexpensive, widely available, and mostly belong to porous media, which are good carriers of PCM. Waste biomass composites utilize the rich pore structure of biomass to efficiently encapsulate PCM, which not only improves the drawbacks mentioned above, but also achieves carbon sequestration. This paper reviews the basic properties, phase change characteristics and binding methods of several PCMs (polyethylene glycol, paraffin wax and fatty acids) that are often composited with waste biomass, summarizes the construction methods of waste biomass composites as well as their applications in the fields of solar energy utilization, architectural energy saving, thermochromic textiles, cold chain temperature control, agricultural technology, etc., and discusses the development limitations and future prospects of biomass composites. This review provides a reference for advancing the research of biomass composites, which is crucial for resource recycling as well as green and low-carbon development.

Key words: biomass, phase change, composites, porous media, renewable energy

中图分类号:

TK02

江慧珍, 罗凯, 王艳, 费华, 吴登科, 叶卓铖, 曹雄金. 废弃生物质复合相变材料的构建与应用[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(7): 3934-3945.

JIANG Huizhen, LUO Kai, WANG Yan, FEI Hua, WU Dengke, YE Zhuocheng, CAO Xiongjin. Construction and application of waste biomass composite phase change materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 3934-3945.

图/表 12

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生物质载体	相变材料	实验方法	改善效果
碳化柚子皮（CPP）	PEG-4000	真空浸渍法	相变过程无泄漏
桉树木粉（WF）	PEG	真空浸渍法	抗泄漏性能较好
玉米秸秆生物炭（CSBCs）	PEG	真空浸渍法	有良好的抗泄漏性，导热系数提高了32%
杏仁壳生物炭（ASB）	PEG	真空浸渍法	相变过程无泄漏，导热系数提高了60%
PPF	PEG	真空浸渍法	相变过程无泄漏，导热系数提高了75%

生物质载体	相变材料	实验方法	改善效果
碳化柚子皮（CPP）	PEG-4000	真空浸渍法	相变过程无泄漏
桉树木粉（WF）	PEG	真空浸渍法	抗泄漏性能较好
玉米秸秆生物炭（CSBCs）	PEG	真空浸渍法	有良好的抗泄漏性，导热系数提高了32%
杏仁壳生物炭（ASB）	PEG	真空浸渍法	相变过程无泄漏，导热系数提高了60%
PPF	PEG	真空浸渍法	相变过程无泄漏，导热系数提高了75%

生物质载体	相变材料	实验方法	改善效果
活化大蒜皮（AGP）	石蜡（PA）	真空浸渍法	有良好的抗泄漏性
生物基稻壳灰（RHA）	PA	熔融共混法	相变过程无泄漏，导热系数提高了77%
棕榈油燃料灰（POFA）	PA	直接浸渍法	有良好的抗泄漏性
废咖啡渣(C)	蜂蜡(W)	熔融共混法	没有发生明显的泄漏

生物质载体	相变材料	实验方法	改善效果
活化大蒜皮（AGP）	石蜡（PA）	真空浸渍法	有良好的抗泄漏性
生物基稻壳灰（RHA）	PA	熔融共混法	相变过程无泄漏，导热系数提高了77%
棕榈油燃料灰（POFA）	PA	直接浸渍法	有良好的抗泄漏性
废咖啡渣(C)	蜂蜡(W)	熔融共混法	没有发生明显的泄漏

生物质载体	相变材料	实验方法	改善效果
碳化玉米秸秆（CMS）	SA	真空浸渍法	有良好的抗泄漏性能，导热系数提高了87.5%
碳化玉米芯（CNCC）	LA-SA	真空浸渍法	相变过程无泄漏，导热系数提高了87.5%
碳化甜菜浆（CSBP）	癸酸-硬脂共晶混合物（CSEM）	真空浸渍法	相变过程无泄漏，导热系数提高了79%
碳化废弃大米(CAR)	纯PA-LA	真空浸渍法	相变过程无泄漏，导热系数提高了83.3%
碳化胡椒秸秆（CPS）	PA	直接浸渍法	有良好的抗泄漏性能