具有疏水性表面的智能调温纺织品的制备及其性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0852

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

智能调温纺织品能够对外界环境温度变化起到一定的缓冲与调节作用。本文以相变温度为18℃的石蜡为核层，聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯/纳米SiO₂为壳层，采用同轴静电纺丝技术制备了一种能有效克服石蜡泄漏的智能调温纺织品。其纤维在微观下具备明显可见的核壳结构，潜热可达70.08J/g，且经过 400次加热-冷却循环后潜热未出现明显变化，表现出了良好的稳定性。该智能纺织品具备疏水表面，由于SiO₂纳米颗粒在纤维表面形成纳米突起，与无纳米SiO₂颗粒的纤维织物相比，水在该纤维织物表面的接触角提升了16.1°。此外，在酸、碱、盐等条件下均能保持较大接触角，分别达到129.4°、133.3°和135.6°，具备较强的环境适应性。红外成像实验表明，与不含相变材料的织物相比，在降温过程中，该智能调温纺织品可将温度保持在10℃以上的时间延长83.3%，而在升温过程中可将温度维持在20℃以下的时间延长204.76%，表现出良好的温度调节能力。研究结果为石蜡相变调温织物的后续研究奠定了基础，并对类似的智能调温织物研究具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 静电纺丝, 纳米纤维织物, 纳米颗粒, 相变材料

Abstract:

Intelligent thermo-regulatory textiles are able to buffer and regulate the changes in ambient temperature. In this study, an intelligent thermo-regulatory textile with an obvious core-shell structure that could effectively overcome the leakage of paraffin wax was prepared using coaxial electrospinning technology with paraffin wax of a phase change temperature of 18℃ as the core layer and polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene/nano SiO₂ as the shell layer. The smart textile had a latent heat of up to 70.08J/g and showed good stability as it did not show significant change in latent heat after 400 heating-cooling cycles. This smart textile had a hydrophobic surface and the contact angle of water on the surface was increased by 16.1° compared to the textile without SiO₂ nanoparticles, which can be attributed to the formation of nano-protrusions due to the exist of nano SiO₂. Besides, the contact angles of acid, alkali and salt solution on the textile reached 129.4°, 133.3° and 135.6°, respectively, which enabled its application in different harsh environments. The infrared imaging experiment indicated that compared with the textile without phase change materials, the time the temperature maintained above 10℃ can be prolonged by 83.3% by the intelligent thermoregulated textile during the cooling process, while the time the temperature maintained below 20℃ during the heating process can be prolonged by 204.76%, providing remarkable temperature regulatory capabilities. These results established a foundation for the further research on thermo-regulatory fibers with paraffin wax as phase change materials and had guiding significance for similar research on intelligent thermo-regulatory fibers.

Key words: electrospinning, nanofibrous textile, nanoparticle, phase change material

中图分类号:

TQ342

田小蝶, 何兆禹, 张鹏. 具有疏水性表面的智能调温纺织品的制备及其性能[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(6): 3247-3255.

TIAN Xiaodie, HE Zhaoyu, ZHANG Peng. Preperation of an intelligent thermo-regulatory textile with hydrophobic surface and its performance study[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(6): 3247-3255.

图/表 14

图 1 同轴静电纺丝制备石蜡/ PVDF-HFP/SiO2复合纳米纤维织物工艺示意图

表 1 不同样品的壳层和核层供液速率

样品编号	壳层供液速率/mL·h^-1	核层供液速率/mL·h^-1
A	4	0.5
B	4	0.6
C	4	0.7
D	4	0.8

图 2 不同核层供液速率下纺丝制备的复合纳米纤维织物的表面形貌（放大5000倍）

图 3 石蜡和样品A~D的泄漏测试

图 4 复合纳米纤维织物表面形貌（放大10000倍）

图 5 单根纤维的TEM图像

图 6 质量分数9%和3%SiO2的纤维织物以及PVDF-HFP粉末的FTIR谱图

图 7 不同溶液中纤维织物B的接触角

图 8 酸碱盐溶液浸泡前后对比

图 9 不同核层供液速率下制备的石蜡/PVDF-HFP/SiO2纳米纤维织物的DSC曲线

表 2 相变潜热随核层供液速率的变化

项目	ΔH_m /J·g^-1	ΔH_c /J·g^-1	包封率/%
石蜡	199.43	208.72	—
样品A	42.21	41.69	21.17
样品B	51.08	54.00	25.61
样品C	67.35	64.16	33.77
样品D	70.08	67.83	35.14

表 3 相变潜热随加热-冷却循环次数的变化（样品B）

循环次数	ΔH_m /J·g^-1	ΔH_c /J·g^-1
0	51.08	54.00
100	51.50	52.90
200	51.28	52.03
300	50.78	51.59
400	50.42	51.54

图 10 PVDF-HFP纤维膜、样品A和样品D的热像图和温度变化

图 11 不同纤维织物的温度变化曲线

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