液冷-相变材料复合电池散热系统的协同性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0174

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为充分发挥液冷-相变材料复合电池散热系统中主被动散热的优势，建立复合散热系统仿真模型，提出了复合系统中不同散热模块间的协同性思想，并基于此思想探究系统中复合相变材料（composite phase change material，CPCM）填充量、液冷启动时间和冷却液流速的最佳值。结果表明，CPCM填充量、液冷启动时间和冷却液流速之间的协同，对复合系统能否充分发挥各模块的主被动散热优势存在重要影响。电池间距达到2mm时，CPCM的填充量即可满足电池在低倍率下的散热要求；在CPCM液相分数为0.9时开启液冷模块，可以显著提高CPCM模块利用率；冷却液流速大于0.03m/s可抑制电池温升，流速大于0.2m/s时可回收CPCM潜热，根据汽车不同需求选择相应速度，可达到降低能耗的目的。本文提出的协同性思想可以为复合散热系统的研究提供一种新思路。

关键词: 电池热管理, 复合相变材料, 液冷, 协同性, 数值分析

Abstract:

In order to fully utilize the advantages of active and passive heat dissipation in the battery heat dissipation system of liquid cooled composite phase change materials, a simulation model of the composite heat dissipation system was established, and the synergistic idea between different heat dissipation modules in the composite system was proposed. Based on this idea, the optimal values of the filling amount, liquid cooling start time, and coolant flow rate of the composite phase change material (CPCM) in the system were explored. The results indicated that the synergy between CPCM filling amount, liquid cooling start time, and coolant flow rate had a significant impact on whether the composite system could fully utilize the active and passive heat dissipation advantages of each module. When the battery spacing reached 2mm, the filling amount of CPCM could meet the heat dissipation requirements of the battery at low magnification. Turning on the liquid cooling module when the liquid fraction of CPCM was 0.9 could significantly improve the utilization rate of CPCM module. When the coolant flow rate was greater than 0.03m/s, the temperature rise of the battery could be suppressed. When the flow rate was greater than 0.2m/s, the latent heat of CPCM could be recovered. Choosing the corresponding speed according to the different needs of the car could achieve the goal of reducing energy consumption. This article proposed a collaborative approach that could provide a new approach for the research of composite heat dissipation systems.

Key words: battery thermal management, composite phase change materials, liquid cooling, synergism, numerical analysis

中图分类号:

TK124

方强, 赵明. 液冷-相变材料复合电池散热系统的协同性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(12): 6278-6285.

FANG Qiang, ZHAO Ming. Synergy of cooling system of liquid-cooled phase change material composite battery[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(12): 6278-6285.

图/表 14

图1 CPCM-液冷复合散热系统模型

表1 材料参数

材料	密度/kg·m^-3	热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	比热容/J·kg^-1·K^-1	相变温度/℃	熔化潜热/J·kg^-1
电池	2631	λ_r =1.13, λ_z,φ= 19.25	797
结构胶	2750	2	1500
50%水+50%乙二醇	1068.8	0.387	3319
液冷板	2719	202.4	871
CPCM	714	3.55	2350	41~44	205830

图2 测量点实验和仿真温度对比

图3 网格独立性验证

图4 网格细节图

图5 不同dcell时电池最高温度随放电时间的变化

图6 不同dcell时液相分数随放电时间的变化

图7 β取值不同时电池温度随时间的变化

图8 β取值不同时CPCM液相分数随时间的变化

图9 β取值不同时CPCM平均利用率及系统散热比

图10 β取值不同时液冷模块开启、降温、延迟时间

图11 不同流速下电池最高温度随放电时间的变化情况

图12 不同流速下CPCM液相分数随放电时间的变化情况

图13 电池放电结束时最高温度和CPCM液相分数随流速的变化

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