锂电池热管理用TPE基柔性复合相变材料的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0855

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热塑性弹性体（TPE）因其出色的柔韧性、低成本和强相容性，可作为相变材料（PCM）的载体，将其与相变材料和导热填料复合制备的柔性复合相变材料（FCPCM）在电池热管理（BTM）领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文通过总结国内外关于TPE基柔性复合相变材料在电池热管理领域的研究成果，对常用的TPE材料进行了分类并对其工作原理和制备方法等进行了详细介绍。针对相变材料在电池热管理应用中存在的低导热性、低形状稳定性、不良力学性能等问题，本文重点介绍了TPE基柔性复合相变材料的热物理性能（相变潜热和热导率）、电池热管理效果（最高温度和最大温差）、力学性能和抗振性能等。指出当前电池热管理中柔性复合相变材料存在的局限性并对未来的发展方向进行了展望，寻找潜在的柔性材料、协同的二元柔性载体和二元导热填料，提高柔性复合相变材料的绝缘性、介电性和低温适应性等方面应是未来的主要研究方向，增强柔性复合相变材料在振动条件下对锂电池的温控性也需要进一步探索。该综述对电池热管理中TPE基柔性复合相变材料的进一步研究和开发提供重要参考价值。

关键词: 电池热管理, 柔性复合相变材料, 力学性能, 热塑性弹性体, 热传导

Abstract:

Because of its excellent flexibility, low cost and strong compatibility, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) can be used as a carrier for phase change materials (PCM), and the flexible composite phase change materials (FCPCM) prepared by combining it with PCM and thermally conductive fillers have a large application prospect in the field of battery thermal management (BTM). In this paper, the research results of TPE-based FCPCM in BTM at home and abroad were summarized, the commonly used TPE materials were classified, and their working principles and preparation methods were introduced in detail. To address the problems of low thermal conductivity, low shape stability and poor mechanical properties of PCM in BTM applications, this paper focused on the thermophysical properties (latent heat of phase change and thermal conductivity), battery thermal management effects (maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference), mechanical properties and vibration resistance of TPE-based FCPCMs. The current limitations of FCPCM in BTM were pointed out and the future directions were prospected. The search for potential flexible materials, synergistic binary flexible carriers, and binary thermally conductive fillers, improving the insulation, dielectric properties, and low-temperature adaptability of FCPCM should be the main research directions in the future. Enhancing the temperature control of FCPCM for lithium batteries under vibration conditions also needed to be further explored. This review provided an important reference value for further research and development of TPE-based FCPCM in BTM.

Key words: battery thermal management, flexible composite phase change materials, mechanical properties, thermoplastic elastomers, heat conduction

中图分类号:

TQ334

何瑞强, 方敏, 周健夺, 费华, 杨凯. 锂电池热管理用TPE基柔性复合相变材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(6): 3159-3173.

HE Ruiqiang, FANG Min, ZHOU Jianduo, FEI Hua, YANG Kai. Research progress of TPE-based flexible composite phase change materials for thermal management of lithium batteries[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(6): 3159-3173.

图/表 16

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材料类型	种类	价格/CNY·kg^-1	途径
TPE	SEBS（美国科腾G1654）	14.8	东莞市晟华塑胶原料有限公司
	SEPS（YH-4051）	23	岳阳市巴陵佳云石化有限公司
	SBS	11	惠州市惠州LCY弹性体有限公司
	EVA（美国杜邦EVA 660）	20	东莞市英翔塑胶原料有限公司
	POE（A4090S）	13.8	东莞市缘信塑胶原料有限公司
	OBC（陶氏9530）	18.8	深圳市万塑源橡塑有限公司
	SR（HY系列）	58	深圳红叶硅胶股份科技有限公司
	TPC-et（Hytrel 30HS）	35	东莞市塑佳高分子原料有限公司
	TPE（陶氏杜邦4000-60A）	20	苏州腾旺国际贸易有限公司
PCM	切片石蜡（690189610）	70	国药集团化学试剂有限公司
PCM	石蜡	45	上海焦耳蜡业有限公司

材料类型	种类	价格/CNY·kg^-1	途径
TPE	SEBS（美国科腾G1654）	14.8	东莞市晟华塑胶原料有限公司
	SEPS（YH-4051）	23	岳阳市巴陵佳云石化有限公司
	SBS	11	惠州市惠州LCY弹性体有限公司
	EVA（美国杜邦EVA 660）	20	东莞市英翔塑胶原料有限公司
	POE（A4090S）	13.8	东莞市缘信塑胶原料有限公司
	OBC（陶氏9530）	18.8	深圳市万塑源橡塑有限公司
	SR（HY系列）	58	深圳红叶硅胶股份科技有限公司
	TPC-et（Hytrel 30HS）	35	东莞市塑佳高分子原料有限公司
	TPE（陶氏杜邦4000-60A）	20	苏州腾旺国际贸易有限公司
PCM	切片石蜡（690189610）	70	国药集团化学试剂有限公司
PCM	石蜡	45	上海焦耳蜡业有限公司

柔性载体	CPCM	质量分数比/%	熔点/℃	潜热/kJ·kg^-1	热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	参考文献
SEBS	PA/h-BN/SEBS	60/20/20	41.1	127.8	2.7	[52]
SEBS	PA/EG/SEBS	76.2/4.8/19	47.35	159.2	1.226	[51]
SEPS	PA/EG/SEPS	(85.5/81/72/63)/ (5/10/20/30)/ (9.5/9/8/7)	48/49.1/50.2/53.1	211.9~155.4	2.671/4.495/7.475/10.019	[54]
SEPS	PA/EG/SEPS	81/4/15	42.5	202.78	1.581	[53]
SBS	PA/CNT/SBS	85/2/13	61.56	147.63	0.39	[49]
	PA/SBS	85/15	64.14	140.74	0.3
	PA		61.55	200.01	0.28
SBS	PA/AlN/SBS	35/15/50	46.82	57.06	0.5	[50]
SBS	PA/EG/SBS	46/5/50	47.7	79.8	0.87	[47]
TPS(SBS/SEBS)	PA/EG/TPS	50/7/43	44		1.271	[55]

柔性载体	CPCM	质量分数比/%	熔点/℃	潜热/kJ·kg^-1	热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	参考文献
SEBS	PA/h-BN/SEBS	60/20/20	41.1	127.8	2.7	[52]
SEBS	PA/EG/SEBS	76.2/4.8/19	47.35	159.2	1.226	[51]
SEPS	PA/EG/SEPS	(85.5/81/72/63)/ (5/10/20/30)/ (9.5/9/8/7)	48/49.1/50.2/53.1	211.9~155.4	2.671/4.495/7.475/10.019	[54]
SEPS	PA/EG/SEPS	81/4/15	42.5	202.78	1.581	[53]
SBS	PA/CNT/SBS	85/2/13	61.56	147.63	0.39	[49]
	PA/SBS	85/15	64.14	140.74	0.3
	PA		61.55	200.01	0.28
SBS	PA/AlN/SBS	35/15/50	46.82	57.06	0.5	[50]
SBS	PA/EG/SBS	46/5/50	47.7	79.8	0.87	[47]
TPS(SBS/SEBS)	PA/EG/TPS	50/7/43	44		1.271	[55]

柔性载体	CPCM	质量分数比/%	熔点/℃	潜热/kJ·kg^-1	热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	参考文献
EVA	PA/EG/EVA	(50/49.5/48.5/47.5)/ (0/1/3/5)/ (50/49.5/48.5/47.5)	53	141/129/123/121	0.3/0.4/0.9/1.7	[45]
EVA	PA/EG/EVA-g-MAH/MA/TPP	60/3.5/11.5/10/15	47.5	125.7	1.39	[56]
POE	PA/EG/POE	(27/36/45/54/63)/ (3/4/5/6/7)/ (70/60/50/40/30)	65.4/63/64.2/65.3 /65.6	51.5/67.1/90.5/108.5/126.7	0.62/0.78/0.96/1.41/1.43	[57]
OBC	PA/EG/OBC	45/10/45	约51	101	1.57	[58]
OBC	PA/OBC/EG/AlN	57/20/3/20	44.1	145.26	1.564	[59]
OBC	PA/EG/OBC	(79.2/76/72)/ (1/5/10)/ (19.8/19/18)	50.73/49.67/47.42	197.7/185.4 /176.7	0.62/2.34/5.5	[60]
OBC	PA/EG/OBC	72/10/18	42.3	130	3	[61]