Al2O3-CuO/水混合纳米流体对流传热性能及热经济性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1222

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究管内混合纳米流体单相对流传热性能，实验对比研究了雷诺数为1040～7086范围内体积分数为0.02%的Al₂O₃-CuO/水（W）混合纳米流体及其相应的一元纳米流体的流动与传热特性。结果表明，纳米颗粒的添加导致在过渡区雷诺数范围提前，在层流范围（1040<Re<1891）内，Al₂O₃/W和Al₂O₃-CuO/W纳米流体的Nu数与去离子水相比分别最大增加了32.09%和38.38%；而CuO/W纳米流体由于团聚体尺寸大，流体向前驱动力不足以克服自重易沉积于管内壁，传热效果反而比水差。在紊流范围（4073<Re<7806）内，受向前驱动力及流体分子自身旋转的作用，纳米流体的传热性能明显高于纯水，且混合纳米流体的综合传热性能最佳。综合考虑综合传热性能与经济性因素，在层流与紊流区内最适用于实际工业生产的纳米流体分别为Al₂O₃/W和Al₂O₃-CuO/W纳米流体。

关键词: 混合纳米流体, 热传导, 纳米粒子, 对流, 流动与传热特性, 强化传热因子, 热经济性分析

Abstract:

To investigate the single-phase heat transfer performance of hybrid nanofluid in a tube, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of Al₂O₃-CuO/water (W) hybrid nanofluid and its corresponding mono nanofluid were comparatively investigated under Reynold number of 1040—7086 and volume fraction of 0.02%, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of particles led to the advancement of Reynolds number range in the transition zone. Compared with deionized water, the maximum Nu enhancement of Al₂O₃/W and Al₂O₃-CuO/W nanofluids was 32.09% and 38.38% under laminar region (1040<Re<1891), respectively, however, the heat transfer performance of CuO/W nanofluids was worse than that of water. The reason was that the forward driving force of CuO/W nanofluid was not sufficient to overcome the self-weight and it was easy to deposit on the inner wall of the tube. In the turbulent flow region (4073<Re<7806), the heat transfer performance of all studied nanofluids was more remarkable than that of water in the combination of strong forward driving force and the rotation of fluid molecules themselves. The Al₂O₃-CuO/W hybrid nanofluids had the optimum heat transfer performance under turbulent flow region. Considering the comprehensive heat transfer performance and economic factor, the most suitable nanofluids were Al₂O₃/W and Al₂O₃-CuO/W nanofluids for practical application under the laminar and turbulent flow regions, respectively.

Key words: hybrid nanofluid, heat conduction, nanoparticles, convection, flow and heat transfer performance, enhanced heat transfer factor, thermo-economic analysis

中图分类号:

TK124

郭文杰, 翟玉玲, 陈文哲, 申鑫, 邢明. Al₂O₃-CuO/水混合纳米流体对流传热性能及热经济性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2315-2324.

GUO Wenjie, ZHAI Yuling, CHEN Wenzhe, SHEN Xin, XING Ming. Analysis of convective heat transfer and thermo-economic performance of Al₂O₃-CuO/water hybrid nanofluids[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2315-2324.

图/表 13

表1 实验材料与参数

名称	粒径/nm	形状	密度/kg·m^-3	热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	价格/USD·g^-1	纯度/%	厂商
Al₂O₃	20	棒状	3970	35	0.305	≥99.90	北京德科岛金
CuO	40	球形	6310	76.5	0.305	≥99.90
去离子水			998.2	0.599		≥99.90	实验室

图1 纳米流体两步法制备过程

图2 纳米流体沉降过程

图3 纳米流体TEM图及粒径分布

表2 纳米流体的热导率和黏度关联式

纳米流体	热导率关联式	黏度关联式
CuO/W	$λ = λ b f 0.04 + e - 0.002 T - 0.4157$	$μ = μ b f 0.165 + e 1.104 × 10 - 5 T - 0.4157$
Al₂O₃ /W	$λ = λ b f 1.04 + e - 79.97 T - 0.7176$	$μ = μ b f 0.121 + e 6.305 × 10 - 5 T 1.786$
Al₂O₃-CuO/W	$λ = λ b f 1.07 + e - 36.16 T - 0.615$	$μ = μ b f 1.152 + e - 207.746 × 10 - 5 T - 1.094$

表2 纳米流体的热导率和黏度关联式

纳米流体	热导率关联式	黏度关联式
CuO/W	$λ = λ b f 0.04 + e - 0.002 T - 0.4157$	$μ = μ b f 0.165 + e 1.104 × 10 - 5 T - 0.4157$
Al₂O₃ /W	$λ = λ b f 1.04 + e - 79.97 T - 0.7176$	$μ = μ b f 0.121 + e 6.305 × 10 - 5 T 1.786$
Al₂O₃-CuO/W	$λ = λ b f 1.07 + e - 36.16 T - 0.615$	$μ = μ b f 1.152 + e - 207.746 × 10 - 5 T - 1.094$

图4 纳米流体对流换热实验台1—投料口；2—储液罐；3—工质泵；4—旁通阀；5—流量阀；6—流量计；7—入口压力变送器；8—出口压力变送器；9—冷凝器；10—制冷剂循环泵

图5 实验系统准确性验证

图6 纳米流体的热物性参数随温度变化

图7 纳米流体f数和Nu数随Re数变化

图8 Re=1000时纳米流体Nu数随循环时间变化

图9 纳米流体η值随Re数的变化

图10 纳米流体PPF值随Re数的变化

表3 体积分数为0.02%纳米流体对流传热关联式

关联式	层流区（1040<Re<1891）	紊流区（3629<Re<7806）
f	Al₂O₃/W： $f = 0.947 × R e - 1.02 × 1 + φ 22565$	Al₂O₃/W： $f = 0.972 × R e - 0.303 × 1 + φ - 3406$
	Al₂O₃-CuO/W： $f = 4.09 × R e - 1.04 × 1 + φ 16090$	CuO/W： $f = 1.14 × R e - 0.408 × 1 + φ 568$
		Al₂O₃-CuO/W： $f = 0.268 × R e - 0.314 × 1 + φ 3567$
Nu	Al₂O₃/W： $N u = 1.671 × R e 0.456 × P r - 0.123 × 1 + φ - 7323$	Al₂O₃/W： $N u = 0.301 × R e 0.766 × P r 0.560 × 1 + φ - 12425$
	Al₂O₃-CuO/W： $N u = 1.383 × R e 0.627 × P r - 1.796 × 1 + φ 634$	CuO/W： $N u = 3.128 × R e 1.077 × P r - 0.827 × 1 + φ - 25694$
		Al₂O₃-CuO/W： $N u = 0.016 × R e 1.03 × P r - 0.451 × 1 + φ - 122$

表3 体积分数为0.02%纳米流体对流传热关联式

关联式	层流区（1040<Re<1891）	紊流区（3629<Re<7806）
f	Al₂O₃/W： $f = 0.947 × R e - 1.02 × 1 + φ 22565$	Al₂O₃/W： $f = 0.972 × R e - 0.303 × 1 + φ - 3406$
	Al₂O₃-CuO/W： $f = 4.09 × R e - 1.04 × 1 + φ 16090$	CuO/W： $f = 1.14 × R e - 0.408 × 1 + φ 568$
		Al₂O₃-CuO/W： $f = 0.268 × R e - 0.314 × 1 + φ 3567$
Nu	Al₂O₃/W： $N u = 1.671 × R e 0.456 × P r - 0.123 × 1 + φ - 7323$	Al₂O₃/W： $N u = 0.301 × R e 0.766 × P r 0.560 × 1 + φ - 12425$
	Al₂O₃-CuO/W： $N u = 1.383 × R e 0.627 × P r - 1.796 × 1 + φ 634$	CuO/W： $N u = 3.128 × R e 1.077 × P r - 0.827 × 1 + φ - 25694$
		Al₂O₃-CuO/W： $N u = 0.016 × R e 1.03 × P r - 0.451 × 1 + φ - 122$

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Al₂O₃-CuO/水混合纳米流体对流传热性能及热经济性分析

Analysis of convective heat transfer and thermo-economic performance of Al₂O₃-CuO/water hybrid nanofluids

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