棉浆黑液提取物基木塑复合材料的制备及性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0481

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为高效利用棉浆黑液，本研究以棉浆黑液提取物为填料，与高密度聚乙烯共混后采用模压成型工艺制备木塑复合材料（WPC），采用红外（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、吸水率、水接触角、热重量分析（TGA）、弯曲性能测试、拉伸性能测试等表征手段分析材料的形貌、吸水性能、热稳定性和力学性能等，并与传统的玉米秸秆、木质素基木塑复合材料进行对比。结果表明，棉浆黑液提取物基木塑复合材料表面光滑，密度为1.057g/m³，水接触角为97.75°，吸水率为0.95%，均符合国家标准；起始分解温度为213℃，500℃下的残炭量达12.04%，耐热性提高；弯曲强度显著优于玉米秆和木质素基木塑复合材料，拉伸性能介于二者之间，具有优异的力学性能。

关键词: 棉浆黑液提取物, 共混, 木塑复合材料, 力学性能

Abstract:

To efficiently utilize cottonseed black liquor, this study employed extracts of cottonseed black liquor as fillers, which were blended with high-density polyethylene and then molded using compression molding techniques to prepare wood-plastic composite (WPC) materials. The morphology, water absorption properties, thermal stability and mechanical performance of the materials were characterized using techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absorption tests, water contact angle measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flexural testing and tensile testing. A comparison was made with traditional materials such as corn stalks and lignin-based wood-plastic composites. The results revealed that the density of the cottonseed black liquor-based wood-plastic composite was 1.057g/m³ with a water contact angle of 97.75° and a water absorption rate of 0.95%, all meeting national standards. The onset decomposition temperature was 213℃ with a residual char yield of 12.04% at 500℃. The flexural strength was significantly higher than that of corn stalks and lignin-based wood-plastic composites, while the tensile properties fell between the two, indicating excellent mechanical performance.

Key words: cottonseed black liquor extract, blending, wood-plastic composite, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TQ322.4

冯琬淇, 杨翠平, 郝俊尧, 倪红梅, 赵俭波. 棉浆黑液提取物基木塑复合材料的制备及性能[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1768-1775.

FENG Wanqi, YANG Cuiping, HAO Junyao, NI Hongmei, ZHAO Jianbo. Preparation and properties of wood-plastic composites based on extract of cotton spinning black liquor[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1768-1775.

图/表 12

图1 木塑复合材料制备流程图

图2 不同原料的红外光谱图

图3 不同木塑复合材料的红外光谱图

图4 不同木塑复合材料的密度比较

图5 不同木塑复合材料的水接触角和吸水率比较

图6 不同木塑复合材料的TG和DTG曲线

图7 不同木塑复合材料的DSC熔化曲线

图8 不同木塑复合材料冻融前后的电镜图

表1 不同填料木塑复合材料的表面粗糙度

参数	玉米秆	木质素	棉纺黑液提取物
R_q/nm	376	228	204
R_a/nm	304	183	158
R_max/nm	1837	1747	1481

图9 不同木塑复合材料的AFM图（扫描范围为6μm）

图10 不同木塑复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量比较

图11 不同木塑复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率

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