自由体积和微孔调控的阴离子交换膜制备及应用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-2017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阴离子交换膜（AEM）在碱性燃料电池和全钒液流储能电池中具有良好的应用潜力，但目前其电导率和稳定性尚无法满足电池高功率和耐久性要求，且电导率和稳定性间存在突出矛盾。近年来的文献（包括本文作者课题组相关工作）表明，合理地在膜内引入自由体积和微孔结构可降低离子传导阻力，有利于降低电导率对离子交换容量的依赖，进而实现电导率与膜强度、稳定性的平衡。本文对上述文献进行了简要概述和分析，重点介绍AEM自由体积和微孔调控方面的主要研究进展，包括自由体积调控策略（在膜结构中引入扭曲弯曲链单元、刚性侧基、梯形结构，采用自具微孔聚合物制膜等），微孔构筑新方法（侧基水解法和环糊精模板法），以及自由体积和微孔结构对AEM离子传导率、稳定性、渗透性能、力学性能和电池性能的影响。

关键词: 自由体积, 微孔, 阴离子交换膜, 燃料电池, 全钒液流电池

Abstract:

Anion exchange membranes (AEM) have a good potential to be used in alkaline fuel cells and all-vanadium flow batteries, but their conductivity and stability currently can not meet the high power and durability requirements of the devices; in particular, there exists a serious trade-off between the membrane’s conductivity and stability. Recent literature (including our own work) shows that incorporating proper free volume or micropores in the AEM can help resolve this issue because free volume and micropores can reduce the resistance of ion transport, making ion conductivity less dependent on ion exchange capacity so that the conductivity and robustness of membrane can be better balanced. In this review, we make a brief overview on such literature and highlight the main research progress on free volume tuning and micropore construction in AEMs. Free volume can be tuned by the incorporation of bent and twisted chain units and bulky side groups in the membrane structure, and by the use of ladder polymer or polymer of intrinsic microporosity for AEM fabrication; new methods for micropore creation in AEMs include side-chain hydrolysis and cyclodextrin-assisted templating. We also analyze the effects of free volume and microporous structure on the ionic conductivity, stability and device performance of the resulting AEMs.

Key words: free volume, microporous, anion exchange membrane, fuel cell, all vanadium flow battery

中图分类号:

TM911.4

李旅, 巩守涛, 马艳娇, 张奎博, 张凤祥. 自由体积和微孔调控的阴离子交换膜制备及应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(6): 2105-2114.

Lü LI, Shoutao GONG, Yanjiao MA, Kuibo ZHANG, Fengxiang ZHANG. Research progress on preparation of free volume and micropore enhanced anion exchange membranes and their application in energy devices[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(6): 2105-2114.

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