阴离子交换膜电解池的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1687

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阴离子交换膜电解池（AEMWE）可以将稀碱性溶液或纯水作为电解液，使用较为廉价的阴离子交换膜和高活性的非贵金属催化剂，有效降低电解水能耗且大幅减少投入成本。本文对AEMWE的性能特点和发展优势进行了总结，详细分析了AEMWE中的催化剂材料、阴离子交换膜和离聚物等关键组件的研究进展。研究认为，Ni-Fe基催化剂将是最有可能的阳极材料，通过设计新型催化剂层，制造多孔结构，解决催化剂的溶解问题；通过提高离子交换容量来有效提升离聚物和阴离子交换膜的离子电导率、水扩散系数和耐久性等。最后提出了未来AEMWE的研发方向，通过对膜电极组件进行材料创新和工艺优化，发展纯水作为电解液，提高测试体系的灵活性，获得高效、低成本、稳定的AEMWE制氢装置。

关键词: 阴离子交换膜, 电解水, 催化剂, 离聚物, 膜电极组件

Abstract:

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis cells (AEMWE) can take dilute alkaline solution or pure water as electrolyte, use relatively cheap anion exchange membrane and high activity of non-precious metal catalyst, effectively reduce the water electrolytic energy consumption and greatly reduce the input cost. In this paper, the performance characteristics and development advantages of AEMWE are summarized, and the research progress of key components such as the catalyst, anion-exchange membranes and ionomers in AEMWE are analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the Ni-Fe-based catalyst is the most promising anode material. By designing new catalyst layer and making porous structure, the problem of catalyst dissolution can be solved, while the ionic conductivity, water diffusion coefficient and durability of the ionomer and anion exchange membrane can be effectively increased by raising the ion exchange capacity. Finally, the future development directions of AEMWE are proposed, which are material innovation and preparation optimization of membrane electrode components, using pure water as the electrolyte, improving the flexibility of the test system, and developing efficient, low-cost and stable AEMWE hydrogen production device.

Key words: anion exchange membrane, water electrolysis, catalyst, ionomer, membrane electrode assembly

中图分类号:

TQ116.21

冯江涵, 宋钫. 阴离子交换膜电解池的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3501-3509.

FENG Jianghan, SONG Fang. Research progress of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis cells[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3501-3509.

图/表 5

图1 电解水装置示意图

图2 贵金属和非贵金属作为催化剂在AEMWE中的稳定性测试

图3 聚砜阴离子交换膜（PSFAEM）

图4 阳极析氧反应的三相（气体、液体和固体）界面的简化示意图

图5 使用不同电解液的AEMWE在电压为1.8V下的电流密度

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