萃取精馏分离丙酮-正庚烷的模拟与控制

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0416

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以1-氯丁烷为中间沸点夹带剂，分别使用侧线萃取精馏流程和内循环萃取精馏流程分离了丙酮-正庚烷共沸物。以年总费用、二氧化碳排放量和热力学效率为评价指标，使用多目标遗传算法分别对两流程进行了优化，获取了最佳设备参数与操作参数。优化结果表明，与侧线萃取精馏流程相比，内循环萃取精馏流程降低了9.77%的年总费用，11.95%的二氧化碳排放量，提高了1.47%的热力学效率。对侧线萃取精馏和内循环萃取精馏分离丙酮-正庚烷共沸物的动态特性进行了研究，构建了合理的控制方案。添加进料流量扰动和进料组成扰动后，两流程的产品均可恢复至设定值附近。使用绝对偏差积分对两流程的控制效果进行了量化，结果显示内循环萃取精馏流程具有更好的动态可控性。

关键词: 共沸物, 萃取精馏, 优化, 过程控制

Abstract:

Acetone and n-heptane are frequently utilized solvents in the chemical industry and are commonly found in industrial wastewater. In this paper, 1-chlorobutane was used as an intermediate boiling point entrainer to separate acetone/n-heptane azeotropes using a sidestream extractive distillation (SSED) process and an extractive distillation with internally circulated (ICED) process, respectively. The two processes were optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm with total annual cost, CO₂ emission, and thermodynamic efficiency as evaluation indices, and the optimal equipment parameters and operating parameters were obtained. The optimization results indicated that the ICED process was more cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and thermodynamically efficient than the SSED process. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of the separation of acetone/n-heptane azeotropes using both methods were investigated. The dynamic characteristics of the separation of acetone/n-heptane azeotropes using both the SSED and ICED were investigated, and a reasonable control scheme was designed. After introducing disturbances in feed flow and feed composition, the products of both processes could be recovered close to the set values. The control effects of both processes were quantified using absolute deviation integrals, and the results showed that the ICED had better dynamic controllability.

Key words: azeotrope, extractive distillation, optimization, process control

中图分类号:

TQ028.3

孔洁, 李沅欣, 孙兰义. 萃取精馏分离丙酮-正庚烷的模拟与控制[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1253-1262.

KONG Jie, LI Yuanxin, SUN Lanyi. Simulation and control of acetone/n-heptane separation by extractive distillation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1253-1262.

图/表 16

图1 预测数据与实验数据对比

图2 SSED过程流程D—塔顶采出流股；E—萃取剂进料流股；F—原料进料流股；M—侧线采出流股；W—塔釜采出流股

图3 SSED过程的多目标优化结果

图4 多目标优化后的SSED过程流程

图5 ICED过程示意图

图6 ICED过程的多目标优化结果

图7 多目标优化后的ICED过程流程

图8 两种工艺TAC、ECO2以及热力学效率对比

图9 SSED流程温度灵敏板选择

图10 SSED流程控制方案Fout—生塔板上液体流股；Fin—采出液体流股；QRb—再沸器负荷

图11 SSED流程动态响应曲线

图11 SSED流程动态响应曲线（续）

图12 ICED流程温度灵敏板选择

图13 ICED流程控制方案Qc—冷凝器负荷

图14 ICED流程动态响应曲线

图15 ICED与SSED流程控制结果对比C—进料流量扰动；F—进料组成扰动

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