多酶协同预处理厨余垃圾技术优化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0258

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

酶预处理是缓解厨余垃圾厌氧消化过程中水解速率受限的有效手段，为提高预处理协同厌氧消化技术对厨余垃圾的生物转化效率，使用不同生物酶对厨余垃圾进行预处理，以水解效率为指标，探究适宜的酶种类、用量和处理时间。根据可溶性化学需氧量（soluble chemical oxygen demand，SCOD）的含量变化可知，当以700U/g纤维素酶、400U/g酸性蛋白酶、80U/g α-淀粉酶和300U/g糖化酶共同预处理16h时，预处理效果最优，酶解液的SCOD、可溶性还原糖和游离氨基酸含量分别达到89200.00mg/L、39.91g/L和43.26g/L，是对照组的2.74倍、2.45倍和1.44倍。此外，预处理组淀粉、纤维素等大分子有机物含量也显著降低。经济核算显示，含水率80%的厨余垃圾的多酶协同预处理成本约为381.38CNY/t，最终“预处理+干式厌氧消化”的总收益约为189.95CNY/t。结果表明，多酶协同预处理有效促进了厨余垃圾不溶性大分子物质的水解，改善了底物流动性，便于微生物的接触和直接利用，能为后续厌氧消化提供更多有利条件。同时，多酶协同预处理条件的优化为厨余垃圾“预处理+厌氧消化”的实际工程应用提供了理论参考。

关键词: 厨余垃圾, 预处理, 多酶协同, 厌氧消化, 条件优化

Abstract:

Enzyme pretreatment is an effective means to alleviate the rate-limiting step of hydrolysis in anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, but the high cost of enzymes and the low conversion rate of raw materials limit the practical application of this technology. In this study, to improve the bioconversion efficiency of kitchen waste by pretreatment and anaerobic digestion technology, different biological enzymes were used to pretreat kitchen waste, and the appropriate enzyme type, dosage and treatment time were explored. According to the changes of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), the pretreatment conditions of 700U/g cellulase, 400U/g acidic protease, 80U/g α-amylase and 300U/g glycosylase for 16h showed the optimal pretreatment effect, and the contents of SCOD, soluble reducing sugar and free amino acid in the hydrolysate were 89200.00mg/L, 39.91g/L and 43.26g/L, respectively, which were 2.74 times, 2.45 times and 1.44 times that of the control group. In addition, the content of macromolecular organic compounds such as starch and cellulose also decreased significantly in the pretreatment group. Economic accounting showed that the cost of multi-enzyme collaborative pretreatment of kitchen waste with 80% moisture content was about 381.38CNY/t, and the total benefit of "pretreatment+dry anaerobic digestion" was about 189.95CNY/t. The results showed that multi-enzyme cooperative pretreatment was superior to single enzyme pretreatment, effectively promoted the hydrolysis of insoluble macromolecular substances in kitchen waste, improved the substrate fluidity, facilitated the contact and direct utilization of microorganisms, and provided favorable conditions for subsequent anaerobic digestion. At the same time, the optimization of multi-enzyme cooperative pretreatment conditions provided a theoretical reference for the practical engineering application of "pretreatment+anaerobic digestion" of kitchen waste.

Key words: kitchen waste, pretreatment, multi-enzyme collaboration, anaerobic digestion, condition optimization

中图分类号:

TQ352.9

胡盼盼, 肖梦瑶, 王娜, 史吉平, 刘莉. 多酶协同预处理厨余垃圾技术优化[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(2): 1138-1146.

HU Panpan, XIAO Mengyao, WANG Na, SHI Jiping, LIU Li. Optimization of multi-enzyme collaborative pretreatment of kitchen waste[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(2): 1138-1146.

图/表 12

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次数	7	18
比例	28%	72%

指标	数值
TS/%	15.34
VS/%	14.59
pH	5.35
SCOD/mg·L^-1	20600.00
淀粉（TS）/%	40.03
纤维素（TS）/%	11.79
粗蛋白（TS）/%	10.87
粗脂肪（TS）/%	11.89

指标	数值
TS/%	15.34
VS/%	14.59
pH	5.35
SCOD/mg·L^-1	20600.00
淀粉（TS）/%	40.03
纤维素（TS）/%	11.79
粗蛋白（TS）/%	10.87
粗脂肪（TS）/%	11.89

酶名称	酶活力/U·mg^-1	适宜温度/℃	适宜pH
中性蛋白酶	60	30~60	5.00~8.50
酸性蛋白酶	60	20~60	2.50~6.00
纤维素酶	40	40~55	6.00
酸性纤维素酶	10	40~80	3.00~7.00
糖化酶	150	30~65	3.50~6.00
α-淀粉酶	10	50~100	4.00~7.00
脂肪酶	100	30~50	4.00~12.00

酶名称	酶活力/U·mg^-1	适宜温度/℃	适宜pH
中性蛋白酶	60	30~60	5.00~8.50
酸性蛋白酶	60	20~60	2.50~6.00
纤维素酶	40	40~55	6.00
酸性纤维素酶	10	40~80	3.00~7.00
糖化酶	150	30~65	3.50~6.00
α-淀粉酶	10	50~100	4.00~7.00
脂肪酶	100	30~50	4.00~12.00

处理组	TS/%	VS/%	pH	SCOD/mg·L^-1	淀粉/%TS	纤维素/%TS	粗蛋白/%TS	粗脂肪/%TS
对照组	15.37	14.58	4.48	32500.00	36.51	10.71	11.54	11.94
预处理组	15.58	14.55	4.19	89200.00	23.74	2.83	17.17	15.96