厌氧消化系统酸化预警及调控技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0962

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

厌氧消化是有机废弃物资源化利用的重要技术之一，但在实际工程运行中，由于物料特性以及操作参数等因素变化，易引起有机酸累积，造成系统产气率下降，甚至酸化失败问题。本文在总结国内外研究进展的基础上，简述了酸累积的危害，剖析了引起酸化的主要原因，并分别从酸化预警、酸化调控两方面总结了厌氧系统在酸化前后所需采取的应对措施，建议进一步加强酸化预警指标体系的完善，突破环境耐受型微生物菌群驯化技术瓶颈，同时开展基于内源酸碱缓冲体系增强厌氧系统抗冲击性能方面的研究，以期为提高厌氧消化反应器的处理效率和运行稳定性提供参考。

关键词: 厌氧消化, 监测指标, 酸化预警, 调控技术, 酸碱缓冲体系

Abstract:

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an important technology for the resource utilization of organic wastes. However, the fluctuations in the waste characteristics and operating parameters during the actual engineering operation might cause the accumulation of volatile fatty acid (VFAs), thereupon, resulting in the depression of biogas production and even the failure of AD due to over acidification. Based on the review of research progress both at home and abroad, this study describes the mischiefs of VFAs accumulation briefly, dissects the major causes of acid accumulation, and summarizes the counter measures from the two aspects of early-warning monitoring and regulation means required before and after acidification, respectively. Hereon, the authors suggest further strengthening the perfection of early-warning index system for the acidification during AD process, breaking through the bottlenecks of acclimation technology to obtain environment-tolerant type microbial flora, and researching the method based on endogenous acid-alkaline buffering system to reinforce the shock resistance of the AD reactor, attempting to provide some reference for enhancing the efficiency and stability of AD reactors in practice.

Key words: anaerobic digestion, monitoring indicators, acidification early warning, regulation technique, acid-alkaline buffer system

中图分类号:

X705

孟晓山, 汤子健, 陈琳, 呼和涛力, 周政忠. 厌氧消化系统酸化预警及调控技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1595-1605.

MENG Xiaoshan, TANG Zijian, CHEN Lin, HUHE Taoli, ZHOU Zhengzhong. Research progress of the early warning and regulation techniques for excessive acidification in the anaerobic digestion system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(3): 1595-1605.

图/表 4

参考文献 71

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底物	运行模式	有机负荷	温度/℃	挥发性脂肪酸浓度/mg·L^-1	抑制效应	参考文献
餐厨垃圾	半连续	0.63kg/(m³·d)	36	4083	沼气产率由93L/d降低至14L/d	[7]
餐厨垃圾	连续式	8.0kg/(m³·d)	35~38	4486.3	挥发性脂肪酸浓度由1991.6mg/L提升至4486.3mg/L	[8]
餐厨垃圾	半连续	—	37	12000	挥发性悬浮固体的去除效率仅为19%	[9]
餐厨垃圾	半连续	7.5kg/(m³·d)	36±1	6126	容积产气率由6.4m³/(m³·d)下降至3.75m³/(m³·d)；甲烷体积分数由63.68%降低到46.75%；挥发性脂肪酸浓度由2700mg/L提升至6126mg/L	[10]
屠宰废水	—	1.0g/(L·d)	26±2	12500	化学需氧量去除率较53.6%减少66.23%	[11]
鸡粪	连续式	6.0g/(L·d)	35±2	20925	挥发性脂肪酸浓度较1500mg/L提升92.83%；容积产气量由1.3L/(L·d)减少到停止产气	[12]
鸡粪	连续式	6.0g/(L·d)	55	25593	甲烷体积分数由59.7%降低到20.1%；挥发性脂肪酸浓度由8607mg/L提升至25593mg/L	[13]
猪粪	—	9.0g/(L·d)	37±1	5216	挥发性脂肪酸浓度由200mg/L提升至5216mg/L；沼气产率由2.93L/(L·d)降低至1.99L/(L·d)	[14]
杂交狼尾草	半连续	4.0g/(L·d)	37±1	9083	挥发性脂肪酸浓度由593mg/L提升至9083mg/L；pH由7.25降低至5.0	[15]
稻草	半连续	2.0g/(L·d)	37	3470±355	挥发性脂肪酸浓度由(1250±312)mg/L升高至(3470±355)mg/L；沼气产量由(303±11.5)mL/(g·d)降低至(42.0±7.8)mL/(g·d)	[16]
蔬菜废物	连续式	1.5g/(L·d)	35	—	池容产气率由0.18L/(L·d)降低至0.12L/(L·d)直至产气停止	[17]

底物	运行模式	有机负荷	温度/℃	挥发性脂肪酸浓度/mg·L^-1	抑制效应	参考文献
餐厨垃圾	半连续	0.63kg/(m³·d)	36	4083	沼气产率由93L/d降低至14L/d	[7]
餐厨垃圾	连续式	8.0kg/(m³·d)	35~38	4486.3	挥发性脂肪酸浓度由1991.6mg/L提升至4486.3mg/L	[8]
餐厨垃圾	半连续	—	37	12000	挥发性悬浮固体的去除效率仅为19%	[9]
餐厨垃圾	半连续	7.5kg/(m³·d)	36±1	6126	容积产气率由6.4m³/(m³·d)下降至3.75m³/(m³·d)；甲烷体积分数由63.68%降低到46.75%；挥发性脂肪酸浓度由2700mg/L提升至6126mg/L	[10]
屠宰废水	—	1.0g/(L·d)	26±2	12500	化学需氧量去除率较53.6%减少66.23%	[11]
鸡粪	连续式	6.0g/(L·d)	35±2	20925	挥发性脂肪酸浓度较1500mg/L提升92.83%；容积产气量由1.3L/(L·d)减少到停止产气	[12]
鸡粪	连续式	6.0g/(L·d)	55	25593	甲烷体积分数由59.7%降低到20.1%；挥发性脂肪酸浓度由8607mg/L提升至25593mg/L	[13]
猪粪	—	9.0g/(L·d)	37±1	5216	挥发性脂肪酸浓度由200mg/L提升至5216mg/L；沼气产率由2.93L/(L·d)降低至1.99L/(L·d)	[14]
杂交狼尾草	半连续	4.0g/(L·d)	37±1	9083	挥发性脂肪酸浓度由593mg/L提升至9083mg/L；pH由7.25降低至5.0	[15]
稻草	半连续	2.0g/(L·d)	37	3470±355	挥发性脂肪酸浓度由(1250±312)mg/L升高至(3470±355)mg/L；沼气产量由(303±11.5)mL/(g·d)降低至(42.0±7.8)mL/(g·d)	[16]
蔬菜废物	连续式	1.5g/(L·d)	35	—	池容产气率由0.18L/(L·d)降低至0.12L/(L·d)直至产气停止	[17]

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