化工进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 320-328.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0588

• 生物与医药化工 • 上一篇    下一篇

污泥厌氧消化功能微生物群落结构的研究进展

唐涛涛1(),李江1,2(),杨钊1,向福亮1,王跃虎1,李彦澄1   

  1. 1. 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2. 贵州大学环境工程规划设计研究所,贵州 贵阳550025
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-14 出版日期:2020-01-05 发布日期:2020-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 李江
  • 作者简介:唐涛涛(1994—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为有机污染控制。E-mail:1398455709@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金(51508120);贵州省重点学科建设计划 (黔学位合字ZDXK[2016]11号);贵州大学培育项目(黔教合平台人才[2017]5788-51)

Research progress in on microbial community structure of anaerobic digestion of sludge

Taotao TANG1(),Jiang LI1,2(),Zhao YANG1,Fuliang XIANG1,Yuehu WANG1,Yancheng LI1   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
    2. Institute of Environmental Engineerting Planing and Designing, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2019-04-14 Online:2020-01-05 Published:2020-01-14
  • Contact: Jiang LI

摘要:

污泥厌氧消化处理技术因其具有无害化、资源化和稳定化的特征备受关注。污泥厌氧消化涉及水解发酵、产氢产乙酸和产甲烷多种微生物,并发挥不同的功能。本文介绍了污泥厌氧消化体系中常见的细菌(门水平)和古菌(属水平)群落,如拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)(细菌)和甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium)、甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)、甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)、鬃毛甲烷菌属(Methanosaeta)(古菌)等。同时也综述了影响厌氧体系中的微生物群落结构的因素,如pH、营养物质、温度、氨氮(NH4+-N)及有毒有害物质等。最后展望了稳定同位素标记、宏基因组学和蛋白质组学等分子生物技术在探查微生物功能方面的应用前景,为进一步分析厌氧体系中未识别的功能微生物提供技术支撑。

关键词: 厌氧消化, 功能微生物, 细菌, 古菌

Abstract:

Sludge anaerobic digestion technology has attracted much attention due to its characteristics of harmlessness, resource utilization and stabilization. Sludge anaerobic digestion involves various processes such as hydrolysis fermentation, hydrogen production, acetic acid production and methanogenesis, and exerts different functions. We introduced the bacteria (phylum level) and archaea (genus level) communities commonly found in sludge anaerobic digestion systems, such as Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Spirochaetes (bacteria) and Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina, Methanobrevibacter, Methanosaeta (archaea) and so on in this paper. Factors affecting microbial community structure in anaerobic systems such as pH, nutrients, temperature, ammonia nitrogen and toxic and hazardous substances are also reviewed. Finally, application of molecular biotechnology such as stable isotope labeling, metagenomics and proteomics in exploring microbial functions are prospected. Aim of this paper is to provide technical support for further analysis of unidentified functional microorganisms in anaerobic systems.

Key words: anaerobic digestion, functional microorganisms, bacteria, archaea

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