针翅式多孔倾斜射流微通道流动传热特性与多目标优化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-2297

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于场协同理论，提出了一种针翅式多孔倾斜射流微通道热沉用于电子元件的高效冷却。通过数值模拟研究了倾斜射流角度（θ）、翅片相对高度比（α）和通道横流对微通道内流动与传热特性的影响。研究发现：泵功随着射流角度的增加先减小后增大，热阻随着射流角度的增加单调减小，当射流角度θ=150°时热阻最小；针翅片具有破坏射流引起的螺旋流并强化横流区传热的作用，且针翅片与倾斜射流的组合能实现更好的传热性能。最后，为了获得综合性能更优的微通道参数，采用径向基神经网络与NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法对热阻和泵功进行了多目标优化。与同水力直径下射流雷诺数（Re_j）为1000的光滑垂直多孔射流微通道相比，在相同泵功下优化后的热阻下降了26.0%；在相同热阻下，优化后的泵功下降了94.6%。通过结合熵权法TOPSIS选取的热阻与泵功最优折衷解分别为0.55K/W和0.56W。

关键词: 微通道, 倾斜射流, 针翅片, 强化换热, 优化

Abstract:

Based on the field synergy principle, a pin-fin multi inclined jet microchannel heat sink for efficient cooling of electronic components was proposed. The impacts of inclined jet angle (θ), relative pin fin height (α), and crossflow on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the heat sink are investigated through numerical simulations. The results showed that, pumping power firstly decreased and then increased with the increase of jet angle, and thermal resistance monotonically decreased with the increase of jet angle and reached the minimum value at θ=150°. The pin fin can destroy the helical flow caused by the jet and strengthen the heat transfer in the crossflow region, and the combination of the pin fin and the inclined jet can achieve better heat transfer performance. To comprehensively study the overall performance of the pin-fin inclined jet impingement microchannel, radial basis function neural networks and the NSGA-Ⅱ genetic algorithm were employed for multi-objective optimization of thermal resistance and pumping power. Under the same pumping power, the optimized thermal resistance decreases by 26.0% compared to that of the smooth multi vertical jet microchannel, while under the same thermal resistance, the optimized pumping power decreases by 94.6%. Furthermore, the thermal resistance and pump power of the optimal compromise solution selected by TOPSIS combined with the entropy weighting method are 0.055 K/W and 0.56W, respectively.

Key words: microchannel, inclined jet, pin fin, heat transfer enhancement, optimization

中图分类号:

TK124

朱汝凯, 程潇, 刘金亚, 吴慧英. 针翅式多孔倾斜射流微通道流动传热特性与多目标优化[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(1): 86-99.

ZHU Rukai, CHENG Xiao, LIU Jinya, WU Huiying. Flow and heat transfer characteristics and multi-objective optimization of pin-fin multi inclined jet microchannels[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(1): 86-99.

图/表 23

图1 文献[12]垂直射流微通道设计与本文倾斜射流微通道设计

图2 针翅式多孔倾斜射流微通道几何模型示意图

图3 边界条件

表1 网格无关性验证

网格数量	R_t/K·W^-1	P_p/W	ΔR_t/R_t	ΔP_p/P_p
327574	0.10052	0.08537	8.30%	0.78%
2665630	0.09475	0.08478	2.08%	0.08%
3436366	0.09393	0.08475	1.20%	0.04%
4645551	0.09337	0.08473	0.59%	0.02%
5848364	0.09301	0.08471	0.20%	0
6695600	0.09282	0.08471

图4 模型可靠性验证结果

图5 多目标优化流程图

图6 Rec=180、α=0.75时不同Rej下θ对Rt与Pp的影响

图7 不同θ下射流微通道热沉的总质量流量m˙与射流通道的有效水力直径Dj,eff

图8 Rej=1000、Rec=180、α=0.75时不同θ下射流微通道的沿程热阻分布、沿程换热系数与平均换热系数

图9 微通道轴向对称面处Rec=180、Rej=1000、α=0.75时不同θ的速度场云图

图10 不同微通道x方向横截面处Rec=180、Rej=600、α=0.75时θ为30°和150°的温度场云图

图11 不同θ时的三维流线图与温度场云图

图12 Rej=1000时射流滞止区的平均流-热协同角β随θ变化

图13 不同θ时流固界面的壁面努塞尔数云图

图14 Rec=180、θ=90°时不同Rej下α对Rt与Pp的影响

图15 不同α时的三维流线图与温度场云图

图16 α=0.75、θ=110°时不同Rej下Rec对Rt与Pp的影响

图17 微通道轴向中心对称面处不同Rec与Rej时的温度场云图

图18 斯皮尔曼相关性热图

图19 近似模型相关性

表2 NSGA-Ⅱ 参数设置

参数	数值
种群大小	20
迭代次数	20
交叉概率	0.9
交叉分布指数	10.0
变异分布指数	20.0

图20 多目标优化结果

表 3 优化结果的验证对比

项目	R_t/W·K^-1	P_p/W
TOPSIS	0.055	0.56
CFD	0.053	0.55
相对误差	4.4%	1.8%

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