多孔离子聚合物催化二氧化碳环加成反应的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1294

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二氧化碳（CO₂）作为一种来源丰富的C₁资源，如何实现其资源化利用是当前研究的热点之一。多孔离子聚合物（porous ionic polymers，PIPs）由于结合了多孔聚合物和离子液体的优点，从而对CO₂吸附和转化表现出了巨大的潜力。本文从PIPs的合成方法、结构性质以及催化活性的角度出发，系统综述了近年来聚离子液体（自由基聚合）、超交联离子聚合物和金属有机骨架（MOFs）基离子聚合物等多孔离子聚合物催化剂在CO₂环加成反应的应用，总结了各类催化剂制备方法的优缺点和结构特征，分析了PIPs在CO₂环加成反应中的构效关系以及催化反应机理。最后，对PIPs用于催化CO₂环加成反应的应用前景进行了展望，主要包括如何提高PIPs的催化活性、稳定性和应用范围以及降低其工业应用的成本。

关键词: 多孔聚合物, 离子液体, 催化剂, 多相反应, 二氧化碳

Abstract:

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an abundant C₁ resource, and the resource utilization of CO₂ is one of the hotspots in current research. Porous ionic polymers (PIPs) combine the advantages of porous polymers and ionic liquids, showing great potential in CO₂ adsorption and conversion. Based on the synthesis methods, structural properties and catalytic activity of PIPs, the recent application of porous ionic polymer catalysts such as polyionic liquids (free radical polymerization), hyper-crosslinked ionic polymers and MOFs-based ionic polymers in CO₂ cycloaddition reaction is systematically reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of preparation method and structural characteristics of various PIPs catalysts are summarized. And the structure-activity relationship and catalytic mechanism of PIPs in CO₂ cycloaddition reaction are investigated. Finally, the application prospects of CO₂ cycloaddition catalyzed by PIPs are prospected, including improving the catalytic activity, stability and application range of PIPs and reducing the cost.

Key words: porous polymers, ionic liquids, catalyst, multiphase reaction, carbon dioxide

中图分类号:

TQ032

廖旭, 周骏, 罗杰, 曾瑞琳, 王泽宇, 李尊华, 林金清. 多孔离子聚合物催化二氧化碳环加成反应的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(9): 4925-4940.

LIAO Xu, ZHOU Jun, LUO Jie, ZENG Ruilin, WANG Zeyu, LI Zunhua, LIN Jinqing. Research progress on CO₂ cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by porous ionic polymers[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(9): 4925-4940.

图/表 11

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催化剂名称	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	离子含量 /mmol·g^-1	分解温度/℃	环氧化物	反应温度/℃	CO₂压力 /MPa	反应时间/h	助催化剂	产率/%	参考文献
poly[bvbim]Cl	24.18	—	180	环氧氯丙烷	140	5	3	—	98.0	[30]
PDMBr	205	—	260	氧化苯乙烯	120	0.1	12	—	91.1	[31]
PVIm-6-SCD	797.7	—	230	氧化苯乙烯	80	0.1	8	—	97.9	[32]
PVBIMCl	—	0.78	243	环氧氯丙烷	110	6	3	—	95.8	[33]
PEAMC1	112	1.09	280	氧化苯乙烯	120	0.1	12	—	94.3	[34]
P2D-4BrBQA-Zn	243	—	200	环氧氯丙烷	50	0.1	24	—	96.0	[35]
P-DAEImOPy	211	—	270	环氧丙醇	140	0.5	2	—	68.0（DMC） /19.0（GLC）	[36]
COP-114-(CH₂NMe₃⁺)maxCl^-	621	—	400	氧化苯乙烯	80	0.1	24	—	95.8	[37]
[HCP-CH₂-Im][Cl]-1	385	2.1	236	氧化苯乙烯	140	0.1	5	—	99.0	[38]
HIP-Cl(3)-OH	596	0.971	193	氧化苯乙烯	140	0.1	5	—	99.0	[39]
HPILs-Cl-2	500	—	300	氧化苯乙烯	70	0.1	9	TBAB	88.0	[40]
Py-HCP-Br	435	—	207	氧化苯乙烯	120	2	8	—	86.0	[41]
HBIM(0.5)@QA-Br	120	1.56	172	环氧氯丙烷	140	0.1	2	—	99.0	[42]
HP-[BZPhIm]Cl-DCX-1	763	0.732	220	氧化苯乙烯	120	0.1	24	—	90.9	[43]
[HBIM-6]Br-DCX(3)	83	2.31	182	氧化苯乙烯	140	0.1	2	—	99.0	[44]
PIPs-5	520	1.2	188	环氧氯丙烷	80	1	20	—	98.0	[45]
IPOP1-XL	1830	—	400	氧化苯乙烯	35	0.1	36	TBAB	99.0	[46]
(I^-)Meim-UiO-66	328	—	100	环氧氯丙烷	120	0.1	24	—	93.0	[47]
ZIF-9-ImBr	34.8	—	330	环氧丙烷	120	2	3.5	—	93.8	[48]
HImBr@Cr-MIL-101	1987	—	350	氧化苯乙烯	120	2	1.5	—	89.4	[49]
[AeImBr]83%-TAPT-COFs	55	—	400	环氧氯丙烷	120	2.5	12	—	99.1	[50]
cCTF-500	1247	—	500	氧化苯乙烯	90	0.1	12	—	85.0	[51]
COP-222	21	—	251	氧化苯乙烯	100	0.1	24	—	99.0	[52]

催化剂名称	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	离子含量 /mmol·g^-1	分解温度/℃	环氧化物	反应温度/℃	CO₂压力 /MPa	反应时间/h	助催化剂	产率/%	参考文献
poly[bvbim]Cl	24.18	—	180	环氧氯丙烷	140	5	3	—	98.0	[30]
PDMBr	205	—	260	氧化苯乙烯	120	0.1	12	—	91.1	[31]
PVIm-6-SCD	797.7	—	230	氧化苯乙烯	80	0.1	8	—	97.9	[32]
PVBIMCl	—	0.78	243	环氧氯丙烷	110	6	3	—	95.8	[33]
PEAMC1	112	1.09	280	氧化苯乙烯	120	0.1	12	—	94.3	[34]
P2D-4BrBQA-Zn	243	—	200	环氧氯丙烷	50	0.1	24	—	96.0	[35]
P-DAEImOPy	211	—	270	环氧丙醇	140	0.5	2	—	68.0（DMC） /19.0（GLC）	[36]
COP-114-(CH₂NMe₃⁺)maxCl^-	621	—	400	氧化苯乙烯	80	0.1	24	—	95.8	[37]
[HCP-CH₂-Im][Cl]-1	385	2.1	236	氧化苯乙烯	140	0.1	5	—	99.0	[38]
HIP-Cl(3)-OH	596	0.971	193	氧化苯乙烯	140	0.1	5	—	99.0	[39]
HPILs-Cl-2	500	—	300	氧化苯乙烯	70	0.1	9	TBAB	88.0	[40]
Py-HCP-Br	435	—	207	氧化苯乙烯	120	2	8	—	86.0	[41]
HBIM(0.5)@QA-Br	120	1.56	172	环氧氯丙烷	140	0.1	2	—	99.0	[42]
HP-[BZPhIm]Cl-DCX-1	763	0.732	220	氧化苯乙烯	120	0.1	24	—	90.9	[43]
[HBIM-6]Br-DCX(3)	83	2.31	182	氧化苯乙烯	140	0.1	2	—	99.0	[44]
PIPs-5	520	1.2	188	环氧氯丙烷	80	1	20	—	98.0	[45]
IPOP1-XL	1830	—	400	氧化苯乙烯	35	0.1	36	TBAB	99.0	[46]
(I^-)Meim-UiO-66	328	—	100	环氧氯丙烷	120	0.1	24	—	93.0	[47]
ZIF-9-ImBr	34.8	—	330	环氧丙烷	120	2	3.5	—	93.8	[48]
HImBr@Cr-MIL-101	1987	—	350	氧化苯乙烯	120	2	1.5	—	89.4	[49]
[AeImBr]83%-TAPT-COFs	55	—	400	环氧氯丙烷	120	2.5	12	—	99.1	[50]
cCTF-500	1247	—	500	氧化苯乙烯	90	0.1	12	—	85.0	[51]
COP-222	21	—	251	氧化苯乙烯	100	0.1	24	—	99.0	[52]

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