电解铜箔微观结构与力学性能影响因素的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1214

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 5043-5054.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1214

• 材料科学与技术 • 上一篇

电解铜箔微观结构与力学性能影响因素的研究进展

杨誉淞¹^,²(), 唐健¹^,², 李银¹^,², 杨斌¹^,², 张克宇¹^,², 张少泽¹^,², 姚耀春¹^,²(), 胡均贤¹^,²()

^1.昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院，云南昆明 650093
^2.昆明理工大学真空冶金国家工程研究中心，云南昆明 650093

收稿日期:2024-07-26 修回日期:2024-11-13 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-09-30
通讯作者: 姚耀春,胡均贤
作者简介:杨誉淞（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为电解铜箔。E-mail：1281964678@qq.com。
基金资助:
云南省科技厅重大科技专项计划(202402AB080001);云南省科技厅昆明理工大学“双一流”创建联合专项(202301BE070001-014);云南省工程研究中心创新能力建设和提升专项(2023-XMDJ-00616955)

Advances in research on the influence factors of microstructure and mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil

YANG Yusong¹^,²(), TANG Jian¹^,², LI Yin¹^,², YANG Bin¹^,², ZHANG Keyu¹^,², ZHANG Shaoze¹^,², YAO Yaochun¹^,²(), HU Junxian¹^,²()

^1.School of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
^2.National Engineering Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China

Received:2024-07-26 Revised:2024-11-13 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-09-30
Contact: YAO Yaochun, HU Junxian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电解铜箔作为锂离子电池负极材料的重要组成部分，其性能直接关系到电池的电化学特性和安全性。本文系统探讨了电沉积工艺参数和添加剂对铜箔性能的影响，重点分析了铜离子浓度、电解液温度、电流密度和电解液循环等因素对铜箔晶粒尺寸、表面粗糙度和电化学性能的作用。研究表明，适宜的铜离子浓度和电解液温度有助于获得均匀细小的晶粒和更平滑的表面，而电流密度的提高可以在一定程度上提升铜箔的沉积速率和电流效率。添加剂的使用对铜箔的晶粒细化、表面质量和内应力分布具有重要作用，不同添加剂之间的协同和竞争作用需要精细调控以优化铜箔性能。尽管电解铜箔在锂离子电池中的应用已经取得了显著进展，但仍存在提高产品一致性和性能稳定性的挑战。未来的研究和开发工作需要聚焦于提高电解铜箔的生产效率、产品质量以及环境可持续性，同时控制和降低生产成本。

关键词: 电解铜箔, 电沉积工艺, 添加剂, 微观结构, 力学性能

Abstract:

Electrolytic copper foil, as a key component of the anode material in lithium-ion batteries, directly affects the electrochemical characteristics and safety of the batteries. This article systematically explored the impact of electroplating process parameters and additives on the performance of copper foil, focusing on the effects of copper ion concentration, electrolyte temperature, current density and electrolyte circulation on the grain size, surface roughness and electrochemical performance of the copper foil. Research indicated that appropriate copper ion concentration and electrolyte temperature contributed to achieving uniform and fine grains and a smoother surface, while an increase in current density could enhance the deposition rate and current efficiency to a certain extent. The use of additives played a significant role in refining the grains, improving surface quality and distributing internal stress of the copper foil. The synergistic and competitive effects between different additives required precise control to optimize the performance of the copper foil. Despite the significant progress in the application of electrolytic copper foil in lithium-ion batteries, challenges remained in improving product consistency and performance stability. Future research and development efforts needed to focus on enhancing the production efficiency, product quality and environmental sustainability of electrolytic copper foil, while controlling and reducing production costs.

Key words: electrolytic copper foils, electrodeposition process, additives, microstructure, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TQ153

杨誉淞, 唐健, 李银, 杨斌, 张克宇, 张少泽, 姚耀春, 胡均贤. 电解铜箔微观结构与力学性能影响因素的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(9): 5043-5054.

YANG Yusong, TANG Jian, LI Yin, YANG Bin, ZHANG Keyu, ZHANG Shaoze, YAO Yaochun, HU Junxian. Advances in research on the influence factors of microstructure and mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(9): 5043-5054.

图/表 8

参考文献 58

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光亮剂类型	光亮效果	对表面粗糙度的影响	对抗拉强度的影响	对断裂延伸率的影响	备注
UPS	几乎没有效果	影响不明确	影响不明显	变化很小	无明显光亮效果
MPS	效果明显	降低粗糙度	过量时降低	初期增加，过量后降低	用量需适当控制
DPS	效果较差	降低粗糙度，效果一般	过量时明显降低	增加效果较好	过量使用影响性能
HP	效果明显	降低粗糙度，效果显著	过量时降低	初期增加，过量后降低	用量需适当控制

光亮剂类型	光亮效果	对表面粗糙度的影响	对抗拉强度的影响	对断裂延伸率的影响	备注
UPS	几乎没有效果	影响不明确	影响不明显	变化很小	无明显光亮效果
MPS	效果明显	降低粗糙度	过量时降低	初期增加，过量后降低	用量需适当控制
DPS	效果较差	降低粗糙度，效果一般	过量时明显降低	增加效果较好	过量使用影响性能
HP	效果明显	降低粗糙度，效果显著	过量时降低	初期增加，过量后降低	用量需适当控制

ρ(SPS)/mg·L^-1	ρ(HEC)/mg·L^-1	ρ(钼酸钠)/mg·L^-1	毛面粗糙度/μm	剥离强度/N·mm^-1	劣化率/%
1	3	30	7.53	1.50	7.33
1	5	50	7.40	1.41	0.71
1	7	70	7.50	1.47	4.08
3	3	50	7.57	1.53	0
3	5	70	7.38	1.39	4.31
3	7	30	7.44	1.42	2.11
5	3	70	7.53	1.49	3.73
5	5	30	7.26	1.34	10.06
5	7	50	7.35	1.38	17.39

ρ(SPS)/mg·L^-1	ρ(HEC)/mg·L^-1	ρ(钼酸钠)/mg·L^-1	毛面粗糙度/μm	剥离强度/N·mm^-1	劣化率/%
1	3	30	7.53	1.50	7.33
1	5	50	7.40	1.41	0.71
1	7	70	7.50	1.47	4.08
3	3	50	7.57	1.53	0
3	5	70	7.38	1.39	4.31
3	7	30	7.44	1.42	2.11
5	3	70	7.53	1.49	3.73
5	5	30	7.26	1.34	10.06
5	7	50	7.35	1.38	17.39

电解铜箔微观结构与力学性能影响因素的研究进展

Advances in research on the influence factors of microstructure and mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil

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