基于高内相乳液模板法构筑的超疏水多孔泡沫

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1542

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工业含油废水的排放和海洋溢油事故的发生导致水体区域环境遭到了严重破坏，为了实现高效且低成本的油水分离，本研究利用高内相乳液模板法构筑了一种超疏水多孔泡沫。利用扫描电子显微镜、压泵仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱对材料的物理、化学结构进行了表征，测试了材料的润湿性：水接触角达146.8°，水滚动角为6°，油接触角几乎为0°，显示出超疏水-超亲油特性，且材料的润湿性可通过调整单体之间的配比进行调控。材料对不同类型的油或有机试剂，吸收倍率在30.17~76.65g/g，显示出优异的吸油能力。材料能有效清理水面浮油和水下重油，并可循环利用，经历10次吸附-脱附实验后，油品的回收效率依然维持在90%左右。进一步研究了材料对油品的吸附过程，结果表明，其对柴油和乙醇的吸附过程更符合伪一阶吸附动力学模型（R²>0.99）。综上表明，该材料是一种吸油倍率高、油回收效率良好且可重复利用的超疏水-超亲油多孔材料，在油水分离领域具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 高内相乳液模板法, 超疏水, 多孔材料, 油品回收, 油水分离

Abstract:

The discharge of industrial oily wastewater and the occurrence of marine oil spills have led to serious damage to the aquatic environment. In order to achieve efficient and cost-effective oil/water separation, a superhydrophobic porous foam was successfully fabricated in this study applying the high internal phase emulsion template method. The physical and chemical structures of the materials were characterized by SEM, MIP, FTIR and XPS, and the wettability of the materials was also tested. These materials exhibited superhydrophobic-super oleophilic properties, evidenced by a high water contact angle of 146.8°, an impressively low water rolling angle of merely 6° and an almost negligible oil contact angle. The hydrophobicity of the material can be easily tailored by adjusting the monomer ratios. Remarkably, this material demonstrated exceptional oil-absorption capabilities with oil-absorption rates ranging from 30.17g/g to 76.65g/g across various oils and organic reagents. Furthermore, the material addressed surface oil spills and underwater heavy oil release, maintaining a consistent oil recovery efficiency of 90% throughout 10 cycles. Further research was conducted on the adsorption process of the material on oil products, and the results showed a closer adherence to the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetic model (R²>0.99) for diesel and ethanol. Consequently, the material presented as a superhydrophobic-super oleophilic porous substance, exhibiting elevated oil adsorption ratio, remarkable oil recovery efficiency and commendable reusability. Its potential applications in the realm of oil-water separation were abundant.

Key words: high internal phase emulsion template method, superhydrophobic, porous material, oil recovery, oil/water separation

中图分类号:

O632.7

温志鹏, 柯思因, 杨惠林, 李泳, 余传明, 廖铭能. 基于高内相乳液模板法构筑的超疏水多孔泡沫[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(10): 5633-5641.

WEN Zhipeng, KE Siyin, YANG Huilin, LI Yong, YU Chuanming, LIAO Mingneng. Superhydrophobic porous foams constructed based on the high internal phase emulsion template method[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(10): 5633-5641.

图/表 10

表1 材料的配比

样品编号	TFEMA/g	DVB/g	超纯水/mL
1	0.10	0.40	10
2	0.20	0.30	10
3	0.25	0.25	10
4	0.30	0.20	10
5	0.30	0.20	15
6	0.30	0.20	20

图1 超疏水多孔泡沫表面浸润性分析

图2 超疏水多孔泡沫的微观结构分析孔径分布

图3 超疏水多孔泡沫（样品6）FTIR与XPS分析

图4 超疏水多孔泡沫的吸油性能分析

表2 不同吸油材料的吸油倍率

文献	材料	吸附油品	吸油倍率/g·g^-1
Wang等^[33]	木质气凝胶	乙醇	13
Wang等^[33]	木质气凝胶	乙酸乙酯	15
Khosravi等^[34]	疏水海绵	四氯化碳	58
Gu等^[35]	纳米粒子	柴油	3.63
Wang等^[36]	碳海绵	四氯化碳	43
本文	超疏水多孔泡沫（样品6）	乙醇	30.17
		乙酸乙酯	41.96
		四氯化碳	76.65
		柴油	33.03

图5 超疏水多孔泡沫（样品6）的吸附机制分析

表3 不同吸附动力学模型的模拟结果

模型名称	表达式	油品类型	参数
模型名称	表达式	油品类型	R²	斜率	截距
伪一阶吸附动力学模型	$l n q e - q t = l n q e - K 1 t$	乙醇	0.9921	-0.03324	3.264
伪一阶吸附动力学模型	$l n q e - q t = l n q e - K 1 t$	柴油	0.9945	-0.02874	3.050
伪二阶吸附动力学模型	$t q t = 1 K 2 × q e 2 + t q e$	乙醇	0.9664	0.01570	0.2804
伪二阶吸附动力学模型	$t q t = 1 K 2 × q e 2 + t q e$	柴油	0.9793	0.2405	0.4369
Elovich吸附动力学模型	$q t = K 3 l n t + B$	乙醇	0.9816	6.322	2.053
Elovich吸附动力学模型	$q t = K 3 l n t + B$	柴油	0.9695	5.704	-0.7562
Weber-Morris吸附动力学模型	$q t = K 4 × t 12 + C$	乙醇	0.9514	2.510	7.120
Weber-Morris吸附动力学模型	$q t = K 4 × t 12 + C$	柴油	0.9717	2.002	4.768

表3 不同吸附动力学模型的模拟结果

模型名称	表达式	油品类型	参数
模型名称	表达式	油品类型	R²	斜率	截距
伪一阶吸附动力学模型	$l n q e - q t = l n q e - K 1 t$	乙醇	0.9921	-0.03324	3.264
伪一阶吸附动力学模型	$l n q e - q t = l n q e - K 1 t$	柴油	0.9945	-0.02874	3.050
伪二阶吸附动力学模型	$t q t = 1 K 2 × q e 2 + t q e$	乙醇	0.9664	0.01570	0.2804
伪二阶吸附动力学模型	$t q t = 1 K 2 × q e 2 + t q e$	柴油	0.9793	0.2405	0.4369
Elovich吸附动力学模型	$q t = K 3 l n t + B$	乙醇	0.9816	6.322	2.053
Elovich吸附动力学模型	$q t = K 3 l n t + B$	柴油	0.9695	5.704	-0.7562
Weber-Morris吸附动力学模型	$q t = K 4 × t 12 + C$	乙醇	0.9514	2.510	7.120
Weber-Morris吸附动力学模型	$q t = K 4 × t 12 + C$	柴油	0.9717	2.002	4.768

图6 超疏水多孔泡沫（样品6）的油水分离效果示意图

图7 超疏水多孔泡沫（样品6）的循环性能试验

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