三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性及在油水分离领域的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0288

化工进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 984-1000.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0288

三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性及在油水分离领域的研究进展

何兰¹(), 高助威²(), 亓欣雨², 李成欣², 王世豪², 刘钟馨³^,⁴

^1.海南大学食品科学与工程学院，海南海口 570228
^2.海南大学化学工程与技术学院，海南海口 570228
^3.海南大学热带岛屿资源先进材料教育部重点实验室，海南海口 570228
^4.海南大学海南省精细化工重点实验室，海南海口 570228

收稿日期:2023-02-28 修回日期:2023-04-20 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-03-07
通讯作者: 高助威
作者简介:何兰（1999—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为油水分离。E-mail：helan857857@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(12202127);海南省自然科学基金(520QN228);海南省科协青年科技英才创新计划(QCXM202027);海南大学科研启动项目[KYQD（ZR）20042]

Research progress in hydrophobic modification of melamine sponge and its application in oil-water separation field

HE Lan¹(), GAO Zhuwei²(), QI Xinyu², LI Chengxin², WANG Shihao², LIU Zhongxin³^,⁴

^1.School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
^2.School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials Resources of Tropical Islands, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
^4.Hainan Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China

Received:2023-02-28 Revised:2023-04-20 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-03-07
Contact: GAO Zhuwei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海上溢油和工业油污泄漏频发，导致水体受到严重的污染破坏。随着生态文明建设的不断推进，为使受油污染的水体得到高效的清洁保护，各种油水分离材料和方法应运而生。其中，三聚氰胺海绵具有独特的三维柔性结构以及其他优异的特性，使用不同的方法对其进行疏水改性后被广泛应用于油水分离领域。本文概述了超润湿性表面油水分离的机理，讨论了三聚氰胺海绵在油水分离领域的研究进展，总结了近几年三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性的材料与方法以及改性后的一些特殊性质，如磁性、耐腐蚀性等。同时对各种材料与方法进行了分析评价，并对疏水改性三聚氰胺海绵在油水分离领域的发展方向进行了展望，为推动低成本、高性能三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性技术在含油废水处理中的应用提供了参考。

关键词: 三聚氰胺海绵, 油水分离, 超润湿性, 疏水改性, 三维多孔材料

Abstract:

With the continuous promotion of ecological civilization construction, various oil-water separation materials and methods emerge as the times require in order to achieve efficient clean protection of oil-contaminated water. Modified melamine sponge is widely used in the field of oil-water separation due to its unique three-dimensional ultra-wetting characteristics. In this paper, the mechanism of ultra-wettable oil-water separation was outlined, the research progress of melamine sponge in the field of oil-water separation was discussed, and the materials and methods of hydrophobic modification of melamine sponge in recent years were summarized as well as some special properties, such as magnetism and corrosion resistance, which were endowed with melamine sponge after modification. At the same time, the above materials and methods were evaluated objectively, and the development direction of oil-water separation and hydrophobic modified melamine sponge were prospected, providing reference for promoting the application of low-cost and high-performance hydrophobic modified technology of melamine sponge in oily wastewater treatment.

Key words: melamine sponge, oil-water separation, ultra-wetting, hydrophobic modification, three-dimensional porous material

中图分类号:

TQ319

何兰, 高助威, 亓欣雨, 李成欣, 王世豪, 刘钟馨. 三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性及在油水分离领域的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(2): 984-1000.

HE Lan, GAO Zhuwei, QI Xinyu, LI Chengxin, WANG Shihao, LIU Zhongxin. Research progress in hydrophobic modification of melamine sponge and its application in oil-water separation field[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(2): 984-1000.

图/表 14

图1 三聚氰胺海绵三维多孔材料表面改性的应用分类

图2 自然界中具有特殊润湿性的生物表面及其形貌微观结构示例图[37-44]

图3 气体环境中的超润湿模型和水下超润湿模型

图4 GO@MS和rGO@MS的制备过程[50]、石墨烯/CA的制备工艺[51]和浸涂法制备超疏水纳米金刚石功能化三聚氰胺海绵[57]

图5 原始MS、CMS、CMS/rGO和CMS/rGO/PFDT的照片，水中原始MS和CMS/rGO/PFDT的照片，原始MS、CMS/rGO/PFDT的照片以及实验制备CMS/rGO/PFDT的方法示意图[61]

图6 一步法将三聚氰胺海绵涂覆pV4D4改性过程示意图[62]和pV4D4沉积法改性三聚氰胺海绵过程图[63]

图7 pH响应三聚氰胺海绵的制备过程、PDA改性反应机理和三聚氰胺海绵修饰负载改性反应机理图[65]

图8 无氟有机硅制备超疏水/超亲油性复合三聚氰胺海绵过程原理图[70]

图9 SHMP-1@Sponge的制备过程和SHMP-1@Sponge分离水包油乳液过程示意图[74]

图10 超疏水三聚氰胺海绵（S-MS）的制备过程[79]

表1 三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性的材料、方法与改性后的接触角、分离的混合物种类、吸收容量及分离效率

改性材料	改性方法	接触角/(°)	油水混合物的种类	吸收容量/g·g^-1	分离效率/%	参考文献
活性炭/还原氧化石墨烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷	浸涂	164	油类/有机溶剂	120	>99	[80]
丝素蛋白-氧化石墨烯	浸渍	130	油类	76	93	[28]
高岭石/氧化石墨烯	涂覆	152.3	油类/有机溶剂	—	>95	[81]
六水合硝酸镁/硝酸铝九水合物/十二烷基硫酸钠	原位改性	163.2	乳状液	70.5~137.2	>95	[82]
多巴胺/三甲氧基硅烷/NH₂(CH₂)₁₁COOH	原位改性	>150	轻油/重油	72.7~161.3	>98.5	[65]
氮气	炭化	120~140	溶剂/油类	90~200	99.5	[83]
氟烷基硅烷/Fe₃O₄	涂覆/浸涂	>150	油类/有机溶剂	59~77	—	[69]
多巴胺/二乙基三胺/正十二烷硫醇	化学修饰	>150	油类/有机溶剂	>70	99.52	[71]
磁性纳米粒子	化学气相沉积	151~156	油类/有机溶剂	39.8~78.7	—	[84]
多巴胺/Fe₃O₄/Ag纳米粒子	化学修饰	156.3	油类/有机溶剂	55.9~99.6	97.3	[79]
Fe₃O₄/生物苯并𫫇嗪/长链脂族胺	浸涂	152	油类	65.8~136.2	—	[85]
Ag纳米颗粒/多巴胺	原位改性	155.9	油类/有机溶剂	(32.5±1.1)~(108.1±1.8)	95.8	[86]

图11 MS@CuO@SA的合成过程[88]和磁性超疏水海绵的制备工艺示意图[89]

图12 CW涂层Fe3O4@MS的制造工艺图[93]

图13 还原氧化石墨烯/AgNPs包覆光热三聚氰胺海绵[95]、太阳能驱动的自加热海绵吸收原油的示意图[96]、PDMS@Fe3O4-PPy/MS在原油溢油中光热和焦耳热修复中的应用[97]和磁光热海绵（PDMS-MPfFn-MS）用于快速清理重质原油泄漏图[98]

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三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性及在油水分离领域的研究进展

Research progress in hydrophobic modification of melamine sponge and its application in oil-water separation field

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