纤维素基油水分离材料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1429

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石油泄漏事故及工业含油废水排放等严重破坏了人类赖以生存的生态环境，如何有效分离油水混合物成了当前的研究热点。传统的油水分离材料的不可回收性带来材料的二次污染极大限制了它们的广泛应用。纤维素是地球上最丰富的天然聚合物，并且具有生物相容性、生物降解性、化学稳定性和低成本等特点，因此纤维素基油水分离材料亦受到广泛关注。本文系统总结了近年来过滤型和吸附型纤维素基油水分离材料的研究进展，重点围绕纤维素类物质作材料基底（滤纸、棉布等）、用其进行表面改性（纤维素纳米晶体、纤维素衍生物等）以及全纤维素基油水分离材料等方面进行详细分析和介绍，对纤维素基油水分离材料存在的问题进行了探讨，并对其未来发展进行了展望。

关键词: 纤维素, 过滤, 吸附, 油水分离

Abstract:

Crude oil spill accidents and industrial oily wastewater discharge have severely damaged the eco-logical environment that humans rely on. How to effectively separate oil-water mixtures has become a current research hotspot. The non-recyclability of traditional oil-water separation materials causes secondary pollution of the materials, which greatly limits their wide application. Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on earth. It has the characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, chemical stability and low cost, which makes cellulose-based oil-water separation materials have received extensive attention. This article systematically summarized the research progress of filtration and adsorption cellulose-based oil-water separation materials in recent years, focusing on detailed analysis of cellulosic materials as the substrates (filter paper, cotton cloth, etc.) and the coatings (cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose derivatives, etc.), and all-cellulose-based oil-water separation materials. Finally, the existing problems of cellulose-based oil-water separation materials are discussed with looking forward to their future development.

Key words: cellulose, filtration, adsorption, oil-water separation

中图分类号:

叶泽权, 吴青芸, 顾林. 纤维素基油水分离材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(6): 3038-3050.

YE Zequan, WU Qingyun, GU Lin. Recent progress in cellulose-based materials for oil-water separation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(6): 3038-3050.

图/表 17

参考文献 66

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基底	表面改性物质	方法	油水分离形式	分离效率/%	流量 /L·m^-2·h^-1	参考文献
纤维素滤纸	聚乙烯醇与戊二醛的交联	浸涂法	水包己烷乳液	>99.9	60	［20］
纤维素滤纸	锌铝层状双氢氧化物纳米片、硅烷偶联剂	原位生长法、接枝法	水包甲苯乳液	>94.4	500	［21］
纤维素织物	二氧化钛溶胶、含氟聚合物	浸涂法	二氯甲烷/水混合物	99.5	未提及	［22］
纤维素织物	微孔聚合物、氟化烷基硅氧烷	浸涂法	十六烷/水混合物	99.96	未提及	［23］
纤维素织物	硼酸-二氧化硅-烷基-硅烷涂层	浸干法	氯仿-水混合物	约100	未提及	［24］
纤维素织物	大豆油、氧化锌、硬脂酸	两步固化浸涂法	癸烷/水混合物	97~99	23500~33800	［25］
纤维素织物	大豆油、硬脂酸	酶蚀刻法、表面涂层法	氯仿/水混合物	98	43600~61100	［26］
纤维素织物	聚二甲基硅氧烷/植酸金属络合物	循环组装法、浸渍固化法	氯仿/水混合物	99.5	未提及	［27］
纤维素织物	片状六方氧化锌、月桂酸	原位合成法和浸涂法	油/水混合物	>96.5	2900~3400	［28］
纤维素膜	聚{[3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯]-嵌段月桂烯}	接枝法	含有无机/有机颗粒的原油/水混合物	未提及	约1000	［29］
银/CNF复合纸	银	交替过滤法	水包二甲苯乳液	>96	约140	［30］
桉木浆纤维素纸	丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺	接枝法	油/水混合物	>97.6	未提及	［31］
纤维素纳米纤维膜	氧化石墨烯	静电纺丝技术	正己烷/水混合物	>97.3	960	［32］

基底	表面改性物质	方法	油水分离形式	分离效率/%	流量 /L·m^-2·h^-1	参考文献
纤维素滤纸	聚乙烯醇与戊二醛的交联	浸涂法	水包己烷乳液	>99.9	60	［20］
纤维素滤纸	锌铝层状双氢氧化物纳米片、硅烷偶联剂	原位生长法、接枝法	水包甲苯乳液	>94.4	500	［21］
纤维素织物	二氧化钛溶胶、含氟聚合物	浸涂法	二氯甲烷/水混合物	99.5	未提及	［22］
纤维素织物	微孔聚合物、氟化烷基硅氧烷	浸涂法	十六烷/水混合物	99.96	未提及	［23］
纤维素织物	硼酸-二氧化硅-烷基-硅烷涂层	浸干法	氯仿-水混合物	约100	未提及	［24］
纤维素织物	大豆油、氧化锌、硬脂酸	两步固化浸涂法	癸烷/水混合物	97~99	23500~33800	［25］
纤维素织物	大豆油、硬脂酸	酶蚀刻法、表面涂层法	氯仿/水混合物	98	43600~61100	［26］
纤维素织物	聚二甲基硅氧烷/植酸金属络合物	循环组装法、浸渍固化法	氯仿/水混合物	99.5	未提及	［27］
纤维素织物	片状六方氧化锌、月桂酸	原位合成法和浸涂法	油/水混合物	>96.5	2900~3400	［28］
纤维素膜	聚{[3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯]-嵌段月桂烯}	接枝法	含有无机/有机颗粒的原油/水混合物	未提及	约1000	［29］
银/CNF复合纸	银	交替过滤法	水包二甲苯乳液	>96	约140	［30］
桉木浆纤维素纸	丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺	接枝法	油/水混合物	>97.6	未提及	［31］
纤维素纳米纤维膜	氧化石墨烯	静电纺丝技术	正己烷/水混合物	>97.3	960	［32］

基底	表面改性物质	方法	油水分离形式	分离效率 /%	流量 /L·m^-2·h^-1	参考文献
铜网	纤维素纳米晶体	层层自组装法	原油/水混合物	约99.6	35000	［34］
尼龙滤纸	被囊状纤维素纳米晶体	真空辅助过滤法	异辛烷水纳米乳液	约100	>1700	［35］
金属网	柠檬酸交联纤维素水凝胶	浸涂法	正己烷/水混合物	>98.9	12885	［36］
金属网	羧甲基纤维素	浸渍法、喷涂法	环己烷/水混合物	>99.5	2400	［37］
纤维素滤纸	与柠檬酸交联的纤维素凝胶	浸涂法	水包甲苯乳液	95.9	约24	［38］
纤维素滤纸	被囊类纤维素纳米晶体，环氧氯丙烷	过滤及交联反应	正己烷/水混合物	>97.9	约300L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	［39］
纤维素织物	纤维素	纤维素溶解和再生法	水包甲苯乳液	>93.2	>4000	［40］
醋酸纤维素纳米纤维膜		静电纺丝法、脱乙酰法	氯仿/水混合物	99.97	38000	［41］
纤维素酯	纤维素纳米晶体	增材印刷策略	水包正己烷乳液	>99	>1500L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	［42］
醋酸纤维素		墨水书写技术	油/水混合物	>95	160000	［43］
纤维素海绵		冷冻干燥法	水包油乳液	>99.94	91	［44］
纤维素海绵		冷冻干燥法	水包油乳液	99.2	142~290	［45］
纤维素纳米纤维气凝胶	高碘酸钠、亚硫酸钠	磺化法	煤油水混合物	99.33	360	［46］

基底	表面改性物质	方法	油水分离形式	分离效率 /%	流量 /L·m^-2·h^-1	参考文献
铜网	纤维素纳米晶体	层层自组装法	原油/水混合物	约99.6	35000	［34］
尼龙滤纸	被囊状纤维素纳米晶体	真空辅助过滤法	异辛烷水纳米乳液	约100	>1700	［35］
金属网	柠檬酸交联纤维素水凝胶	浸涂法	正己烷/水混合物	>98.9	12885	［36］
金属网	羧甲基纤维素	浸渍法、喷涂法	环己烷/水混合物	>99.5	2400	［37］
纤维素滤纸	与柠檬酸交联的纤维素凝胶	浸涂法	水包甲苯乳液	95.9	约24	［38］
纤维素滤纸	被囊类纤维素纳米晶体，环氧氯丙烷	过滤及交联反应	正己烷/水混合物	>97.9	约300L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	［39］
纤维素织物	纤维素	纤维素溶解和再生法	水包甲苯乳液	>93.2	>4000	［40］
醋酸纤维素纳米纤维膜		静电纺丝法、脱乙酰法	氯仿/水混合物	99.97	38000	［41］
纤维素酯	纤维素纳米晶体	增材印刷策略	水包正己烷乳液	>99	>1500L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	［42］
醋酸纤维素		墨水书写技术	油/水混合物	>95	160000	［43］
纤维素海绵		冷冻干燥法	水包油乳液	>99.94	91	［44］
纤维素海绵		冷冻干燥法	水包油乳液	99.2	142~290	［45］
纤维素纳米纤维气凝胶	高碘酸钠、亚硫酸钠	磺化法	煤油水混合物	99.33	360	［46］

基底	表面改性物质	方法	吸附类型	吸附能力/g·g^-1	参考文献
微纤化纤维素气凝胶	甲基三乙氧基硅烷	硅烷化反应	氯仿	159	［48］
纤维素气凝胶	铜纳米粒子	一步入金	氯仿	164.5	［49］
纤维素气凝胶	超细锰氟烷基硅烷	水热法、浸涂法	机油	112	［50］
纳米晶纤维素水凝胶	三聚氯氰、氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷	冷冻干燥法	十二烷	16	［51］
纤维素气凝胶	聚多巴胺/十八胺	pH诱导自聚合、席夫碱反应	氯仿	176	［52］
纤维素海绵	原硅酸四乙酯/十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷	溶胶-凝胶法、冷冻干燥法	柴油	35.55	［53］
乙基纤维素海绵	硅烷化碳纳米管、纳米二氧化硅、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷	涂层法	石油醚	约100	［54］
纤维素海绵	烷基胺	接枝法	四氯化碳	80	［55］
纤维素海绵	聚苯并嗪/还原氧化石墨烯	浸涂法	氯仿	123	［56］
棉纤维	三氯烷基硅烷	接枝法	油	18	［57］
去木质素海绵	甲基三甲氧基硅烷	接枝法	氯仿	41	［58］
脱木质素木头	反应性环氧-胺体系	真空辅助溶液灌注法	二氯甲烷	15	［59］
脱木质素木头	十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷	接枝法	硅油	37	［60］
三聚氰胺海绵	纤维素纳米晶体	浸渍-吸附-热解法	油	201	［61］
天然棉纤维		炭化法	花生油	60	［62］
纤维素纤维	乙酸酐	乙酰化法	原油	67.54	［63］
脱木质素木头	2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物	氧化法	水	99.99%（除水率）	［64］