化工进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 1001-1012.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0302

• 材料科学与技术 •    

可纺中间相沥青的研究进展

高海港1,2(), 安高军3, 鲁长波3, 李艳香2(), 张玉明1(), 李望良2   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京)重质油全国重点实验室,北京 102249
    2.中国科学院过程工程研究所,北京 100190
    3.军事科学院系统工程研究院,北京 100071
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-10 修回日期:2022-04-15 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 李艳香,张玉明
  • 作者简介:高海港(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为中间相沥青的制备与纺丝。E-mail:harbor0226@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金(U22B20142)

Research progress on spinnable mesophase pitch

GAO Haigang1,2(), AN Gaojun3, LU Changbo3, LI Yanxiang2(), ZHANG Yuming1(), LI Wangliang2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    2.Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    3.Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
  • Received:2022-03-10 Revised:2022-04-15 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-03-07
  • Contact: LI Yanxiang, ZHANG Yuming

摘要:

随着我国航空航天和电子等行业的快速发展,高性能沥青基碳纤维因其高模量和高导热等优异性能而受到广泛关注。其中,中间相沥青的制备是高性能沥青基碳纤维制备的首要环节,但因沥青组成结构复杂、杂原子较多、合成的中间相沥青产品性能不均一等因素限制,我国纺丝级中间相沥青量产化仍未实现,严重制约了相关产业的发展。本文综述了中间相沥青的形成过程和性质,对比了煤、石油、萘三种沥青原料的组成和分子结构,阐述了原料沥青中复杂成分对中间相沥青形成过程的影响以及常见的预处理方法,并对预处理方法的优缺点进行了比较,分析了直接热缩聚法、溶剂分离法、加氢改性法、催化改性法、共碳法以及其他方法的制备过程及其优缺点,并对中间相沥青形成过程中的影响因素进行了归纳总结。最后展望了中间相沥青的发展前景,针对目前的瓶颈问题提出了建议。研究者应从沥青原料出发,探究原料分子结构和工艺条件对中间相沥青结构的影响规律并阐明其机理。

关键词: 中间相沥青, 沥青基碳纤维, 原料预处理, 制备方法

Abstract:

With the rapid development of China's aerospace and electronics industries, high-performance pitch-based carbon fibers have attracted more and more attention because of its excellent properties such as high modulus and excellent thermal conductivity. Among these steps, the preparation of mesophase asphalt is the first step in the preparation of high-performance pitch-based carbon fibers. However, due to the complex structure of pitch and more heteroatoms, the properties of mesophase pitch products are not uniform. These facts lead to the situation that the industrial-scale production of spinning grade mesophase pitch has not yet been achieved in China, and thus seriously restricts the development of related industries. In this paper, the formation process and properties of mesophase pitch were reviewed. The composition and molecular structure of coal, petroleum and naphthalene were compared. The effects of complex components in raw pitch on the formation process of mesophase pitch and the common pretreatment methods were described, and the advantages and disadvantages of pretreatment methods were compared. The preparation process, advantages and disadvantages of direct thermal polycondensation, solvent separation, hydrogenation modification, catalytic modification, co-carbon method and other methods were analyzed, and the influencing factors in the formation of mesophase pitch were summarized. Finally, the development prospect of mesophase pitch was prospected, and suggestions were proposed to the current bottleneck problems. Researchers should start from the source of pitch raw materials to explore the influencing rules of their molecular structure and process conditions on the structure of mesophase pitch, and illuminate the proposed mechanism.

Key words: mesophase pitch, pitch-base carbon fiber, raw material pretreatment, preparation methods

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