聚酰亚胺气凝胶制备、性能及应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0589

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 816-826.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0589

聚酰亚胺气凝胶制备、性能及应用进展

宋梓豪¹^,², 王宏鑫¹, 杜博宇¹, 段秋阳¹, 卢晶虹¹, 江颖辉¹, 崔升¹^,²^,³

^1.南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院，江苏南京 211800
^2.江苏先进无机功能复合材料协同创新中心，江苏南京 211816
^3.宿迁市南京工业大学新材料研究院，江苏宿迁 223800

收稿日期:2021-03-23 修回日期:2021-04-21 出版日期:2022-02-05 发布日期:2022-02-23
通讯作者: 崔升
作者简介:宋梓豪（1996—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为气凝胶材料。E-mail：zsong@njtech. edu. cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51702156);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2019734);江苏省高校自然科学基金重大项目(15KJA430005);江苏省大学生创业训练项目(202019291221T)

Progress in preparation and performance application of polyimide aerogel

SONG Zihao¹^,², WANG Hongxin¹, DU Boyu¹, DUAN Qiuyang¹, LU Jinghong¹, JIANG Yinghui¹, CUI Sheng¹^,²^,³

^1.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu, China
^2.Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
^3.Suqian Advanced Materials Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu, China

Received:2021-03-23 Revised:2021-04-21 Online:2022-02-05 Published:2022-02-23
Contact: CUI Sheng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚酰亚胺气凝胶具有高比表面积、低密度、低热导率等优点，但是存在易吸湿、收缩率大且在制备过程中大量使用有机溶剂以及使用价格昂贵的化学交联剂等问题。本文主要介绍了目前聚酰亚胺气凝胶的制备方法、性能及其应用，重点综述了二酐与二胺缩合反应法、异氰酸酯法、开环易位聚合法。简述了几种方法的制备原理，同时也总结了聚酰亚胺气凝胶在隔热、抗辐射、油水分离、过滤等领域应用的研究进展。最后，对聚酰亚胺气凝胶的制备方法及实际应用进行了总结与评价，提出在今后的研究工作中要以解决易吸湿、收缩率大、探索其他类型交联剂作为重点。并且，立足于目前聚酰亚胺气凝胶及其复合材料的发展趋势，对今后聚酰亚胺气凝胶新的存在形态、新的应用领域进行了展望。

关键词: 聚酰亚胺气凝胶, 制备方法, 制备原理, 性能, 应用

Abstract:

Polyimide aerogel has the advantages of high specific surface area, low density, low thermal conductivity, etc., but it has problems such as easy moisture absorption, large shrinkage, the use of a large number of organic solvents in the preparation process and the use of expensive chemical crosslinking agents. This article mainly introduced the current preparation methods, properties and applications of polyimide aerogels, focusing on the dianhydride and diamine condensation reaction method, isocyanate method and ring-opening metathesis polymerization method. The preparation principles of several methods were briefly described, and the research progress of polyimide aerogel in the fields of heat insulation, radiation resistance, oil-water separation, filtration and other fields was also summarized. Finally, the preparation method and practical application of polyimide aerogel were summarized and evaluated. It was proposed that in the future research work, it should be focused on solving hygroscopic and shrinkage, and exploring other types of crosslinking agents. In addition, based on the current development trend of polyimide aerogels and their composite materials, the new existing forms and new application fields of polyimide aerogels were prospected in the future.

Key words: polyimide aerogel, preparation method, preparation principle, performance, application

中图分类号:

TQ31

宋梓豪, 王宏鑫, 杜博宇, 段秋阳, 卢晶虹, 江颖辉, 崔升. 聚酰亚胺气凝胶制备、性能及应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(2): 816-826.

SONG Zihao, WANG Hongxin, DU Boyu, DUAN Qiuyang, LU Jinghong, JIANG Yinghui, CUI Sheng. Progress in preparation and performance application of polyimide aerogel[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(2): 816-826.

图/表 12

图1 逐层组装梯度PI气凝胶示意图[25]

图2 两种方法制备的PI气凝胶的扫描电镜图 [27]

图3 以异氰酸酯为中心的超支化PI生长机理[28]

图4 开环易位聚合反应的一般实例[29]

图5 开环易位聚合bis-NAD[30]

图6 玻璃纤维增强PI气凝胶复合材料合成过程[33]

图7 PI/SiO2气凝胶被塑造成DHU的字母形状[34]

图8 PI/石墨烯复合气凝胶制备示意图[43]

图9 F-PI耐水气凝胶的保形涂层方法[48]

图10 PI气凝胶的制备工艺[57]

图11 疏水和多孔的PI-GA纳米复合气凝胶材料

图12 PI/PVDF复合气凝胶[61]

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聚酰亚胺气凝胶制备、性能及应用进展

Progress in preparation and performance application of polyimide aerogel

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