微孔膜法油水分离——表面性质及微观结构的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0138

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石油炼制和化工过程存在大量油水混合物体系，影响生产过程稳定性，也会造成环境污染，亟需高效低成本的油水分离技术。与气浮、离心、化学混凝等传统油水分离技术相比，微孔膜技术通过油或水的选择性渗透实现分离，具有操作简单、分离效率高、运行成本低等众多优点。然而，微孔膜处理油水混合物的分离效率和加工能力同时取决于膜材料的表面性质（表面浸润性能）和微孔结构（分离通道的尺寸效应）。本文首先基于表面润湿现象和尺寸筛分机制介绍了膜法油水分离的原理，然后从上述两个角度出发综述了近年来微孔膜法油水分离的相关研究进展，最后指出微孔膜法油水分离在迈向工业化应用的过程中还需解决的一些问题，并对未来膜材料表面性质和微孔结构的研究进行了展望。

关键词: 油水分离, 微孔膜, 表面性质, 微孔结构

Abstract:

Petroleum and chemical industries yielded various oil-water mixtures by accident or on schedule，which might affect processing stabilization or seriously contaminate environment. Therefore, oil-water separation technologies with high efficiency and low running cost are urgently demanded. In comparison to the usually-used industrial methods (floatation, centrifugation, coagulation, etc), micro-porous membrane technology could achieve oil-water separation through selective permeation of oil or water, and the attached advantages included easy operation, high efficiency, low cost, etc. However, the separation efficiency and processing capability of microporous membranes for oil and water mixtures were mainly determined by membrane surface properties (wetting ability) and microscopic structures (permeation channels’ size effect). Oil-water separation principle was firstly introduced based on micro-porous membrane technology via surface wetting and size screening mechanism; then the recent advances on membrane surface properties and microscopic structures were reviewed; finally, the critical problems existing in industrial membrane-based oil-water separation were pointed out in brief, and perspective about the further research on membrane surface properties and microscopic structures was given. This review might afford some theoretical foundations to the researchers around micro-porous membrane technology for oil-water separation.

Key words: oil-water separation, micro-porous membrane, surface properties, micro-porous structure

中图分类号:

TE991

马杨, 王佳铭, 贺高红, 阮雪华. 微孔膜法油水分离——表面性质及微观结构的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(6): 2145-2155.

Yang MA, Jiaming WANG, Gaohong HE, Xuehua RUAN. Micro-porous membrane technology for oil-water separation: progress in surface properties and microscopic structures[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(6): 2145-2155.

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