自愈合油水分离膜的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1640

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着工业的发展以及海洋石油泄漏事故的频发，产生的含油污水对人类健康和生态环境均有严重威胁，迫切需要发展油水处理材料。膜分离法作为一种高效低能耗的方法被广泛应用于该领域，但在实际应用中容易受到外界机械力损坏或自然环境的影响导致膜分离性能下降甚至丧失。因此，自愈合油水分离膜为此提供了一种新途径，显著提升了膜的附加值。本文介绍了自愈合油水分离膜的制备方法、修复机理和国内外研究现状，针对材料表面微纳粗糙结构及低表面能物质损伤的愈合方式展开论述。指出了自愈合油水分离膜目前存在制备时间长、经济成本高、疏水表面修饰的功能单体单一以及机械强度偏低等问题。提出该领域未来可从降低材料制备成本、发展多功能修饰单体以及实现低表面能物质和表面粗糙结构同步愈合等方向发展，以期为油水分离材料的开发和应用提供参考。

关键词: 自愈合, 含油废水, 分离, 超疏水, 膜

Abstract:

With the development of industry and the frequent offshore oil spills, a large amount of oily sewage is produced, which poses a serious threat to human health and ecological environment. Therefore, it is urgent to develop oil/water treatment materials. Membrane separation is widely applied for this field due to it is a highly efficient and low energy consumption method. However, in practical applications, it is susceptible to external mechanical damage or the influence of the natural environment, and thus oil-water separation membrane separation performance will decline, and even lead to loss of separation performance. Self-healing superhydrophobic oil/water separation membranes provide a new method to improve the added value of oil/water separation membranes. In this paper, the preparation methods, self-healing mechanism and research progress of self-healing oil/water separation membranes were introduced, and the healing way of damage caused by micro-nano rough structure on the surface of the material and low surface energy material was discussed. It was pointed out that there were some problems such as long preparation time, high economic cost, single functional monomer of hydrophobic surface modification and low mechanical strength of self-healing oil-water separation membrane. It was suggested that this field can be developed in the future by reducing the cost of material preparation, developing multifunctional modified monomers and realizing the simultaneous healing of low surface energy materials and surface rough structures in order to provide reference for the development and application of oil/water separation materials.

Key words: self-healing, oily wastewater, separation, superhydrophobic, membranes

中图分类号:

O648.1

陈香李, 李倩倩, 张甜, 李彪, 李康康. 自愈合油水分离膜的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3600-3610.

CHEN Xiangli, LI Qianqian, ZHANG Tian, LI Biao, LI Kangkang. Research progress on self-healing oil/water separation membranes[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3600-3610.

图/表 11

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制备方法	优点	缺点	参考文献
模板法
天然模板法	成本较低、效率高	模板结构单一且有限	[22]
人工模板法
刻蚀法	选择性好、效率高	产生的废液污染环境	[23]
沉积法
液相沉积法	操作简单	对工艺制备条件要求高	[24]
气相沉积法
物理沉积法
化学沉积法
喷涂法	工艺简单、适用性强	不易控制、基底与涂层黏附性小	[25]
相分离法
热致相分离法	制备周期短、利于规模化生产	分离通量低、能耗高	[26]
非溶剂诱导相分离法	制备周期短、利于规模化生产	分离通量低、能耗高	[26]
静电纺丝法	可制备微/纳米纤维膜	成本高、效率低	[27]
真空抽滤法	操作简单、易于调控	对原材料要求高	[28]
电化学技术
电化学聚合	高效、成本低廉	表面的微结构形貌难以控制	[29]
电化学沉积法	高效、成本低廉	表面的微结构形貌难以控制	[29]
溶胶-凝胶法	低温加工、产品均匀一致	材料与基体之间的结合力较弱	[30]
逐层组装法	过程简单、厚度可控	涂层稳定性较差、耗时长	[31]
多孔材料改性法	易于改性	材料改性具有局限性	[32]
等离子体处理法
等离子体刻蚀法	操作简单、重复性高	成本高、刻蚀速度慢、很难实现量产	[33]
等离子体聚合法	操作简单、重复性高	成本高、刻蚀速度慢、很难实现量产	[33]
有机-无机杂化表面法	易于获得所需性能	效率低、不适于大规模生产	[34]
表面自由基聚合和气相聚合法	适用范围广	操作条件严格	[35]

制备方法	优点	缺点	参考文献
模板法
天然模板法	成本较低、效率高	模板结构单一且有限	[22]
人工模板法
刻蚀法	选择性好、效率高	产生的废液污染环境	[23]
沉积法
液相沉积法	操作简单	对工艺制备条件要求高	[24]
气相沉积法
物理沉积法
化学沉积法
喷涂法	工艺简单、适用性强	不易控制、基底与涂层黏附性小	[25]
相分离法
热致相分离法	制备周期短、利于规模化生产	分离通量低、能耗高	[26]
非溶剂诱导相分离法	制备周期短、利于规模化生产	分离通量低、能耗高	[26]
静电纺丝法	可制备微/纳米纤维膜	成本高、效率低	[27]
真空抽滤法	操作简单、易于调控	对原材料要求高	[28]
电化学技术
电化学聚合	高效、成本低廉	表面的微结构形貌难以控制	[29]
电化学沉积法	高效、成本低廉	表面的微结构形貌难以控制	[29]
溶胶-凝胶法	低温加工、产品均匀一致	材料与基体之间的结合力较弱	[30]
逐层组装法	过程简单、厚度可控	涂层稳定性较差、耗时长	[31]
多孔材料改性法	易于改性	材料改性具有局限性	[32]
等离子体处理法
等离子体刻蚀法	操作简单、重复性高	成本高、刻蚀速度慢、很难实现量产	[33]
等离子体聚合法	操作简单、重复性高	成本高、刻蚀速度慢、很难实现量产	[33]
有机-无机杂化表面法	易于获得所需性能	效率低、不适于大规模生产	[34]
表面自由基聚合和气相聚合法	适用范围广	操作条件严格	[35]

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