电渗析分离提取高值组分的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0412

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国经济高速发展，现代化和工业化不断推进，环保与可持续发展成为资源开发以及工业生产的必要条件。资源开发与工业生产过程中会产生大量重金属废水以及有机废水，电渗析技术能耗较低，对水质敏感性低，简单易操作，且具有优秀的浓缩与分离性能，因而被广泛应用于工业废水中金属与有机物的分离和提取。文章综述了工业废水中金属与有机物回收的基本原理与研究进展，介绍了多种金属在不同体系中的回收案例与有机物回收案例，分析了pH、操作电压与电流、溶液流量和离子浓度等不同工艺参数对电渗析效果的影响和作用机制，并展望了电渗析技术分离提取金属与有机物的发展方向，为电渗析技术处理重金属废水与有机物废水，实现重金属与有机物分离和提取提供理论依据。

关键词: 重金属, 有机物, 电渗析, 分离, 提取

Abstract:

With the rapid development of economy and the continuous advancement of modernization and industrialization, environmental protection and sustainable development have become the necessary conditions for resource development and industrial production. In the process of resource development and industrial production, a large amount of heavy metal wastewater and organic wastewater will be produced. Electrodialysis technology has low energy consumption, low sensitivity to water quality, simple operation, and excellent concentration and separation performance, so it is widely used in the separation and extraction of metals and organics in industrial wastewater. This paper summarized the basic principle and research progress of metal and organic recovery in industrial wastewater, introduced the recovery cases of various metals in different systems and organic recovery cases, analyzed the influence and mechanism of different process parameters such as pH, operating voltage and current, solution flow and ion concentration on the electrodialysis effect, and looked forward to the development direction of electrodialysis technology for separation and extraction of metal and organic matter. It provides a theoretical basis for electrodialysis technology to treat heavy metal wastewater and organic wastewater, and realize the separation and extraction of heavy metal and organic matter.

Key words: heavy metals, organic compound, electrodialysis, separation, extraction

中图分类号:

TQ085⁺.411

李世霖, 胡景泽, 王毅霖, 王庆吉, 邵磊. 电渗析分离提取高值组分的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 420-429.

LI Shilin, HU Jingze, WANG Yilin, WANG Qingji, SHAO Lei. Research progress in separation and extraction of high value components by electrodialysis[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 420-429.

图/表 10

图1 电镀废水中Fe3+络合物与Zn2+电渗析分离机理图

图2 碱性叔胺和咪唑基团对Fe2+选择透过性的抑制作用

图3 FeCl2电渗析迁移规律图

图4 双极膜电渗析回收Ni机理图

图5 电解质浓度对Ni-EDTA去除率的影响

图6 电流密度对Ni-EDTA去除率的影响

图7 电渗析和电沉积联合去除Ni2+机理图

图8 梯级电渗析回收苯乙酸机理图

图9 α-酮戊二酸初始浓度对电流效率以及比能耗的影响

图10 N,N-二甲基甘氨酸的回收规律图

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