基于界面相容性强化的木质素/高分子复合材料构筑策略

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1942

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 2733-2745.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1942

• 合成材料利用 • 上一篇

基于界面相容性强化的木质素/高分子复合材料构筑策略

刘启予¹^,³(), 刘伟峰², 邱学青¹^,³()

^1.广东工业大学轻工化工学院，广东省植物资源生物炼制重点实验室，广东省生态安全与绿色发展卓越基础研究中心，广东广州 510006
^2.华南理工大学化学与化工学院，广东省绿色化学产品技术重点实验室，制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州 510640
^3.广东省化学与精细化工实验室揭阳中心，广东揭阳 515200

收稿日期:2024-11-26 修回日期:2025-01-25 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-20
通讯作者: 邱学青
作者简介:刘启予（1993—），男，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为木质素分子间作用力解析及微结构调控。E-mail：liuqiyu@gdut.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U23A6005);中国科协青年人才托举工程(2023QNR0001)

Construction strategies of lignin/polymer composite based on interface compatibility strengthening

LIU Qiyu¹^,³(), LIU Weifeng², QIU Xueqing¹^,³()

^1.School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
^2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Fine Chemicals, State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
^3.Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, Guangdong, China

Received:2024-11-26 Revised:2025-01-25 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-05-20
Contact: QIU Xueqing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木质素是自然界中储量最高的芳香类聚合物，造纸制浆工业每年会产生数千万吨工业木质素，但高值化利用率不足。高分子材料量大面广，但通常来自于不可再生的化石资源，且难以降解。开发高性能木质素/高分子复合材料对实现工业木质素大批量、高值化利用，缓解对化石资源的依赖，降低环境污染等问题具有现实意义。然而，工业木质素存在分子间作用力过强、分子间易聚集的问题，导致其在高分子材料中分散性能差、复合材料性能低。本文回顾了近年来的木质素/高分子复合材料界面相容性提升策略，从微观界面作用角度将其划分为了高应力粉碎、相容剂添加、化学改性、聚集态调控和界面动态键构建五类。文章详细评述了木质素微观结构及其与高分子的结合方式对复合材料强度和韧性的影响，指出界面相容性强化是构筑高性能木质素/高分子复合材料的核心，强化策略的经济性和绿色性是制备复合材料需要重点考虑的因素。今后的研究需要从机理层面进一步剖析木质素/高分子界面作用本质，针对高分子材料结构特征选择性调控木质素微结构和聚集态，制备高性能复合材料，同时拓宽工业木质素在智能材料、医用材料等新兴领域的利用途径。本文对高性能木质素/高分子复合材料的设计与构筑进行了系统性总结和归纳，对于指导该领域材料的开发与应用提供了理论依据和研究思路。

关键词: 木质素, 高分子, 复合材料, 界面相容性

Abstract:

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer in nature. The pulping industry produces millions of industrial lignin annually but high valorization is insufficient. Polymer materials are large in quantity and wide in range but usually come from non-renewable fossil resources which are difficult to degrade. Developing high-performance lignin/polymer composites is of practical significance in realizing the high-volume and high-value utilization of industrial lignin, reducing dependence on fossil resources and decreasing environmental pollution. However, the excessively strong intermolecular forces and easy-to-aggregate characteristics of industrial lignin lead to poor dispersion in polymer materials and result in low material properties. The review summarized recent strategies for improving the interfacial compatibility between lignin and polymers and divided the strategy into high-stress pulverization, compatible addition, chemical modification, aggregation adjustment and interface dynamic bond construction based on the micro-interface interactions. The review detailly evaluated the effects of lignin micro-interface structure and the connecting species with polymers on the strength and toughness of composite materials. It was pointed out that the interface compatibility strengthening was a critical issue for constructing advanced lignin/polymer composites. The economy together with greenness were the key factors affecting the development of advanced composites. Future studies needed to focus on a further fundamental study towards the mechanism of the interfacial interactions between lignin and polymer, develop advanced composites via adjusting the microstructure and aggregation performance of lignin, as well as broaden the valorization of industrial lignin in smart materials, medical materials and others. This review proposed a systematic summary and induction of the design and construction of lignin/polymer composite, which proposed the theoretical basis and research ideas towards the advanced materials development and application in this field.

Key words: lignin, polymer, composite materials, interface strengthening strategies

中图分类号:

O636.2

刘启予, 刘伟峰, 邱学青. 基于界面相容性强化的木质素/高分子复合材料构筑策略[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2733-2745.

LIU Qiyu, LIU Weifeng, QIU Xueqing. Construction strategies of lignin/polymer composite based on interface compatibility strengthening[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2733-2745.

图/表 11

图1 木质素基础单元与分子结构式[26]

图2 木质素分子间作用力量化测定及解构

图3 木质素/聚烯烃固态剪切粉碎-熔融共混制备复合材料[17]

图4 相容剂引入提高木质素复合材料界面相容性

图5 常见用于木质素/高分子复合材料构筑的木质素改性方法[39]

图6 木质素聚集态调控制备亲水性纳米颗粒及其复合PVA材料的应用[52]

图7 木质素聚集态调控制备疏水性纳米颗粒包裹SiO2及其在复合高密度聚乙烯材料的应用[53]

图8 木质素/PVA复合抗菌膜的制备及界面作用示意图

图9 界面配位键连接木质素/丁腈橡胶复合材料[72]（LxCyZmSn缩写中L指木质素、C指炭黑、Z指氯化锌、S指硫，数字x、y、m、n指相对质量为100的橡胶的各组分质量比例）

图10 三氮唑作为活性配体提高木质素与POE界面相容性[75]

图11 基于界面动态共价键构建的木质素基聚氨酯材料制备[78]

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基于界面相容性强化的木质素/高分子复合材料构筑策略

Construction strategies of lignin/polymer composite based on interface compatibility strengthening

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