复合电子供体强化地下水硝酸盐生物处理效能及微生物协同作用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1775

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 7226-7237.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1775

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

复合电子供体强化地下水硝酸盐生物处理效能及微生物协同作用

吕育锋¹(), 李斌¹, 冯婷娟¹, 陈禹杭², 聂鑫², 刘庆玉², 孟凡彬³, 魏欢欢², 孙毅⁴, 王伟奇⁴, 秦艳松⁵, 王加蕙⁶

^1.中国水利水电科学研究院，北京 100038
^2.沈阳农业大学工程学院，辽宁沈阳 11000
^3.安徽科技学院资源与环境学院，安徽滁州 233100
^4.辽宁省水利事务服务中心，辽宁沈阳 11000
^5.本溪市水务事务服务中心，辽宁本溪 117000
^6.葫芦岛市水务投资集团有限公司，辽宁葫芦岛 12500

收稿日期:2024-11-03 修回日期:2025-01-10 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2026-01-06
通讯作者: 吕育锋
作者简介:吕育锋（1986—），男，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为农村饮用水处理。E-mail: lvyf@iwhr.com。
基金资助:
水利技术示范项目(SF-2-2407)

Compound electron donor enhances biological treatment efficiency of nitrate in groundwater and synergistic effect of microorganisms

LYU Yufeng¹(), LI Bin¹, FENG Tingjuan¹, CHEN Yuhang², NIE Xin², LIU Qingyu², MENG Fanbin³, WEI Huanhuan², SUN Yi⁴, WANG Weiqi⁴, QIN Yansong⁵, WANG Jiahui⁶

^1.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
^2.College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11000, Liaoning, China
^3.College of Resources and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chuzhou 233100, Anhui, China
^4.Liaoning Provincial Water Affairs Service Center, Shenyang 11000, Liaoning, China
^5.Benxi City Water Affairs Service Center, Benxi 117000, Liaoning, China
^6.Huludao Water Investment Group Co. , Ltd. , Huludao 12500, Liaoning, China

Received:2024-11-03 Revised:2025-01-10 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2026-01-06
Contact: LYU Yufeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物反硝化法除硝酸盐因低能耗、无二次污染，得到了广泛应用。电子供体在生物反硝化过程中对硝酸盐处理效率有重要影响，目前外加电子供体主要有碳源、硫代硫酸盐以及二者复合。为了探究不同电子供体对地下水硝酸盐生物处理效能及微生物间协同作用的影响，本文构建了葡萄糖、硫代硫酸钠、复合电子供体（葡萄糖-硫代硫酸钠）3个系统。3个系统分别运行，当水力停留时间（HRT）降低至1.1h时，仅复合电子供体系统的NO _x^－-N去除率可维持在90%以上且无亚硝酸盐氮产生；在同硫氮比条件下，复合电子供体系统比硫代硫酸钠电子供体系统产生的SO₄^2-更少，且比葡萄糖电子供体系统产生的污泥浓度更小。微生物群落结构分析发现，在复合电子供体系统中，主要功能菌为Sulfurimonas和Saccharimonadales，分别占41.0%和20.6%，总占比远高于单一电子供体系统，表明复合电子供体可以提高功能菌丰度从而提升硝酸盐去除效果。复合电子供体系统中与菌间协同作用相关的功能代谢丰度高于单一电子供体系统，菌间能量传递和代谢耦合等与协同作用相关功能基因丰度更高，提升了系统的脱氮性能和稳定性。

关键词: 地下水, 硝酸盐, 电子供体, 微生物群落, 协同作用

Abstract:

The biological denitrification method for nitrate removal has gained widespread application due to its low energy consumption and absence of secondary pollution. Electron donors play a crucial role in influencing the efficiency of nitrate treatment during the biological denitrification process. Currently, external electron donors primarily consist of carbon sources, thiosulfate, and their combinations. To investigate the effects of various electron donors on the biological treatment efficiency of nitrate in groundwater and the synergistic interactions among microorganisms, three systems were established: glucose, sodium thiosulfate, and a composite electron donor (glucose-sodium thiosulfate). Each system was operated independently. When the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was reduced to 1.1 hours, only the composite electron donor system maintained a NO _x^－-N removal rate exceeding 90% without significant nitrite nitrogen accumulation. Under identical S/N conditions, the composite electron donor system produced less SO₄^2- compared to the sodium thiosulfate donor system, and exhibited lower sludge concentrations than those observed with glucose. Analysis of microbial community structure revealed that within the composite electron donor system, key functional bacteria included Sulfurimonas and Saccharimonadales, which accounted for 41.0% and 20.6%, respectively, significantly higher proportions than those found in single-electron-donor systems. These findings suggest that utilizing a composite electron donor can enhance both functional bacterial abundance and nitrate removal efficacy. Furthermore, within this composite system, there was an increased abundance of functional metabolism associated with interbacterial synergism compared to single-electron-donor systems; additionally, there were elevated levels of functional genes related to interbacterial energy transfer and metabolic coupling-factors contributing positively to nitrogen removal performance and stability.

Key words: groundwater, nitrate, electron donors, microbial communities, synergistic effect

中图分类号:

X703.1

吕育锋, 李斌, 冯婷娟, 陈禹杭, 聂鑫, 刘庆玉, 孟凡彬, 魏欢欢, 孙毅, 王伟奇, 秦艳松, 王加蕙. 复合电子供体强化地下水硝酸盐生物处理效能及微生物协同作用[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(12): 7226-7237.

LYU Yufeng, LI Bin, FENG Tingjuan, CHEN Yuhang, NIE Xin, LIU Qingyu, MENG Fanbin, WEI Huanhuan, SUN Yi, WANG Weiqi, QIN Yansong, WANG Jiahui. Compound electron donor enhances biological treatment efficiency of nitrate in groundwater and synergistic effect of microorganisms[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(12): 7226-7237.

图/表 12

图1 实验装置示意图

表1 人工模拟配水组成

成分	投加量/mg·L^-1
NaNO₃	364.2
Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O（SND-SR系统）	1062.6
NaHCO₃（SND-SR、GSDC-NRS系统）	401.4
C₆H₁₂O₆（GNRS系统）	385
KH₂PO₄	19.8

图2 不同电子供体系统反应器运行效果

图3 SND-SR系统和GSDC-NRS系统中SO42-浓度的变化

图4 不同电子供体系统COD浓度变化

图5 不同电子供体系统污泥质量浓度动态变化

图6 污泥体积系数动态变化

表2 样品物种多样性指数

样品	OUTs	Ace	Chao	Coverage	Shannon	Simpson
Y_1	1181	1292.81	1261.06	0.996	5.30	0.01
LT_a1	769	964.92	976.00	0.995	3.96	0.07
LT_b1	560	695.95	673.62	0.996	3.07	0.18
L_a1	1073	1187.00	1160.50	0.996	5.12	0.02
L_b1	728	878.67	846.60	0.996	3.75	0.09
T_a1	807	954.22	959.26	0.996	4.08	0.06
T_b1	631	728.54	700.73	0.997	3.69	0.07

图7 各样品门水平群落结构分析

图8 各样品相对丰度较高的20种菌属在属水平上微生物群落组成

图9 不同样品中与氮硫碳代谢相关的主要细菌功能的FAPROTAX热图

图10 功能基因的相对丰度

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复合电子供体强化地下水硝酸盐生物处理效能及微生物协同作用

Compound electron donor enhances biological treatment efficiency of nitrate in groundwater and synergistic effect of microorganisms

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