还原材料修复卤代溶剂污染地下水的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0084

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

还原材料在卤代溶剂污染地下水修复中具有重要应用价值，但实际应用中仍存在迁移性差、修复效率低及成本高等问题。本文介绍了卤代溶剂污染现状、不同类型还原修复材料的研究进展及其在卤代溶剂污染修复中的应用。简述了这些材料在提升修复效率、降低成本方面的潜力与挑战，旨在分析当前技术的优缺点并探讨未来的改进方向。指出为进一步提升卤代溶剂污染修复效果，应深入研究改性还原药剂以增强其反应活性和迁移能力，同时加强材料技术之间的耦合研究与施工工艺的优化，降低修复成本并提高工程实施的可行性。此外，还应关注修复过程中的环境影响，确保技术的绿色可持续发展。通过这些综合措施，有望推动卤代溶剂污染修复技术迈向更高效、更环保的新阶段。

关键词: 环境修复, 卤代溶剂, 还原材料, 生物修复, 地下水

Abstract:

Reductive materials hold significant applicative value in the halogenated solvents contaminated groundwater remediation, yet their practical application faces hurdles such as limited migration, low efficacy, and high costs. This review summarizes the current status of halogenated solvent contaminations and advancements in research on reductive remediation materials, as well as their applications in the remediation of halogenated solvent pollution. Describing the potential and challenges these materials pose in terms of improving repair efficiency and cost reduction, this review aims to scrutinize the pros and cons of existing technologies and simultaneously explore possible directions for future advancements. To further enhance the efficacy of halogenated solvent pollution remediation, there should be a deeper investigation into modified reductive agents to augment their reactivity and migration capabilities. Additionally, there is a need to strengthen coupling studies between material technologies and optimize construction processes to reduce remediation costs and improve the feasibility of engineering implementation. Moreover, attention must be directed towards the environmental impact during the remediation process to ensure the green and sustainable development of the technology. Through these comprehensive measures, it is anticipated that halogenated solvent pollution remediation technology will progress toward a more efficient and environmentally friendly phase.

Key words: environmental remediation, halogenated solvents, reductive materials, bioremediation, groundwater

中图分类号:

李书鹏, 独学渊, 李霏, 郭丽莉, 李广贺. 还原材料修复卤代溶剂污染地下水的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(1): 500-512.

LI Shupeng, DU Xueyuan, LI Fei, GUO Lili, LI Guanghe. Research development of reductive materials for remediation of groundwater contaminated by halogenated solvents[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(1): 500-512.

图/表 11

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卤代溶剂	密度 /g·mL^-1	水中溶解度 /mg·L^-1	GB 5749—2022 /mg·L^-1
四氯乙烯	1.63	200	0.04
三氯乙烯	1.46	1100	0.02
1,1,1-三氯乙烷	1.35	1300	2
四氯化碳	1.59	825	0.002
1,2-二氯乙烷	1.25	8500	0.03
二氯甲烷	1.33	20000	0.02
水	0.997^[12]	—	—

卤代溶剂	密度 /g·mL^-1	水中溶解度 /mg·L^-1	GB 5749—2022 /mg·L^-1
四氯乙烯	1.63	200	0.04
三氯乙烯	1.46	1100	0.02
1,1,1-三氯乙烷	1.35	1300	2
四氯化碳	1.59	825	0.002
1,2-二氯乙烷	1.25	8500	0.03
二氯甲烷	1.33	20000	0.02
水	0.997^[12]	—	—

	速效成分	缓释成分
能源物质	糖浆类（糖蜜、红糖、精炼甘蔗等）	农产品废弃物（麦麸、秸秆、甲壳素等）
	醇类（甲醇、戊醇）	油类（乳化植物油、豆油等）
	乳清蛋白	EOS、HRC等
电子供体	氢气、铁粉	乳化油类
电子供体	小分子有机酸盐（甲酸盐、乙酸盐、乳酸盐、丙酮酸盐、丁酸盐）	EOS、HRC等

	速效成分	缓释成分
能源物质	糖浆类（糖蜜、红糖、精炼甘蔗等）	农产品废弃物（麦麸、秸秆、甲壳素等）
	醇类（甲醇、戊醇）	油类（乳化植物油、豆油等）
	乳清蛋白	EOS、HRC等
电子供体	氢气、铁粉	乳化油类
电子供体	小分子有机酸盐（甲酸盐、乙酸盐、乳酸盐、丙酮酸盐、丁酸盐）	EOS、HRC等

工程应用问题	解决策略
迁移性差	乳化（乳化后流动性变好利于迁移）
团聚	包覆（CMC可通过静电斥力和空间位阻作用减少nZVI颗粒的聚集）、固相负载（可有效分散nZVI，减少聚集）
生物修复效率低	乳化（植物油可以为长期生物降解提供营养）、固相负载（生物炭等材料可以为功能微生物的生长提供营养）
钝化	双金属材料（双金属体系下，铁表面的原电池反应将促进形成更多的新鲜表面，增加反应区域）、包覆、固相负载（nZVI进行包覆以及通过固相负载等方式可以有效减少nZVI与空气的接触，从而减少表面钝化）、乳化（疏水植物油溶解氧低，减少表面钝化）